University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The Effect of a Whole Body Vibration Course on Some serum inflammatory indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Hypothyroidism The Effect of a Whole Body Vibration Course on Some serum inflammatory indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Hypothyroidism 1 19 7879 10.22124/jme.2024.26367.344 FA Amir Khosravi University faculty member Rima Shayan Nasab MSC of physical Education, Tabriz Education Office District II, Tabriz, Iran Eisa Naebi Alamdari 3 MSC of Islamic azad university. Marand brach.marand. iran Journal Article 2024 01 01 Introduction: hypothyroidism in addition to menopause has a double effect on increasing inflammation in postmenopausal women, sports activity reduces inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of The Effect of a Whole Body Vibration Course on Some serum inflammatory indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Hypothyroidism. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism aged 46 to 57 were selected from Khorramabad city and divided into two groups of 10: control (C) and whole body vibration training (V). Group V performed these exercises for 12 weeks and three times a week, with a frequency of 30 to 50 Hz, with a range of 1 to 2 mm, applying 20 to 30 minutes of vibration and 5 to 15 minutes of upper and lower limb training. At the beginning and end of the study, blood serum TNF-α and CRP levels were measured using the ELISA method, body fat percentage, body mass index, and body weight. Due to the normality of data distribution, independent t and covariance statistical methods were used for analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 12 weeks of whole body vibration training in group V significantly decreased the serum levels of TNF-α (P=0.0031), CRP (P=0.026), body fat percentage (P=0.041), body mass index (P=0.044) and weight (P=0.047) compared to the control group. Conclusions: It seems that vibration training may reduce inflammation in postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism by reducing body weight and fat levels. Introduction: hypothyroidism in addition to menopause has a double effect on increasing inflammation in postmenopausal women, sports activity reduces inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of The Effect of a Whole Body Vibration Course on Some serum inflammatory indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Hypothyroidism. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism aged 46 to 57 were selected from Khorramabad city and divided into two groups of 10: control (C) and whole body vibration training (V). Group V performed these exercises for 12 weeks and three times a week, with a frequency of 30 to 50 Hz, with a range of 1 to 2 mm, applying 20 to 30 minutes of vibration and 5 to 15 minutes of upper and lower limb training. At the beginning and end of the study, blood serum TNF-α and CRP levels were measured using the ELISA method, body fat percentage, body mass index, and body weight. Due to the normality of data distribution, independent t and covariance statistical methods were used for analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 12 weeks of whole body vibration training in group V significantly decreased the serum levels of TNF-α (P=0.0031), CRP (P=0.026), body fat percentage (P=0.041), body mass index (P=0.044) and weight (P=0.047) compared to the control group. Conclusions: It seems that vibration training may reduce inflammation in postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism by reducing body weight and fat levels.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_7879_4c2830109da6343094db566c9f44aa06.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats The effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats 20 34 7888 10.22124/jme.2024.26222.338 FA Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran. Somaye Rostamian Dolat Shanlo Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran Ali Yaghobi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran. Journal Article 2023 12 08 Introduction: One of the common disorders in old age is age-related muscle atrophy or sarcopenia, which leads to a decrease in muscle mass in old age. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats. Methods: 30 elderly male rats, aged 18 months, were randomly divided into 3 control groups (10), endurance training (10) and resistance training (10). In the endurance group, the exercises were performed on the treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week, and the resistance group performed the exercises on the ladder for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session and after overnight fasting, all the aged male rats were killed and tissue was removed from the biceps muscle. Then, the expression level of MURF1 and mTOR genes was measured using the reference gene by Real Time PCR method. Data analysis was done by one-way variance test and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software. Analysis of variance test showed that the expression levels of mTOR and MURF1 genes are significantly different in different groups (P≤0.05). Results: The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the control and resistance groups, and resistance training has a greater effect than endurance training. The present study showed that resistance training has a greater effect on the activation of autophagy pathways in skeletal muscle than endurance training. Conclusions: Therefore, it is possible that resistance training can inhibit the development of sarcopenia in old age by improving factors related to muscle atrophy. Introduction: One of the common disorders in old age is age-related muscle atrophy or sarcopenia, which leads to a decrease in muscle mass in old age. