Exercise Physiology
Fahimeh Kazemi
Abstract
Aim: Portulaca oleracea has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. High-intensity interval training (HITT) leads to weight loss by increasing fat oxidation in shorter duration. In the present study, the effects of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HITT on glycemic control and dyslipidemia ...
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Aim: Portulaca oleracea has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. High-intensity interval training (HITT) leads to weight loss by increasing fat oxidation in shorter duration. In the present study, the effects of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HITT on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in obese female students was evaluated. Method: In an experimental study, 42 obese female students (average age: 23 years and body mass index (BMI): 31.78 ± 1.47 kg/m2) were selected and divided into four groups: control, supplement, training, and supplement with training. Supplement included two capsules of 0.5 g of Portulaca oleracea per day and training included HIIT (with an intensity of 75-90% of maximum heart rate) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indexes, plasma glucose and lipids were measured before and after the test. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: There was a significant difference between weight, BMI, glucose, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the four groups (P<0.05), so that weight, BMI, glucose, TG in three groups versus the control group decreased significantly and HDL-C increased significantly (P<0.05), and these changes were more in the supplement with training group than in the supplement and training groups alone. However, there was no significant difference between total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the four groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: The concomitant consumption of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HIIT can have more effect on improved glycemic control and decreased dyslipidemia in obese female students than the consumption of supplement and HIIT alone.
Exercise Physiology
hamid malekshahiniya; Roohollah Mohammadi Mirzaei; Halimeh vahdatpoor; M Azarniveh
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of an interval training course on some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors of the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: In this research, 60 male rats were selected and made diabetic with nicotinamide ...
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Background: The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of an interval training course on some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors of the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: In this research, 60 male rats were selected and made diabetic with nicotinamide and streptozocin (STZ), and then randomly divided into 6 groups of 10: control, intermittent exercise, sham, intermittent exercise + saline, diabetic and diabetes + interval training were divided. The rats in the training groups performed an interval training program using a treadmill for 6 weeks and 5 days a week. Data analysis was done with one-way analysis of variance significant P≤0.05. Results: The results of this research showed that the levels of blood glucose, TNF-α and CRP in the intermittent exercise and diabetes+interval exercise groups had a significant decrease compared to the control and diabetes groups (P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.003 respectively). P) and insulin resistance index did not change significantly (P=0.21). Also, the amount of IL-10 in the intermittent exercise and diabetes+intermittent exercise groups had a significant increase compared to the control and diabetes groups, respectively (P=0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that interval training can be used as a therapeutic strategy to reduce the inflammatory factors TNF-α and CRP and increase the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in heart tissue of type 2 diabetic patients.
Exercise Physiology
Hamidreza Nayeri khoob
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity ...
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Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity exercise is not well known. The present study was done to examine the effect of regular resistance training on galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training. Eleven young men (age: 26.6±1.5 years old) volunteered to participate in this quasi study. One reparation maximum (1-RM) was measured and the subjects performed a heavy resistance exercise trial consisted of eight exercises (chest press, triceps extension, latissimus pull down, shoulder press, arm curls, leg extension, leg curls, and squat) of 8 repetitions with 3 sets at 80% of 1RM. Thereafter, all the subjects performed 3 sets of the same resistance training with 65-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. 48h after the last session of training, a bout of heavy resistance exercise was done again. Blood samples were taken at baseline and immediately after the heavy resistance exercise trials. The results demonstrated that galectin-3 increases after the first bout of heavy resistance exercise (P<0.05), while galectin-3 concentration reduce after the 8 weeks of regular resistance training and it remain low after the second bout of heavy resistance exercise. Generally, we can conclude that regular resistance exercise is effective to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training in young men.
Sports and health nutrition
Fatemeh Kazeminasab
Abstract
Background: The exercise training and vegetarian diets have been accepted as a suitable and non-pharmacological method to improve lifestyle and reduce metabolic diseases, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of aerobic exercise and vegetarian ...
