Exercise Physiology
Fahimeh Mehrabani; farhad rahmani nia; Javad Mehrabani; Nasrin Razavianzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the accumulation of fat in the liver increases. Exercise training can improve the condition by preventing excessive accumulation of fat in the liver as a non-pharmacological intervention and preventing the progression of ...
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Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the accumulation of fat in the liver increases. Exercise training can improve the condition by preventing excessive accumulation of fat in the liver as a non-pharmacological intervention and preventing the progression of the disease to chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combined exercises training with two intensities on FGF-21, insulin resistance, liver enzymes and body composition of women with fatty liver.Materials and Methods: 33 women with NAFLD with a mean age of 57.7 ± 45.43 years and a body mass index of 84.32 6 6 kg/m2 randomly divided into three equal groups; aerobic interval training (AIT); high intensity interval training (HIIT); and controls. The training program was performed for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The variables were measured before and after the training program. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures (p< 0.05). Results: The results showed that HOMA-IR index and serum FGF-21 were significantly reduced in the combined training groups compared to the control (p<0.05). No significant effect or difference was observed in ALT and AST enzyme levels. Also, a significant decrease in body fat percentage was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that women with NAFLD are likely to be able to use both combined resistance training intensity and moderate to severe interval as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce fat percentage and improve insulin and FGF-21 resistance.
Exercise Physiology
Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi; Nayyer Ghayyem Alaee; Sajjad Anoushiravani
Abstract
Aim: Exercise reduces weight and prevents obesity. The aim was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training on serum irisin, lipid profile and body composition of obese women.Method: Subjects were 16 obese female volunteers (age: 33.82±3.91 years, weight: 78.2±2.72 kg, ...
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Aim: Exercise reduces weight and prevents obesity. The aim was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training on serum irisin, lipid profile and body composition of obese women.Method: Subjects were 16 obese female volunteers (age: 33.82±3.91 years, weight: 78.2±2.72 kg, BMI: 30.22±1.03 kg/m2) who were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n = 8) and control (n = 8). The experimental group performed eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training, three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session, and with an intensity of 65-75% of the reserve heart rate. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after exercise, and serum Irisin, lipid profile and body composition were measured. Independent t-test and ANCOVA were used to evaluate the mean difference before and after eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training. Significance level was considered P <0.05.Results: Serum irisin levels (P<0.0001) and HDL (P=0.003) significantly increased after eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training. Meanwhile, weight (P<0.001), WHR (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.0001), fat percentage (P<0.0001), fat mass (P<0.0001), LDL (P<0.001), VLDL (P<0.0001), TG (P=0.027) and cholesterol (P=0.002) significantly reduced after 8 weeks of aerobic-yoga training compared. LBM (P = 0.579) had no significant difference after eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training.Conclusion: Aerobic-yoga exercise reduces weight and improves irisin, body composition and blood lipid profile in obese women.
Exercise Physiology
Seyede fateme motavalli; alireza barari; ahmad abdi; hosein abed natanzi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on VEGF and caspase 3 gene expression in mice with melanoma.Methodology: In this study, 20 adult male rats with age of 8 week were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on VEGF and caspase 3 gene expression in mice with melanoma.Methodology: In this study, 20 adult male rats with age of 8 week were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. The training program consisted of 30 minutes of running on a treadmill without a slope at a speed of 16 m/min for the first week, and one meter per minute was added every week until it reached 22 meters per minute in the eighth week. One week after melanoma induction, the experimental group consumed 30 mg /kg /day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. RT PCR in blood was used to measure the expression of VEGF and caspase 3 genes.Results: Data analysis showed that VEGF gene expression was decreased in experimental groups compared to the control group; But did not reach a significant level (p = 0.154). The results also showed that caspase 3 gene expression was significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Post hoc test also showed that caspase 3 gene expression was significantly different between the combination group and other groups.Conclusion: The results showed that consumption of nettle extract may have anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, induction of apoptosis inhibition of cell growth and cell migration.
Exercise Physiology
Soheila Yavarmasroor; Alireza Elmiyeh; Mohammad Reza Fadaei Chafi
Abstract
Introduction: In the present study, the effect of two types of resistance training - traditional and EMS on the levels of iris, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in Inactive middle-aged womenwas compared.Material and Method: The study population consisted of 45 elderly women in Rasht with mean ...