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats. Methods: 30 elderly male rats, aged 18 months, were randomly divided into 3 control groups (10), endurance training (10) and resistance training (10). In the endurance group, the exercises were performed on the treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week, and the resistance group performed the exercises on the ladder for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session and after overnight fasting, all the aged male rats were killed and tissue was removed from the biceps muscle. Then, the expression level of MURF1 and mTOR genes was measured using the reference gene by Real Time PCR method. Data analysis was done by one-way variance test and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software. Analysis of variance test showed that the expression levels of mTOR and MURF1 genes are significantly different in different groups (P≤0.05). Results: The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the control and resistance groups, and resistance training has a greater effect than endurance training. The present study showed that resistance training has a greater effect on the activation of autophagy pathways in skeletal muscle than endurance training. Conclusions: Therefore, it is possible that resistance training can inhibit the development of sarcopenia in old age by improving factors related to muscle atrophy.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_7888_9d2d471c0dd3a31309f55b7282a838e7.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of 10 weeks of resistance training in combination with green tea supplement on MDA, TAC and lipid profile in overweight adults The effect of 10 weeks of resistance training in combination with green tea supplement on MDA, TAC and lipid profile in overweight adults 35 54 7908 10.22124/jme.2024.27342.362 FA Mahsa Kahvand University of Kurdistan Hassan Faraji Department of physical education and sport sciences, Islamic Azad University, Marivan Branch, Marivan, Iran Dariush Sheikholeslami-Vatani Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 29 Introduction: The effect of green tea supplementation and resistance training on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid profile is not well known. The present study investigated the effect of green tea supplementation with and without resistance training on the levels of MDA, TAC and lipid profiles of overweight men and women. Methodology: The statistical sample of this research was 35 men and women (age: 37.9±4.7, body mass index: 28.6±2.2) middle-aged volunteers and overweight, who were randomly divided into three exercise groups + Placebo, green tea and exercise + green tea were included. Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week in 7 movements and with 70% intensity of one maximum repetition. The subjects of the green tea group consumed 2 tablets of 500 mg of green tea daily and after each meal. The exercise group + placebo, under the same conditions, consumed maltodextrin. 48 hours before and after the intervention, blood sampling was done under fasting conditions. Results: Triglyceride and HDL did not change significantly in any group (p<0.05). TAC and MDA levels increased (p=0.012) and decreased (p=0.003) only in the exercise + green tea group. Total cholesterol was reduced in all three groups of exercise + green tea (p=0.006), exercise + placebo (p=0.001) and green tea (p=0.020). LDL decreased only in the exercise + green tea group (p=0.009). Conclusion: 10-weeks consumption of green tea supplement along with resistance training has better effects than consumption of green tea alone on oxidative and anti-oxidant indices and also improving lipid profile of overweight people. Introduction: The effect of green tea supplementation and resistance training on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid profile is not well known. The present study investigated the effect of green tea supplementation with and without resistance training on the levels of MDA, TAC and lipid profiles of overweight men and women. Methodology: The statistical sample of this research was 35 men and women (age: 37.9±4.7, body mass index: 28.6±2.2) middle-aged volunteers and overweight, who were randomly divided into three exercise groups + Placebo, green tea and exercise + green tea were included. Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week in 7 movements and with 70% intensity of one maximum repetition. The subjects of the green tea group consumed 2 tablets of 500 mg of green tea daily and after each meal. The exercise group + placebo, under the same conditions, consumed maltodextrin. 48 hours before and after the intervention, blood sampling was done under fasting conditions. Results: Triglyceride and HDL did not change significantly in any group (p<0.05). TAC and MDA levels increased (p=0.012) and decreased (p=0.003) only in the exercise + green tea group. Total cholesterol was reduced in all three groups of exercise + green tea (p=0.006), exercise + placebo (p=0.001) and green tea (p=0.020). LDL decreased only in the exercise + green tea group (p=0.009). Conclusion: 10-weeks consumption of green tea supplement along with resistance training has better effects than consumption of green tea alone on oxidative and anti-oxidant indices and also improving lipid profile of overweight people.