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Background: The exercise training and vegetarian diets have been accepted as a suitable and non-pharmacological method to improve lifestyle and reduce metabolic diseases, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on insulin resistance factors.Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2022 for English articles. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on insulin resistance factors (fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR). Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random and fixed effect models. Also, the I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity, and the Funnel plot and Egger tests at a significant level of 0.1 were used to determine publication bias.Results: The results of meta-analysis of 29 studies with 10019 adults, showed that aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet significantly decreased in body weight [WMD=-4.49, (CI: -6.27 to -2.72), p=0.001], fasting serum glucose [SMD=-0.46, (CI: -0.65 to -0.27), p=0.001], serum insulin [SMD=-0.42, (CI: -0.52 to -0.32), p=0.001], and HOMA-IR [WMD=-0.73, (CI: -0.97 to -0.49), p=0.001].Conclusion: The findings of the present meta-analysis show the important role of exercise and vegetarian diet in improving insulin resistance. So, aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet are suggested as a non-drug approach for reducing fasting insulin and glucose for adults.
Exercise Physiology
Nader Najafi; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Roghayyeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years ...
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Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, intermittent resistance training with low, moderate and high intensity. The subjects did their exercises for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 40%, 60% and 80% 1RM. 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels were measured. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks of intermittent resistance training with different intensities caused a significant difference in the levels of Dectin-1 (P=0.001), TLR4 (P=0.001) and TLR2 (P=0.001). P) in different groups. This difference is significant for the TLR4 in the moderate intensity (P=0.01) and high intensity (P=0.01) training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference in the TLR2 were seen in the low (P=0.001), medium (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) intensity training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference was observed in the moderate (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) exercise group compared to the control in dectin-1 level. Conclusion: It seems that intermittent resistance training with different intensities for 12 weeks can reduce Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels in obese men, and this improvement is better in high and medium intensities.
Exercise Physiology
Sahar Ghasemi Pour; Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in occurrence and side effects of many diseases .Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in the society and the economic and health consequences caused by it, the present study tries to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid on some pressure indicators.35 ...
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Oxidative stress is involved in occurrence and side effects of many diseases .Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in the society and the economic and health consequences caused by it, the present study tries to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid on some pressure indicators.35 4 weeks male C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups of high-fat diet to induce pre-diabetes and normal diet. After induction of prediabetes,after 12 weeks of high fat diet consumption the samples of this group were divided into groups without intervention, chlorogenic acid consumption, endurance training, endurance training and chlorogenic acid (n=7). The training protocol was performed incrementally . Chlorogenic acid at the rate of 110 mg per kilogram of mouse weight was given to the groups . 24 hours after the last training session and consumption of chlorogenic acid, tissue removal was done from the quadriceps skeletal muscle and after weighing, it was taken to the laboratory to measure GPX, NO, TAC and MDA. One-way ANOVA test at 0.05 level was used to analyze the data. Findings: Endurance training decreased GPX, NO, TAC, and MDA. Chlorogenic acid decreased GPX, NO, and increased TAC and MDA, and their simultaneous intervention increased GPX, TAC, and MDA and decreased NO.According to the findings of this research, it seems that endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid consumption can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to prevent oxidative stress in the body and its complications. It can also play a preventive role in diabetic patients.
Exercise Physiology
Amir Dadashzadeh; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Omid Azin Fam; Jabraeel Pouzesh Jadidi
Abstract
Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy ...