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Introduction: In the present study, the effect of two types of resistance training - traditional and EMS on the levels of iris, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in Inactive middle-aged womenwas compared.Material and Method: The study population consisted of 45 elderly women in Rasht with mean age (44.46 ± 3.42 years), weight (79 ± 7.89 kg), body mass index (34.4 ± 3.94 kg / height) and fat percentage (39.95 ± 4.50), which were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1) resistance-traditional (n = 15), 2) EMS (n = 15) and 3) control (n = 15) Were divided.After evaluating the anthropometric indices, the training groups performed their own training intervention for eight weeks.Results: The results of data analysis showed that the levels of irisin in the post-test compared to the pre-test showed a significant increase in both resistance-traditional and EMS training groups (P ≤ 0.05), which was higher in the EMS training group. (P≤ 05/0).Insulin and glucose levels and insulin resistance index also decreased significantly in post-test compared to pre-test in both training groups compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). While there was no significant difference between training groups (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that both traditional resistance training and EMS improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance index in Inactive middle-aged womenby increasing irisin levels.
Exercise Physiology
Zohreh Shanazari; Mohammad Faramarzi; ZAHRA HEMATI FARSANI; Mohammad Soleimani
Abstract
Introduction: Body weight is adjusted through the balance between receiving food and energy. The ghrelin hormone increases appetite and food intake. The aim of this study was to examine the order effect of combined training on ghrelin levels and energy expenditure in overweight women. Methods: 30 overweight ...
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Introduction: Body weight is adjusted through the balance between receiving food and energy. The ghrelin hormone increases appetite and food intake. The aim of this study was to examine the order effect of combined training on ghrelin levels and energy expenditure in overweight women. Methods: 30 overweight female (aged 32-18 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg m) was selected and randomly divided into three groups, endurance – resistance (E+S), resistance –endurance (S+E) and control group. Participants performed eight,weeks, threesessions per week combined training.. 24 h before and 48 h after training program Ghrelin levels and energy expenditure were measured by ELISA kit and Harris-Benedict formula. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test and LSD post hoc test and SPSS statistical software with significance level of (P <0.05).Results: E+S and S+E intervention was caused increase on energy expenditure than control group (p<0.05) and There was no significant effect on ghrelin(p>0.05) . Also, there was no significant difference between strength - endurance and endurance-strength intervention on the ghrelin levels and energy expenditure in overweight women.Conclusion: Without attention to order of training, combined exercises has significant effect on and energy expenditure and There is no significant effect on ghrelin levels .it seems appropriate training methods for weight loss of overweight women.
Exercise Physiology
Aghil Mahdavi; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Karim Azali Alamdari
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on cardiac heat shock proteins level and gene expression level of microRNAs in rats exposed to arsenic.Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on cardiac heat shock proteins level and gene expression level of microRNAs in rats exposed to arsenic.Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of Control, Curcumin, Exercise and concomitant(Curcumin+Exercise). Arsenic 5 mg/kg.day and curcumin 15 mg/kg.day, were consumed orally for entire the study period. HIIT were conducted for six weeks (5 d/w, 60 min/session (consisted of 10 intervals of running (4 min) at 85-90% of Vo2max with 2 min recovery at 50-60% of Vo2max). Tissue protein content and gene expression levels was assessed by Western blotting and PCR methods respectively. Results: No between group difference was observed for gene expression levels of miR-21(P>0.05).The cardiac HSP60, HSP20 levels and the gene expression levels of miR-30 was significantly higher in all three intervention groups compared to Control group(P<0.001). Moreover, the cardiac HSP60, HSP20 content was significantly higher in concomitant group compared to both groups of Exercise and Curcumin(P<0.05). Conclusion: Arsenic exposure may likely increase the vulnerability of cardiomyocytes to injury by altering the amount of heat shock proteins content and the expression levels of microRNAs. Both HIIT and curcumin supplementation could be likely effective to reduce the hazards of arsenic within heart, However, the concomitant intervention might be had more beneficial effects. However, more research is still needed to be done due to the lack of similar evidence and no comprehensive measurement of the influential factors.