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_7908_0fdf821e068c77892bb54f7f9820edaf.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The Effect of Resistance, HIIT and Combined Training on microRNAs Associated with Obesity in Obese and Overweight Adolescent Boys The Effect of Resistance, HIIT and Combined Training on microRNAs Associated with Obesity in Obese and Overweight Adolescent Boys 55 71 8049 10.22124/jme.2024.28049.372 FA Javid Nuri PhD candidate of exercise physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Saeid Nikokheslat Associate professor of exercise physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mostafa Khani Assistant professor of exercise physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Javad Vakili Associate professor of exercise physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 30 Introduction: The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training, resistance and combined training on hormonal factors and microRNAs related to obesity in obese adolescent boys. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 36 healthy, sedentary boys (age range: 13-15 years; BMI: 28-31 Kg/m2; Fat Percent: 32-36%) were divided into four homogeneous groups of intense, resistance and combined intermittent exercise and control (no activity) based on aerobic capacity and fat percentage. Each HIIT session consisted of 6-8 repetitions of 30-60 second sprints at 80-85% (three minutes rest between repetitions). Resistance training included movements of the main muscles of the upper body, trunk and lower body. Combined training consisted of a combination of resistance training and HIIT. The changes of the related indicators during different stages of measurement were analyzed with a 3×2 analysis of variance, bonferroni post hoc as appropriate and independent t-tests using SPSS22 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that after completing all three training protocols, the expression levels of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 decreased significantly compared to the pre-test stage. Also, only in the combined group, a significant difference was observed between the expression changes of miRNA-133a and miRNA-1 with the resistance training group, but the expression levels of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 did not differ between the combined group and the HIIT group. Conclusion: It seems that combination of HIIT and resistance training could facilitate body weight and obesity control. Introduction: The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training, resistance and combined training on hormonal factors and microRNAs related to obesity in obese adolescent boys. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 36 healthy, sedentary boys (age range: 13-15 years; BMI: 28-31 Kg/m2; Fat Percent: 32-36%) were divided into four homogeneous groups of intense, resistance and combined intermittent exercise and control (no activity) based on aerobic capacity and fat percentage. Each HIIT session consisted of 6-8 repetitions of 30-60 second sprints at 80-85% (three minutes rest between repetitions). Resistance training included movements of the main muscles of the upper body, trunk and lower body. Combined training consisted of a combination of resistance training and HIIT. The changes of the related indicators during different stages of measurement were analyzed with a 3×2 analysis of variance, bonferroni post hoc as appropriate and independent t-tests using SPSS22 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that after completing all three training protocols, the expression levels of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 decreased significantly compared to the pre-test stage. Also, only in the combined group, a significant difference was observed between the expression changes of miRNA-133a and miRNA-1 with the resistance training group, but the expression levels of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 did not differ between the combined group and the HIIT group. Conclusion: It seems that combination of HIIT and resistance training could facilitate body weight and obesity control.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8049_1987d0f004e9172d1f954b53d0144f89.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes The effect of aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes 71 91 8276 10.22124/jme.2024.24566.301 FA Seyyede Neda Delfani Hossein Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Payame Noor UniversityTehran, Iran Ali Barzegari Associated Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Payame Noor UniversityTehran, Iran Saeid Naghibi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Payame Noor UniversityTehran, Iran 0000-0001-5591-1678 Mohamad Hassan Dashty Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Payame Noor UniversityTehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 22 Introduction: Considering the protective and antioxidant properties of exercise training and its contradictory effects on the dependent variables studied in patients suffering from diabetes and taking chemical drugs for a long time, the aim of this study was the effect of a period of high-intensity aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Methods: 50 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 237±33 grams were randomly divided into five groups of 10 including: healthy control, diabetes, diabetes+supplement, diabetes+exercise and diabetes+supplement+exercise. The protocol included eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, five sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, and the supplement groups also received quercetin in the amount of 50 mg per kg of body weight by daily gavage. Changes in the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated using the ELISA. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in the values of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (P=0.001). The changes of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor between exercise+supplement, exercise and supplement with diabetes groups were also significantly different (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that the use of quercetin supplement and intense continuous training has led to an increase in the levels of adiponectin and VEGF in diabetic rats, and it indicates their importance in reducing risk factors in diabetes. Introduction: Considering the protective and antioxidant properties of exercise training and its contradictory effects on the dependent variables studied in patients suffering from diabetes and taking chemical drugs for a long time, the aim of this study was the effect of a period of high-intensity aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Methods: 50 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 237±33 grams were randomly divided into five groups of 10 including: healthy control, diabetes, diabetes+supplement, diabetes+exercise and diabetes+supplement+exercise. The protocol included eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, five sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, and the supplement groups also received quercetin in the amount of 50 mg per kg of body weight by daily gavage. Changes in the levels of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated using the ELISA. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in the values of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (P=0.001). The changes of adiponectin and vascular endothelial growth factor between exercise+supplement, exercise and supplement with diabetes groups were also significantly different (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that the use of quercetin supplement and intense continuous training has led to an increase in the levels of adiponectin and VEGF in diabetic rats, and it indicates their importance in reducing risk factors in diabetes.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8276_016d86bd0d7991c095e0f6a6bc8dee3c.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of acute ribose supplementation on Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Lipid Peroxidation index (MDA) and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) after repeated intensive exercise The effect of acute ribose supplementation on Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Lipid Peroxidation index (MDA) and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) after repeated intensive exercise 92 104 8277 10.22124/jme.2024.25488.321 FA ADEL DONYAEI Assistant Professor of Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahrood University of Technology Khosrow Ebrahim Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University Hamid Rajabi Associate Professor of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of kharazmi Tehran 0000-0002-3276-1598 Journal Article 2023 09 06 Introduction: Considering the various effects of ribose supplementation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ribose on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation index (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) after repeated intensive exercise. Methodology: For this purpose 10 subjects with mean age (22±3 years) and BMI (23±2 kg/m2) voluntary participated in this study. Research was quasi-experimental and was done in double blind design. The protocol included 4 stages with 15 minutes of active rest; Each stage included three lower and upper extremity Wingate test and with alternative pattern with 1 min active rest between each test. First time ribose or placebo (0/1 gr per kg of body weight) were consumed. Also the second dose of supplement or placebo was give after the end of second stage of test and third dose was given after the completion of fourth stage. Blood sample was taken before and after and one hour after recovery. Findings: Data was analyzed with repeated measure (2×3) and the result showed that ribose supplementation decreased the concentration of MDA significantly after exercise (P=0/001). But regarding to observed result, TAC did not correlate to ribose consumption (P=0/07). Also XO was not related to ribose consumption (p=0/71). Conclusion: Generally it seems that ribose may prevent oxidative stress by entering the pentose phosphate cycle and restoring glutathione reserves Introduction: Considering the various effects of ribose supplementation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ribose on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation index (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) after repeated intensive exercise. Methodology: For this purpose 10 subjects with mean age (22±3 years) and BMI (23±2 kg/m2) voluntary participated in this study. Research was quasi-experimental and was done in double blind design. The protocol included 4 stages with 15 minutes of active rest; Each stage included three lower and upper extremity Wingate test and with alternative pattern with 1 min active rest between each test. First time ribose or placebo (0/1 gr per kg of body weight) were consumed. Also the second dose of supplement or placebo was give after the end of second stage of test and third dose was given after the completion of fourth stage. Blood sample was taken before and after and one hour after recovery. Findings: Data was analyzed with repeated measure (2×3) and the result showed that ribose supplementation decreased the concentration of MDA significantly after exercise (P=0/001). But regarding to observed result, TAC did not correlate to ribose consumption (P=0/07). Also XO was not related to ribose consumption (p=0/71). Conclusion: Generally it seems that ribose may prevent oxidative stress by entering the pentose phosphate cycle and restoring glutathione reserves