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Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy control, Ischemic cotrol, Curcumin, Training, Training+Curcumin(Concomitant). Aerobic training program were conducted for eight weeks (5 d/w) starting with running at a speed of 10 m/min, 5% incline for 10 min per day. The running speed and time were gradually increased up to 15-20 m/min per day. In the last two sessions, the intensity of aerobic training reached 25 m/min for 30 min per day with 2 min recovery period at 10 m/min. curcumin (200 mg/bw.day) were consumed through oral gavage for six weeks. The gene expression levels of miR-1 and miR-133 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR method and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of p <0.05. Results: In all four intervention groups, including ischemia control, exercise, curcumin and combination, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 in renal tissue increased significantly (p=0.001 in all groups) compared to the control group. However, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 genes in renal tissue after exercise caused a significant decrease and increase (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively) compared to the healthy control and ischemic control groups. Also, curcumin and Concomitant were associated with an increase in HIF-1α and BNIP3 gene expression in renal tissue
Exercise Physiology
Ensiyeh Yazdkhasti; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Reza Farzizadeh
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, low intensity Interval resistance training with low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity. In the continuation, the subjects of the resistance training group performed their training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 3 different intensities (40% 1RM with 20 repetitions, 60% 1RM with 12 repetitions and 80% 1RM with 20 repetitions) and 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last resistance training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NRG-4 were measured by ELISA. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks Interval resistance training decreased serum levels of IL-6 in group with high intensity (P=0.01) and increased serum levels of NRG-4 in exercise groups with different intensities(P=0.001) in obese men, but it had no significant effect on TNF-α levels (P=0.05). The dcrease in IL-6 and increase in neuroglin-4 levels in the high intensity Interval resistance training group (P=0.02) was the most compared to other groups (P=0.02 and P=0.001; respectively). Conclusion: It seems that Interval resistance training with different intensities can improve inflammatory indices and neuroglin-4 in obese people, and this improvement was more prominent in high-intensity resistance training.
Hormonal and enzymatic functions in exercise
Javad Vakili; Saeed Nikookheslat; Mohammad Tanhaei; maryam akbari
Abstract
Objective: Training with blood flow restriction likely have a profound effect on growth related hormonal indices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks intermittent training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of growth hormone, IGF-1 and Lactate in amateur ...
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Objective: Training with blood flow restriction likely have a profound effect on growth related hormonal indices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks intermittent training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of growth hormone, IGF-1 and Lactate in amateur adolescent football players. Methodology: Therefor 24 amateur adolescent football players with age of 17/79±0/79 years-old, height of 175/41 ± 3/37 cm and weight of 69/12±4/49 kg were voluntarily selected and divided based on VO2max into two groups of control and experimental groups. The training protocol was performed in treadmill with intensity of 60-75% MHR, four sessions per week, in 400 meters, three sets in first week and four sets in second week. Recovery intervals was 60-80 seconds between exercise intervals. The thigh cuff pressure was set between 140 and 180 mmHg. Blood samples were gathered in two phases before of training protocol and 48h after last session of training for analyses of serum GH, IGF-1 levels and lactate immediately after the RAST anaerobic test. Independent and dependent T-test was used for data analyzing and significant level was set at p<0/05. Results: There was a significant increase in serum GH (p=0/016) and lactate (p=0/000) in BFR group. But there weren’t any difference between two group in serum IGF-1 after BFR and nonBFR training (P >0/05).Conclusion: it is concluded that intermittent trainings with BFR probably be more effective in enhancing adolescent’s growth indicators than intermittent training.
Exercise Physiology
Mehdi Mogharnasi; Faezeh Memarzadeh; Ali Seghatoleslami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, 48 overweight and obese women with an age range of 20-40 years and a body mass index (BMI) between 25-34 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and divided into 4 groups: exercise + nettle, exercise + placebo, nettle and Placebo was divided. All measurements were done one stage before the start of the course and another stage after the course was finished. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed with SPSS software, and Shapiro-Wilk, T-correlated tests and one-way analysis of variance were used at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that after 6 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (p=0.105), total cholesterol (p=0.995), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.112), and low-density lipoprotein (0.506) p = ) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.965) did not show any significant difference between the research groups. But there was a significant difference in body weight (p=0.004), body mass index (p=0.010) and ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (p=0.000) among research groups. Conclusion: 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplementation can reduce body weight, body mass index and waist to hip ratio.
Exercise Physiology
mina shakhi; Aboalhamid habibi; aliakbar alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided ...