Exercise Physiology
Fatemeh Beiksay Afshar; Esmaeil Nasiri; Ali Samadi
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training on hippocampal oxidative stress markers hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats.Method: This is an experimental study in which 16 male Wistar rats were obtained, and after environmental adaptation and reaching target ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training on hippocampal oxidative stress markers hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats.Method: This is an experimental study in which 16 male Wistar rats were obtained, and after environmental adaptation and reaching target weight range randomly divided into two equal groups: control (CO) and sprint interval training (SIT). The SIT was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 4-9 repetitions of 10 seconds with 60 secs of active recovery between intervals. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session the rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was dissected and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in hippocampus homogenate. The independent samples T test was used for data analysis (P<0.05).Results: There were no significant difference between the SIT and CO groups in the hippocampal GPx, TAC and MDA levels (p < 0.05). However, the activity level of SOD in the SIT group was significantly higher than the CO group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The present research revealed that despite its strenuous nature, SIT did not induce oxidative stress in the hippocampus and trend of changes in GPx and TAC, as well as observed significant increase in SOD activity levels suggests that it may have favorable effects on hippocampus oxidative- antioxidative status.
Exercise Physiology
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh; Ahmad Abdi; Asieh Abbassi Daloii
Abstract
Aim: Heart performance declines with age and obesity. Aging and obesity a major risk factor toward the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aging heart undergoes several changes at the molecular, cellular and physiological levels, which diminishes its contractile function. The aim of the ...
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Aim: Heart performance declines with age and obesity. Aging and obesity a major risk factor toward the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aging heart undergoes several changes at the molecular, cellular and physiological levels, which diminishes its contractile function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and omega-3 on atrophy indices in the cardiomyocytes of elderly HFD rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (mean weight 148.82±18.24) were divided into 5 groups: Normal Diet (ND), High-Fat Diet (HFD), High-Fat Diet-Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet-Omega3 (HFDω3) and High-Fat Diet-Training-Omega3 (HFDTω3). The supplement groups received 1 g of Omega3 (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Aerobic exercise program including running on treadmill with an intensity of 50-60% oxygen consumption (VO2max), was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the P<0.05. Results: Significant decrease were seen in FoxO3a, MAFbx, and MuRF1 gene expression levels in HFDT (p=0.039, p=0.016, and p=0.043, respectively), HFDω3 (p=0.035, p=0.044, p=0.030, respectively), and HFDTω3 (p=0.0001, p=0.0001 and p=0.0001 respectively). Also, a significant decrease in FoxO3a expression was observed in the HFDTω3 group compared to HFDT (P=0.040) and HFDω3 (P=0.045). Conclusion: Aerobic training and omega-3 protected against HFD-induced cardiac atrophy in elderly rats, however, the combined effect of aerobic exercise and omega-3 was better.
Exercise Physiology
Nafiseh Hassanpour; amir ghanbarpour; Mohammad javad Pourvaghar; Mousa Khalafi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different doses of acute consumption of beetroot juice on anaerobic performance in trained individuals.Methodology: In a randomized (purposive and accessible) cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design, 9 subjects ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different doses of acute consumption of beetroot juice on anaerobic performance in trained individuals.Methodology: In a randomized (purposive and accessible) cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design, 9 subjects who were physically active for at least 150 minutes per week and for at least 6 months (age: 20.44±1.33 years, body mass index: 20.55±3.27 kg/m) volunteered to participate in the protocol during 3 weeks in a single session. 2 hours after consuming 70 mL or 140 mL of beetroot juice or 70 mL of placebo, participants completed the anaerobic power test based on running, Sargent jump test, Illinois agility test and the 36-meter speed test with a 10-minute rest interval. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that acute consumption of 70- and 140-ml doses of beet juice had no significant effect on anaerobic power, peak power, average power, minimum power, relative peak power, anaerobic capacity, fatigue index. In addition, acute consumption of 70 and 140 ml of beetroot juice did not have a significant effect on the speed, agility and explosive power of trained people.Conclusion: The results showed that the acute consumption of 70- and 140-ml doses of beet juice does not create any functional advantage for anaerobic power and its components, agility, speed and explosive power in trained people.
Exercise Physiology
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh; Mostafa Kazemi; Soraya Saeidi
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes leads to extensive cardiac fibrosis, which worsens as disease progresses, culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the effect of aerobic exercise (AT) and berberine chloride (BR) on the expression of TGF-β/Smad4 heart tissue in diabetic rats.Methods: In ...