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8277_ba718fac4607d154473872da4c7d0ffb.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of aerobic training with resveratrol on the inflammatory and antioxidant indices of the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease The effect of aerobic training with resveratrol on the inflammatory and antioxidant indices of the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease 105 125 8278 10.22124/jme.2024.26320.342 FA Ammar Rashet Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran Ahmad Abdi Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran. Alireza Barari department of sport physiology,ayatollah amoli branch,,islamic azad university Journal Article 2023 12 21 Introduction: To date, there is no cure or effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Promoting regular exercise and a diet containing polyphenols are effective non-pharmacological approaches that prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, inflammation and antioxidant markers were examined after eight weeks of exercise training (T), treatment with resveratrol (RSV), or a combination treatment in an Alzheimer's disease rat model. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats (weight 223.17±9.07 grams and eight weeks old) were divided into 5 groups: Normal (NO), Alzheimer's (AD), Alzheimer's-Training (ADT), Alzheimer's-Resveratrol (ADRSV) and Alzheimer's-Training-Resveratrol (ADTRSV). Alzheimer's was induced using two microliters of amyloid-beta. The supplement groups received 20 mg of RSV (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Aerobic exercise program including running on treadmill with a speed of 6-18 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks. Antioxidant indices were measured using fluorimetry and spectrophotometry, while gene expression was assessed by the RT-PCR method. Results: AD induction caused a significant decrease in antioxidant indices (GPx, SOD and CAT) and increased MDA, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β (p=0.0001). Exercise and RSV decreased and increased the antioxidant indices and the expression of inflammatory factors (p<0.05). It was also observed a significant increase in Gpx and SOD levels in the ADTRSV compared to the ADT (p=0.043, p=0.041) and ADRSV (p=0.026, p=0.035, respectively). The expression of NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly decreased in ADTRSV compared to ADT (p=0.040 and p=0.041) and ADRSV (p=0.044 and p=0.034). Conclusion: Aerobic training and resveratrol may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Introduction: To date, there is no cure or effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Promoting regular exercise and a diet containing polyphenols are effective non-pharmacological approaches that prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, inflammation and antioxidant markers were examined after eight weeks of exercise training (T), treatment with resveratrol (RSV), or a combination treatment in an Alzheimer's disease rat model. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats (weight 223.17±9.07 grams and eight weeks old) were divided into 5 groups: Normal (NO), Alzheimer's (AD), Alzheimer's-Training (ADT), Alzheimer's-Resveratrol (ADRSV) and Alzheimer's-Training-Resveratrol (ADTRSV). Alzheimer's was induced using two microliters of amyloid-beta. The supplement groups received 20 mg of RSV (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Aerobic exercise program including running on treadmill with a speed of 6-18 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks. Antioxidant indices were measured using fluorimetry and spectrophotometry, while gene expression was assessed by the RT-PCR method. Results: AD induction caused a significant decrease in antioxidant indices (GPx, SOD and CAT) and increased MDA, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β (p=0.0001). Exercise and RSV decreased and increased the antioxidant indices and the expression of inflammatory factors (p<0.05). It was also observed a significant increase in Gpx and SOD levels in the ADTRSV compared to the ADT (p=0.043, p=0.041) and ADRSV (p=0.026, p=0.035, respectively). The expression of NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly decreased in ADTRSV compared to ADT (p=0.040 and p=0.041) and ADRSV (p=0.044 and p=0.034). Conclusion: Aerobic training and resveratrol may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8278_b23bb4b812bedced0f65bd669a752dd5.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent aerobic training on the levels of SERCA2 and Akt proteins Cardiomyocytes of rats with type 2 diabetes The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent aerobic training on the levels of SERCA2 and Akt proteins Cardiomyocytes of rats with type 2 diabetes 125 144 8280 10.22124/jme.2024.27067.354 FA Ali Shabani Fard Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh . Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Aliakbar Alizadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Rouhollah Ranjbar Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 19 Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the levels of SERCA2a and Akt proteins in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: In the present study, 40 male rats with an age of 8 weeks and an average weight of 200-220 grams were divided into four groups: 1- healthy control (saline); 2- diabetes control; 3- Healthy exercise group and 4- Diabetic exercise group. After eight weeks of high-fat diet and then induction of diabetes with STZ (one dose of 35 mg/kg), they did the exercise program for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, heart tissue was extracted and protein levels were checked using western blot method. To analyze the data, after performing the two-way ANOVA test to investigate the interactive effect of diabetes and exercise, one-way ANOVA test was used to investigate the changes between groups. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered. SPSS version 25 software was used for data analysis. Results: The protein expression of SERCA2a and Akt decreased significantly in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to healthy rats (P<0.0001). Eight weeks of training significantly increased SERCA2a and Akt protein expression in diabetic and healthy groups compared to control groups. Conclusion: The results showed that HIIT exercises can possibly moderate the adverse changes caused by diabetes in the expression of these proteins and is promising as a non-pharmacological strategy. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the levels of SERCA2a and Akt proteins in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: In the present study, 40 male rats with an age of 8 weeks and an average weight of 200-220 grams were divided into four groups: 1- healthy control (saline); 2- diabetes control; 3- Healthy exercise group and 4- Diabetic exercise group. After eight weeks of high-fat diet and then induction of diabetes with STZ (one dose of 35 mg/kg), they did the exercise program for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, heart tissue was extracted and protein levels were checked using western blot method. To analyze the data, after performing the two-way ANOVA test to investigate the interactive effect of diabetes and exercise, one-way ANOVA test was used to investigate the changes between groups. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered. SPSS version 25 software was used for data analysis. Results: The protein expression of SERCA2a and Akt decreased significantly in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to healthy rats (P<0.0001). Eight weeks of training significantly increased SERCA2a and Akt protein expression in diabetic and healthy groups compared to control groups. Conclusion: The results showed that HIIT exercises can possibly moderate the adverse changes caused by diabetes in the expression of these proteins and is promising as a non-pharmacological strategy.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8280_349f05dbe98af944ce22fc7224a25b70.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of a two-week supplementation of pomegranate seed powder on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical performance in female volleyball players following a volleyball tournament The effect of a two-week supplementation of pomegranate seed powder on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical performance in female volleyball players following a volleyball tournament 145 168 8281 10.22124/jme.2024.27337.361 FA Elaheh Piralaiy Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Ramin Amirsasan Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Zeinab Ali Bakhsi Fard Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Siamak Rahbar . Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 28 Introduction: Strenuous sports activities increase oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the impact of a two-week supplementation of pomegranate seed powder on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical performance in female volleyball players following a volleyball tournament. Methods: Twelve female volleyball players voluntarily participated in this experimental study and were randomly assigned to two groups: pomegranate seed powder supplement or placebo. Both groups underwent two weeks of specific volleyball training and consumed either the supplement or placebo capsules twice a day (one in the morning and one in the afternoon) for two weeks. After one week of washout, the groups were switched to the opposite supplement or placebo for another two weeks. The following biomarkers were measured at three stages: baseline, 24 hours after the last day of the two-week supplementation, and after the tournament. Results: Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate seed powder supplement resulted in significant improvements in the base values of MDA (p=0.04), TAC (p=0.001), creatinine (p=0.043), and uric acid (p=0.03), and there is a significant difference in the response of MDA, creatinine and urea to an intense volleyball match between placebo and supplementation conditions (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that dry pomegranate seed powder can be effective in preventing oxidative stress and kidney damage in athletes by reducing the oxidative and inflammatory effects caused by intense activity due to being rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory elements. Introduction: Strenuous sports activities