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Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided into two groups of 12 people, training and control. The selected exercise included resistance training with weights and a special bodybuilding machine with an intensity of 67 to 80% of the maximum strength and aerobic exercise with a stationary bike and an intensity of 60 to 85% of the maximum heart rate, for 8 weeks and 3 days a week. Body composition measurements were taken 24 hours before and 24 hours after exercise. For statistical analysis in the findings section, one-way analysis of covariance test was used to examine inter-group changes. Findings: The results of this study showed that after eight weeks of resistance and aerobic training, a significant decrease in the BMI of subjects in the training group was observed compared to the control group (P<0.001). Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that after eight weeks of selected training (resistance-aerobic) the two indexes of IGFBP3 and IGF1 in the training group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.006, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, both resistance and aerobic training methods can be used to reduce weight, BMI, IGFBP3 and IGF1.
Exercise Physiology
Mohammad Salmasi; Asghar Tofighi; Siamak Asri; Javad Tolouei Azar
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) Exercise; 4) Exercise+BPA; 5) Nanoparticle supplementation (Nano); 6) Nanoparticle+BPA (Nano+BPA); 7) Zinc oxide salt (Zno); 8) Zinc oxide salt+BPA (Zno+BPA); 9) Exercise+Nano; 10) Exercise+Nano+BPA; 11) Exercise+Zno; and 12) Exercise+Zno+BPA. The exercise program was performed for eight weeks with 50-75% VO2max for 25 to 64 minutes. Nanoparticles supplemented give with 5 mg/kg 5 days a week for eight weeks.Results: The activity of the antioxidant enzymes GPX, SOD and Catalase increase significantly in the BPA group in addition to the increase in the exercise group, but TAC status decreased significantly in the exercise group alone (p = 0.001) and Zno and NanoZno groups significantly increased this index compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.001). Interestingly, in MDA and AOPP, the BPA groups showed a significant increase in these variables, supplementation caused a significant decrease in these variables, and the highest reduction was in BPA+Nano and BPA+Zno (p = 0.001).Conclusion: BPA causes reactive changes in antioxidant capacity, it destroys total antioxidant capacity. However, oxidative index studies revealed that a combination of moderate-intensity exercise and zinc oxide supplements (especially supplementation alone) may alter the kinetics of BPA contamination by inhibiting the oxidative system and subsequently improving hepatocyte status.
Exercise Physiology
Siamak Rahbar; Sajad Ahmadizad; Hiwa Rahmani
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity ...
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Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol with L-arginine supplementation or placebo, where, two trials were separated by seven days. In each session, the subjects consumed 0.075 g per kg body weight of supplement or placebo which was dissolved in 400 ml of water, and 90 minutes later, performed HIIE as 12 intervals of 3-minute on treadmill (activity: 1-min, 100% of vVO2max, recovery: 2-min, 40% of vVO2max). To measure platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), three blood samples were taken before supplementation and immediately before and after HIIE.Results: Regardless of the type of supplement, HIIE increased PLT and PCT by 29 and 31%, respectively (P < 001), but did not have a significant effect on MPV and PDW. Furthermore, consumption of L-arginine 90 min prior to HIIE, inhibited PCT (P = 0.043) but had no effect on PLT.Conclusion: Intermittent nature and recovery periods in HIIE protocol did not significantly increase MPV and PDW in both sessions, which may be a reason for the safety of the HIIE. L-arginine supplementation prior to HIIE only reduced PCT, due to its inability to affect other indices, to achieve more accurate results further studies with more effective doses of supplementation are needed.
Environmental stress in sports
mahdi faramoushi; Ramin Amirsasan; Vahid sari sarraf
Abstract
the aim of study was to investigate the effect of simulating staying at medium altitude along with consumption of thyme on the cardiomyopathy rate of type 2 diabetic rats and their simultaneous effect on liver enzymes.Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight. In ...