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Aim: Diabetes leads to extensive cardiac fibrosis, which worsens as disease progresses, culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the effect of aerobic exercise (AT) and berberine chloride (BR) on the expression of TGF-β/Smad4 heart tissue in diabetic rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (276/09±17.03, 10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8): Diabetes (DM), Diabetes-Berberine (BRDM), Diabetes-Aerobic Training (ATDM), Diabetes-Aerobic Training-Berberine (ATBRDM). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin. Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program (at 10-18 m/min, 10-40 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for six weeks. Berberine chloride (30 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. At the end of six weeks-- heart tissue samples were collected. TGF-β and Smad4 gene expression levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05.Results: The results showed that AT, BR and AT-BR combination in diabetic rats significantly decreased TGF-β (p = 0. 0001)) and Smad4 (p = 0. 0001) in heart tissue. Also, a significant decreased the amount of this index was observed in the ATBRDM compared to the BRDM and ATDM groups (p <0.05).Conclusions: AT and BR by improving heart tissue fibrosis markers is an effective strategy to improve cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats with STZ. In addition, AT and BR supplementation showed a protective cardioprotective effect of reducing cardiac fibrosis markers.
Exercise Physiology
Zahra Esmaeili; Farzad Zehsaz; Alireza Nourazar
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to determine 2 months of combined exercise training on the expression of PERK and IRE1α genes in Wistar male rats' Vastus lateralis muscle.Method: The present study was conducted in a three-group experimental design with control group. 35 male Wistar rats were randomly ...
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Purpose: The present study aimed to determine 2 months of combined exercise training on the expression of PERK and IRE1α genes in Wistar male rats' Vastus lateralis muscle.Method: The present study was conducted in a three-group experimental design with control group. 35 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of control, endurance, strength, and endurance-strength and In addition to the control group, the next three groups participated in exercise exercises for two months. 48 hours after the last training session, and expression of PERK and IRE1α genes of Wistar male rats evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA at a significant level of P <0.05.Results: The results of this study showed that, after two months of endurance training, expression of IRE1α and PERK genes were significantly increased compared to the control group. Resistance training group did not have any effect on IRE1α gene expression but increased expression of PERK gene compared to control group. Also, the combined exercise group did not differ in the expression of IRE1α gene compared to the control group but increased the expression of PERK gene compared to the control group.
Exercise Physiology
Hannaneh khalili ateni; Rozita Fathi; khadijeh Nasiri; Abolfazl Akbari
Abstract
Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of ten weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract on PIK3R1gene expression and serum creatinine levels in male rats, after consuming Dexamethasone.Method: 25 male Wistar rats (371± 32 gr) were randomly divided into ...
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Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of ten weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract on PIK3R1gene expression and serum creatinine levels in male rats, after consuming Dexamethasone.Method: 25 male Wistar rats (371± 32 gr) were randomly divided into five groups including; control, dexamethasone, dexamethasone + safflower (500 mg/kg of body weight), dexamethasone + aerobic exercise (60 minutes, speed of 28m/min, 5 days a week), dexamethasone + safflower + aerobic exercise. Kidney damage was induced by subcutaneous injection of Dexamethasone (8 gr /kg of body weight) for 6 days. Results: Findings didn’t show a significant effect in the expression of PIK3R1 gene in different groups. Despite the observed changes in renal histology, dexamethasone caused insignificant changes in urea and uric acid. The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of consumption of safflower extract caused a significant decrease in urea and an insignificant increase in uric acid in mice with kidney damage. Also, 10 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly reduced urea, while causing an insignificant reduction in uric acid in mice with kidney damage. Despite changes in urea and uric acid, aerobic exercise and safflower extract can improve kidney damage.Conclusion: It seems that 10 weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract can be effective in improving kidney injury but the interveners in this study could not alter the expression of the PIK3R1 gene.
Exercise Physiology
Hafez Eynavi; Aboalhamid habibi; Rouhollah Ranjbar; Mohammad Rami
Abstract
Aim: Resistance exercise is Effective factor that stimulate anabolic and catabolic hormones. The ingestion of sport supplements before resistance exercise can affect the hormonal responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the ingestion of a pre-workout supplement and resistance exercise on hormonal ...