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the aim of study was to investigate the effect of simulating staying at medium altitude along with consumption of thyme on the cardiomyopathy rate of type 2 diabetic rats and their simultaneous effect on liver enzymes.Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight. In order to induce type 2 diabetes, streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally.Altitude group was alternately placed for eight weeks in night sleep conditions at a simulated altitude in a hypoxia chamber, and thyme group was supplemented with thyme in the form of 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract in 30 ml of drinking water. Cardiomyopathy was measured through two indices of apoptosis (western blot) and fibrosis (staining), and diabetic indices, liver enzymes using methods Calorimetry was measured by biochemistry company.Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of altitude and thyme reduce the fasting glucose level in diabetics (P<0.05). Also, the results of the multivariate analysis of variance test showed Apoptosis and fibrosis showed a significant decrease in myocardial with exposure to altitude and simultaneous consumption of thyme (p<0.025). Also, moderate altitude and consumption of thyme extract had no significant effect on the serum levels of ALT and AST transaminases.Conclusion: Simulated moderate altitude and consumption of thyme in this research decreased fasting blood sugar and on the other hand, by reducing apoptosis and fibrosis, it prevented cardiomyopathy in the heart of type 2 diabetic rats, but these two variables did not cause a significant decrease in ALT and AST enzymes.
Exercise Physiology
Roghayeh Fakhrpour; Hamid Yazdanshenas
Abstract
Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid ...
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Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid metabolism. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 on serum levels of spexin and lipid profile indices of obese men. Methods: The present experimental study and its statistical sample were 30 obese men who were randomly assigned to two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise (15 people in each group). Aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise were performed for eight consecutive weeks. Before and after the start of the protocol, height, weight, maximum oxygen consumption blood sampling from the brachial vein were performed to evaluate the amount of spexin and lipid profile.Results: The inter-group results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SPX and total cholesterol between the two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise, so that by examining the difference in means, the greatest effect was after aerobic exercise. P = 0.001 and P = 0.005). But HDL levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=215).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is likely that aerobic exercise has a better effect on the serum levels of spexin and cholesterol in obese people than 10-20-30 exercises.
Exercise Science
Aghaali Ghasemnian; ahmad azad; mohamadreza seraji vatan
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 70percent reduction in training loade during the tapering on serum levels of cortisol, testosterone and performance changes in trained swimmersMethods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 trained male swimmers were selected by available ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 70percent reduction in training loade during the tapering on serum levels of cortisol, testosterone and performance changes in trained swimmersMethods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 trained male swimmers were selected by available sampling method and participated voluntarily in the study. Then based on the record of 200m freestyle, the subjects were divided into two groups: Taper(n=10) and control(n=10). Both groups initially Participated in6 weeks in incremental exercises training. Then the taper group spent the 14-day period with a 70% reduction in training load and the control group continued training with the same load as before. In both groups, performance tests (upper and lower body strength) and blood samples (for measurement of serum testosterone, cortisol and testosterone / cortisol ratio) were taken at the beginning of the taper and after the end of this period. For determination of testosterone and cortisol levels, ELISA kits was used. Data were analyzed using, paired t-, and covariance tests. Results: The results indicated that after the tapering , there was a significant difference between the two groups in swimming performance (200m freestyle), upper and lower strength, serum cortisol levels, and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol(P< 0/05). However, there was no significant difference in testosterone levels between the two groups(P> 0/05).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that taper plan with 14-days, improved anabolic conditions and performance in trained swimmers.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Elnaz Sadeghpour Firozabadi; alireza barari
Abstract
Aim: Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are probably related to changes in sex hormones. Physical training is one of the effective factors in the changes of this axis. purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks of ResistanceTraining on free Testosterone serum levels, sex hormones binding ...
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Aim: Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are probably related to changes in sex hormones. Physical training is one of the effective factors in the changes of this axis. purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks of ResistanceTraining on free Testosterone serum levels, sex hormones binding globuline, Inhibin b and luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone in obese men students. Methods: For this purpose, 20 obese male students with aged range of 20 ± 2 years participated in this study and divided randomly into 2 groups 10 people of resistance training and control. Resistance training was performed for six weeks and three sessions per week in %60 to %70 repetition maximun. In order to analyze the biochemical variables, blood samples were taken at two stages, 48 hours before and after of training period. Inter group and between changes of information were performed by dependent and independent t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that resistance training led to a significant increase in free testosterone serum concentration and a significant increase in SHBG in obese men. But after six weeks of training, there were no significant changes in inhibin b, luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulation hormone. Conclusion: six weeks of resistance training with improved body composition, upper and lower body muscle strength and also aerobic power are associated with changes in sex hormones in obese men.
Sports and health nutrition
Seyyede Neda Delfani Hossein; Ali Barzegari; Saeid Naghibi; mohamad hassan dashty
Abstract
Objectives: Considering the protective and antioxidant properties of sports activities and quercetin supplementation on the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients who suffer from diabetes and metabolic disorders for a long time, the aim of this study is the effect of ...
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Objectives: Considering the protective and antioxidant properties of sports activities and quercetin supplementation on the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients who suffer from diabetes and metabolic disorders for a long time, the aim of this study is the effect of aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the levels of Adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in heart tissue of diabetic rats.Materials and methods: 50 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 237±33 grams were randomly divided into five groups of 10 including: healthy control, diabetes, diabetes+supplement, diabetes+exercise and diabetes+supplement+exercise. The protocol included eight weeks of High intensity aerobic exercise, five sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, and the supplement groups also received quercetin in the amount of 50 mg per kg of body weight by daily gavage. Changes in the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated using the ELISA. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in the values of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (P=0.001). The changes of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor between exercise+supplement, exercise and supplement with diabetes groups were also significantly different (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that the use of quercetin supplement and intense continuous training has led to an increase in the levels of adiponectin and VEGF in diabetic rats, and it indicates their importance in reducing risk factors in diabetes.
Sports supplements
ADEL DONYAEI; Khosrow Ebrahim; Hamid Rajabi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ribose supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) after repeated intensive exercise in wrestlers. Methodology: For this purpose 10 subjects with mean age (22±3 years) ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ribose supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) after repeated intensive exercise in wrestlers. Methodology: For this purpose 10 subjects with mean age (22±3 years) and BMI (23±2 kg/m2) voluntary participated in this study. Research was quasi-experimental and was done in double blind design. The protocol included 4 stages with 15 minutes of active rest; Each stage included three lower and upper extremity Wingate test and with alternative pattern with 1 min active rest between each test. First time ribose or placebo (1/0 gr per kg of body weight) were consumed. Also the second dose of supplement or placebo was give after the end of second stage of test and third dose was given after the completion of fourth stage. Blood sample was taken before and after and one hour after recovery. Findings: Data was analyzed with repeated measure (2×3) and the result showed that ribose supplementation decreased the concentration of MDA significantly after exercise (P=0/001). But regarding to observed result, TAC did not correlate to ribose consumption (P=0/07). Also XO was not related to ribose consumption (p=0/71). Conclusion: Generally it seems that ribose acute supplementation have significant effect on fat peroxidation index.
Exercise Metabolism
Ammar Rashet; Ahmad Abdi; alireza barari
Abstract
Background: Promoting regular exercise and a diet containing polyphenols are effective non-pharmacological approaches that prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we measured markers of inflammation and antioxidant after 8 weeks of exercise training (T), resveratrol (RSV) ...
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Background: Promoting regular exercise and a diet containing polyphenols are effective non-pharmacological approaches that prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we measured markers of inflammation and antioxidant after 8 weeks of exercise training (T), resveratrol (RSV) treatment, or combination treatment in rat model of AD.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Normal (NO), Alzheimer's (AD), Alzheimer's-Training (ADT), Alzheimer's-Resveratrol (ADRSV) and Alzheimer's-Training-Resveratrol (ADTRSV). The supplement groups received 20 mg of RSV (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Aerobic exercise program including running on treadmill with a speed of 6-18 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks. Results: AD induction caused a significant decrease in antioxidant indices (Gpx, SOD and CAT) and increased MDA, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β (p=0.0001). Exercise and RSV decreased and increased the antioxidant indices and the expression of inflammatory factors (p<0.05). It was also observed a significant increase in Gpx and SOD levels in the ADTRSV compared to the ADT (p=0.043, p=0.041) and ADRSV (p=0.026, p=0.035, respectively). The expression of NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly decreased in ADTRSV compared to ADT (p=0.040 and p=0.041) and ADRSV (p=0.044 and p=0.034).Conclusion: T and RSV play a role in the improvement and treatment of AD by affecting inflammation and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the effect of the combination of exercise and supplementation was greater.