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Aim: Resistance exercise is Effective factor that stimulate anabolic and catabolic hormones. The ingestion of sport supplements before resistance exercise can affect the hormonal responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the ingestion of a pre-workout supplement and resistance exercise on hormonal responses.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover design, sixteen male physical education students (age: 22.9±1.7yr, weight: 67.8±4.0 kg, and BMI: 23.1±1.7 kgm2/) completed two resistance exercise sessions with one week washout period between each session. Participants consumed supplement or placebo 30 minutes before exercise. The supplement was a single scoop (6.5 g) of the C4 pre-workout (cellucor company), and the placebo was 6.5 g maltodextrin. Blood samples were taken before, immediately post, and after 1 hour pos-exercise to analyze growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and blood lactate. For analysis of data were used the repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.Results: The results had shown that there were no significant differences in acute responses of testosterone, cortisol, and blood lactate immediately post and one hour after resistance exercise between placebo and supplement conditions (p>0.05). However, the rise of growth hormone after exercise was higher in supplement condition than placebo condition (p<0.025).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the C4 supplement has no effective response on reducing lactate accumulation due to resistance exercise and has no consequence on buffering system, but can increase growth levels according to the enhancement of anabolic conditions in the body.
Exercise Physiology
Fahimeh Kazemi
Abstract
Aim: Portulaca oleracea has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. High-intensity interval training (HITT) leads to weight loss by increasing fat oxidation in shorter duration. In the present study, the effects of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HITT on glycemic control and dyslipidemia ...
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Aim: Portulaca oleracea has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. High-intensity interval training (HITT) leads to weight loss by increasing fat oxidation in shorter duration. In the present study, the effects of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HITT on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in obese female students was evaluated. Method: In an experimental study, 42 obese female students (average age: 23 years and body mass index (BMI): 31.78 ± 1.47 kg/m2) were selected and divided into four groups: control, supplement, training, and supplement with training. Supplement included two capsules of 0.5 g of Portulaca oleracea per day and training included HIIT (with an intensity of 75-90% of maximum heart rate) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indexes, plasma glucose and lipids were measured before and after the test. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: There was a significant difference between weight, BMI, glucose, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the four groups (P<0.05), so that weight, BMI, glucose, TG in three groups versus the control group decreased significantly and HDL-C increased significantly (P<0.05), and these changes were more in the supplement with training group than in the supplement and training groups alone. However, there was no significant difference between total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the four groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: The concomitant consumption of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HIIT can have more effect on improved glycemic control and decreased dyslipidemia in obese female students than the consumption of supplement and HIIT alone.
Exercise Physiology
Hamidreza Nayeri khoob
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity ...
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Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity exercise is not well known. The present study was done to examine the effect of regular resistance training on galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training. Eleven young men (age: 26.6±1.5 years old) volunteered to participate in this quasi study. One reparation maximum (1-RM) was measured and the subjects performed a heavy resistance exercise trial consisted of eight exercises (chest press, triceps extension, latissimus pull down, shoulder press, arm curls, leg extension, leg curls, and squat) of 8 repetitions with 3 sets at 80% of 1RM. Thereafter, all the subjects performed 3 sets of the same resistance training with 65-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. 48h after the last session of training, a bout of heavy resistance exercise was done again. Blood samples were taken at baseline and immediately after the heavy resistance exercise trials. The results demonstrated that galectin-3 increases after the first bout of heavy resistance exercise (P<0.05), while galectin-3 concentration reduce after the 8 weeks of regular resistance training and it remain low after the second bout of heavy resistance exercise. Generally, we can conclude that regular resistance exercise is effective to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training in young men.
Exercise Physiology
Nader Najafi; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Roghayyeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years ...
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Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, intermittent resistance training with low, moderate and high intensity. The subjects did their exercises for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 40%, 60% and 80% 1RM. 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels were measured. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks of intermittent resistance training with different intensities caused a significant difference in the levels of Dectin-1 (P=0.001), TLR4 (P=0.001) and TLR2 (P=0.001). P) in different groups. This difference is significant for the TLR4 in the moderate intensity (P=0.01) and high intensity (P=0.01) training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference in the TLR2 were seen in the low (P=0.001), medium (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) intensity training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference was observed in the moderate (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) exercise group compared to the control in dectin-1 level. Conclusion: It seems that intermittent resistance training with different intensities for 12 weeks can reduce Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels in obese men, and this improvement is better in high and medium intensities.
Exercise Physiology
Sahar Ghasemi Pour; Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in occurrence and side effects of many diseases .Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in the society and the economic and health consequences caused by it, the present study tries to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid on some pressure indicators.35 ...
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Oxidative stress is involved in occurrence and side effects of many diseases .Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in the society and the economic and health consequences caused by it, the present study tries to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid on some pressure indicators.35 4 weeks male C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups of high-fat diet to induce pre-diabetes and normal diet. After induction of prediabetes,after 12 weeks of high fat diet consumption the samples of this group were divided into groups without intervention, chlorogenic acid consumption, endurance training, endurance training and chlorogenic acid (n=7). The training protocol was performed incrementally . Chlorogenic acid at the rate of 110 mg per kilogram of mouse weight was given to the groups . 24 hours after the last training session and consumption of chlorogenic acid, tissue removal was done from the quadriceps skeletal muscle and after weighing, it was taken to the laboratory to measure GPX, NO, TAC and MDA. One-way ANOVA test at 0.05 level was used to analyze the data. Findings: Endurance training decreased GPX, NO, TAC, and MDA. Chlorogenic acid decreased GPX, NO, and increased TAC and MDA, and their simultaneous intervention increased GPX, TAC, and MDA and decreased NO.According to the findings of this research, it seems that endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid consumption can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to prevent oxidative stress in the body and its complications. It can also play a preventive role in diabetic patients.
Exercise Physiology
Amir Dadashzadeh; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Omid Azin Fam; Jabraeel Pouzesh Jadidi
Abstract
Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy ...
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Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy control, Ischemic cotrol, Curcumin, Training, Training+Curcumin(Concomitant). Aerobic training program were conducted for eight weeks (5 d/w) starting with running at a speed of 10 m/min, 5% incline for 10 min per day. The running speed and time were gradually increased up to 15-20 m/min per day. In the last two sessions, the intensity of aerobic training reached 25 m/min for 30 min per day with 2 min recovery period at 10 m/min. curcumin (200 mg/bw.day) were consumed through oral gavage for six weeks. The gene expression levels of miR-1 and miR-133 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR method and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of p <0.05. Results: In all four intervention groups, including ischemia control, exercise, curcumin and combination, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 in renal tissue increased significantly (p=0.001 in all groups) compared to the control group. However, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 genes in renal tissue after exercise caused a significant decrease and increase (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively) compared to the healthy control and ischemic control groups. Also, curcumin and Concomitant were associated with an increase in HIF-1α and BNIP3 gene expression in renal tissue
Exercise Physiology
Ensiyeh Yazdkhasti; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Reza Farzizadeh
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, low intensity Interval resistance training with low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity. In the continuation, the subjects of the resistance training group performed their training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 3 different intensities (40% 1RM with 20 repetitions, 60% 1RM with 12 repetitions and 80% 1RM with 20 repetitions) and 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last resistance training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NRG-4 were measured by ELISA. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks Interval resistance training decreased serum levels of IL-6 in group with high intensity (P=0.01) and increased serum levels of NRG-4 in exercise groups with different intensities(P=0.001) in obese men, but it had no significant effect on TNF-α levels (P=0.05). The dcrease in IL-6 and increase in neuroglin-4 levels in the high intensity Interval resistance training group (P=0.02) was the most compared to other groups (P=0.02 and P=0.001; respectively). Conclusion: It seems that Interval resistance training with different intensities can improve inflammatory indices and neuroglin-4 in obese people, and this improvement was more prominent in high-intensity resistance training.
Exercise Physiology
Mehdi Mogharnasi; Faezeh Memarzadeh; Ali Seghatoleslami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, 48 overweight and obese women with an age range of 20-40 years and a body mass index (BMI) between 25-34 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and divided into 4 groups: exercise + nettle, exercise + placebo, nettle and Placebo was divided. All measurements were done one stage before the start of the course and another stage after the course was finished. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed with SPSS software, and Shapiro-Wilk, T-correlated tests and one-way analysis of variance were used at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that after 6 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (p=0.105), total cholesterol (p=0.995), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.112), and low-density lipoprotein (0.506) p = ) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.965) did not show any significant difference between the research groups. But there was a significant difference in body weight (p=0.004), body mass index (p=0.010) and ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (p=0.000) among research groups. Conclusion: 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplementation can reduce body weight, body mass index and waist to hip ratio.
Exercise Physiology
mina shakhi; Aboalhamid habibi; aliakbar alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided ...