Exercise Physiology
Sara Shahsavari Babokani; Hamid Mohebbi
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted to determine the influence of nutrition and aerobic exercise on the signaling pathway of ER stress in the liver. Methods: A total of 18 male wistar rats, aged 5 weeks and weighing approximately 167 grams, were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat ...
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Aim: This study was conducted to determine the influence of nutrition and aerobic exercise on the signaling pathway of ER stress in the liver. Methods: A total of 18 male wistar rats, aged 5 weeks and weighing approximately 167 grams, were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet with aerobic exercise (HFD+EX). The rats in the HFD+EX group underwent exercise training three times per week for 12 weeks with an intensity of 68-80% of their maximum aerobic velocity. After completing the training, liver tissue samples were collected from all rats to measure the expression changes of Chop, Atf6, Perk, and Bax genes, as well as liver fat accumulation. Data analysis was conducted using the one-way ANOVA test. Finding: Higher liver fat content and higher expression of Chop, Atf6, Perk, and Bax, was observed in the HFD rats. In the HFD+EX group, liver fat content, Chop and Perk gene expression were lower than in the HFD group. In the HFD+EX group reduction of Atf6 and Bax genes, was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: High fat diet can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway by elevating ER stress. This can lead to high expression of the Bax gene in liver cells. However, regular exercise can be an effective way to prevent the accumulation of liver fat by reducing UPR activation. This is due to its potential to lower the expression of Chop, Atf6, and Perk gene.
Physical activity and wellness
Ali Shabani Fard; Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh; Aliakbar Alizadeh; Rouhollah Ranjbar
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the levels of SERCA2 and Akt proteins in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: In the present study, 40 male rats with an age of 8 weeks and an ...
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AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the levels of SERCA2 and Akt proteins in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: In the present study, 40 male rats with an age of 8 weeks and an average weight of 200-220 grams were randomly divided into four groups, each group including 10 rats: 1 - healthy control (saline): 2 - type 2 diabetic control, 3 training groups and 4- the diabetes training group was divided into type 2. After a period of high-fat diet and then induction of diabetes with STZ (a dose of 35mg/kg), exercise program 4-10) two-minute intervals with They did 80-95 maximum speed intensity for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. Tissue samples were taken 48 hours after the last training session to check the levels of SERCA2 and Akt proteins using western blot method. One-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis.Findings: The protein expression of SERCA2 and Akt significantly decreased in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to healthy rats(P>0.0001). Eight weeks of training significantly increased the protein expression of SERCA2 and Akt in the diabetic and healthy groups compared to the group increased control.
Sports and health nutrition
Elaheh Piralaiy; Ramin Amirsasan; zeinab ali bakhsi fard; Siamak Rahbar
Abstract
Background& purpose: Strenuous sports activities increase oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the impact of a two-week supplementation of pomegranate seed powder on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical performance in female volleyball players following a volleyball tournament. ...
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Background& purpose: Strenuous sports activities increase oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the impact of a two-week supplementation of pomegranate seed powder on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical performance in female volleyball players following a volleyball tournament. Methods: Twelve female volleyball players voluntarily participated in this experimental study and were randomly assigned to two groups: pomegranate seed powder supplement or placebo. Both groups underwent two weeks of specific volleyball training and consumed either the supplement or placebo capsules twice a day (one in the morning and one in the afternoon) for two weeks. After one week of washout, the groups were switched to the opposite supplement or placebo for another two weeks. The following biomarkers were measured at three stages: baseline, 24 hours after the last day of the two-week supplementation, and after the tournament. Results: Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate seed powder supplement resulted in significant improvements in the base values of MDA (p=0.04), TAC (p=0.001), creatinine (p=0.043), and uric acid (p=0.03), and there is a significant difference in the response of MDA, creatinine and urea to an intense volleyball match between placebo and supplementation conditions (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that dry pomegranate seed powder can be effective in preventing oxidative stress and kidney damage in athletes by reducing the oxidative and inflammatory effects caused by intense activity due to being rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory elements.
Exercise Metabolism
ABAZAR Teimoori; Mahdieh Jamshidpour; Azadeh abdolalahzadeh; mahnoosh shahbani nazari
Abstract
Aim: Menopause is a natural physiological process of the body, but the changes caused by the decrease of estrogen during this period may cause damage to the hippocampus of some women and affect their quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing resistance ...
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Aim: Menopause is a natural physiological process of the body, but the changes caused by the decrease of estrogen during this period may cause damage to the hippocampus of some women and affect their quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing resistance training and vitamin C nanoliposome supplementation on the expression of genes involved in autophagy of hippocampal tissue of orectomized rats.Methods32 ovariectomized 24-month-old rats were divided into 4 groups: control, supplement (vitamin C nanoliposome), combined (resistance training + supplementation and training). Resistance training included eight weeks of moderate intensity ladder training (70% of MVCC) and five days a week. In the supplement groups, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks, vitamin C supplement was received in the amount of 100 mg per kilogram of body weight. PRDX6 and GCN5L1 Hippocampal tissue was obtained using Real-time PCR method and statistical analysis was performed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.Finding: The results showed a significant increase in PRDX6 and GNC5L1 gene expression in the hippocampus in the training and combined groups compared to the control and supplement groups (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (p=0.109).Conclusion: Resistance training and vitamin C supplementation seem to play an important role in the processes leading to menopause by increasing the expression of the key regulator of mitophagy and inhibiting the phosphorylation of estrogen receptors.Key words: resistance training, vitamin C, autophagyو orectomy.
Exercise Physiology
Armin Farahnak; Javad Mehrabani; Hamid Arazi
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The effect of exercise training on supplying the energy needs of muscle tissues is one of the important questions in training adaptation. Along with exercise, taking some nutrition supplements can improve cellular function. Combining supplements together with concurrent training ...
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Introduction and purpose: The effect of exercise training on supplying the energy needs of muscle tissues is one of the important questions in training adaptation. Along with exercise, taking some nutrition supplements can improve cellular function. Combining supplements together with concurrent training is a new considerable approach. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic-resistance trainings and mixed supplementation (L-arginine/caffeine/L-carnitine) on angiogenic factors and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (VEGF and HIF-1a) in inactive obese men.Methods: 28 inactive obese men (age 37.02±3.89, height 1.74±0.66 and BMI 34.04±1.24) were randomly were divided into three groups of aerobic-resistance training/combined supplementation (n: 10), aerobic-resistance training/placebo (n: 9) and combined supplement/detraining (n: 9). Aerobic (30 min 55-75% HRmax), resistance trainings (40-45 min/50-70% 1-RM) and a mixed supplement were including 1000 mg of L-arginine, 200 mg of caffeine and 1000 mg of L-carnitine that were performed during 10 weeks (3 session a week).Findings: The results of the MANCOVA test showed that the aerobic-resistance exercises training with moderate intensity in intraction with the mixed supplement (L-arginine/caffeine/L-carnitine) significantly increased the blood levels of angiogenesis indicators including VEGF (p=0.001) and significantly decreased the levels of HIF1-a (p=0.0001) in inactive obese men.Conclusion: In summary, the results of the present study showed that the aerobic-resistance training with moderate intensity in intraction with the mixed supplement (L-arginine/caffeine/L-carnitine) were increased angiogenic and hypoxi istimulation factors in inactive obese men.