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Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided into two groups of 12 people, training and control. The selected exercise included resistance training with weights and a special bodybuilding machine with an intensity of 67 to 80% of the maximum strength and aerobic exercise with a stationary bike and an intensity of 60 to 85% of the maximum heart rate, for 8 weeks and 3 days a week. Body composition measurements were taken 24 hours before and 24 hours after exercise. For statistical analysis in the findings section, one-way analysis of covariance test was used to examine inter-group changes. Findings: The results of this study showed that after eight weeks of resistance and aerobic training, a significant decrease in the BMI of subjects in the training group was observed compared to the control group (P<0.001). Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that after eight weeks of selected training (resistance-aerobic) the two indexes of IGFBP3 and IGF1 in the training group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.006, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, both resistance and aerobic training methods can be used to reduce weight, BMI, IGFBP3 and IGF1.
Exercise Physiology
Mohammad Salmasi; Asghar Tofighi; Siamak Asri; Javad Tolouei Azar
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) Exercise; 4) Exercise+BPA; 5) Nanoparticle supplementation (Nano); 6) Nanoparticle+BPA (Nano+BPA); 7) Zinc oxide salt (Zno); 8) Zinc oxide salt+BPA (Zno+BPA); 9) Exercise+Nano; 10) Exercise+Nano+BPA; 11) Exercise+Zno; and 12) Exercise+Zno+BPA. The exercise program was performed for eight weeks with 50-75% VO2max for 25 to 64 minutes. Nanoparticles supplemented give with 5 mg/kg 5 days a week for eight weeks.Results: The activity of the antioxidant enzymes GPX, SOD and Catalase increase significantly in the BPA group in addition to the increase in the exercise group, but TAC status decreased significantly in the exercise group alone (p = 0.001) and Zno and NanoZno groups significantly increased this index compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.001). Interestingly, in MDA and AOPP, the BPA groups showed a significant increase in these variables, supplementation caused a significant decrease in these variables, and the highest reduction was in BPA+Nano and BPA+Zno (p = 0.001).Conclusion: BPA causes reactive changes in antioxidant capacity, it destroys total antioxidant capacity. However, oxidative index studies revealed that a combination of moderate-intensity exercise and zinc oxide supplements (especially supplementation alone) may alter the kinetics of BPA contamination by inhibiting the oxidative system and subsequently improving hepatocyte status.
Exercise Physiology
Siamak Rahbar; Sajad Ahmadizad; Hiwa Rahmani
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity ...
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Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol with L-arginine supplementation or placebo, where, two trials were separated by seven days. In each session, the subjects consumed 0.075 g per kg body weight of supplement or placebo which was dissolved in 400 ml of water, and 90 minutes later, performed HIIE as 12 intervals of 3-minute on treadmill (activity: 1-min, 100% of vVO2max, recovery: 2-min, 40% of vVO2max). To measure platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), three blood samples were taken before supplementation and immediately before and after HIIE.Results: Regardless of the type of supplement, HIIE increased PLT and PCT by 29 and 31%, respectively (P < 001), but did not have a significant effect on MPV and PDW. Furthermore, consumption of L-arginine 90 min prior to HIIE, inhibited PCT (P = 0.043) but had no effect on PLT.Conclusion: Intermittent nature and recovery periods in HIIE protocol did not significantly increase MPV and PDW in both sessions, which may be a reason for the safety of the HIIE. L-arginine supplementation prior to HIIE only reduced PCT, due to its inability to affect other indices, to achieve more accurate results further studies with more effective doses of supplementation are needed.
Exercise Physiology
Roghayeh Fakhrpour; Hamid Yazdanshenas
Abstract
Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid ...
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Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid metabolism. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 on serum levels of spexin and lipid profile indices of obese men. Methods: The present experimental study and its statistical sample were 30 obese men who were randomly assigned to two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise (15 people in each group). Aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise were performed for eight consecutive weeks. Before and after the start of the protocol, height, weight, maximum oxygen consumption blood sampling from the brachial vein were performed to evaluate the amount of spexin and lipid profile.Results: The inter-group results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SPX and total cholesterol between the two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise, so that by examining the difference in means, the greatest effect was after aerobic exercise. P = 0.001 and P = 0.005). But HDL levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=215).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is likely that aerobic exercise has a better effect on the serum levels of spexin and cholesterol in obese people than 10-20-30 exercises.