increase oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the impact of a two-week supplementation of pomegranate seed powder on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and physical performance in female volleyball players following a volleyball tournament. Methods: Twelve female volleyball players voluntarily participated in this experimental study and were randomly assigned to two groups: pomegranate seed powder supplement or placebo. Both groups underwent two weeks of specific volleyball training and consumed either the supplement or placebo capsules twice a day (one in the morning and one in the afternoon) for two weeks. After one week of washout, the groups were switched to the opposite supplement or placebo for another two weeks. The following biomarkers were measured at three stages: baseline, 24 hours after the last day of the two-week supplementation, and after the tournament. Results: Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate seed powder supplement resulted in significant improvements in the base values of MDA (p=0.04), TAC (p=0.001), creatinine (p=0.043), and uric acid (p=0.03), and there is a significant difference in the response of MDA, creatinine and urea to an intense volleyball match between placebo and supplementation conditions (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that dry pomegranate seed powder can be effective in preventing oxidative stress and kidney damage in athletes by reducing the oxidative and inflammatory effects caused by intense activity due to being rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory elements.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8281_9ffef096d0e5fa8bddd12ed762267c52.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2024 10 22 The effect of increasing resistance training and nanoliposome vitamin C supplementation on the expression of genes involved in hippocampal tissue autophagy in orectomized rats. The effect of increasing resistance training and nanoliposome vitamin C supplementation on the expression of genes involved in hippocampal tissue autophagy in orectomized rats. 169 187 8282 10.22124/jme.2024.27940.367 FA ABAZAR Teimoori Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Karaj, Iran Mahdieh Jamshidpour 1- M.A , department of physical education and sport sciences, Markazi branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Azadeh Abdolalahzadeh 1- M.A , department of physical education and sport sciences, Markazi branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Mahnoosh Shahbani Nazari 1- M.A , department of physical education and sport sciences, Markazi branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 15 Introduction: Menopause is a natural physiological process of the body, but the changes caused by the decrease of estrogen during this period may cause symptoms in some women and affect their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing resistance training and nanoliposome vitamin C supplementation on the expression of genes involved in autophagy of hippocampal tissue of orectomized rats. Methods: 32, 24-month-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, supplemented (BCAA nanoliposome), combined (resistance training + supplementation and training). Resistance training included eight weeks of ladder training with moderate intensity (70% of MVCC) and five 5 days per week and 100 mg of vitamin C per kg of body weight was received by gavage Real-time PCR was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test Finding: The results showed a significant increase in PRDX6 and GNC5L1 gene expression in the hippocampus in the combination group compared to the control and supplement groups (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (p=0.109). Conclusion: Increased expression of the key regulator of mitophagy, which has an effective role in maintaining ROS homeostasis and counteracts stress-related neuronal cell death, may play an important role in the processes leading to menopause by inhibiting the phosphorylation of estrogen receptors. Introduction: Menopause is a natural physiological process of the body, but the changes caused by the decrease of estrogen during this period may cause symptoms in some women and affect their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing resistance training and nanoliposome vitamin C supplementation on the expression of genes involved in autophagy of hippocampal tissue of orectomized rats. Methods: 32, 24-month-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, supplemented (BCAA nanoliposome), combined (resistance training + supplementation and training). Resistance training included eight weeks of ladder training with moderate intensity (70% of MVCC) and five 5 days per week and 100 mg of vitamin C per kg of body weight was received by gavage Real-time PCR was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test Finding: The results showed a significant increase in PRDX6 and GNC5L1 gene expression in the hippocampus in the combination group compared to the control and supplement groups (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (p=0.109). Conclusion: Increased expression of the key regulator of mitophagy, which has an effective role in maintaining ROS homeostasis and counteracts stress-related neuronal cell death, may play an important role in the processes leading to menopause by inhibiting the phosphorylation of estrogen receptors.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8282_d15730727d9b7b89455e24cc3dd05ee4.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2025 01 14 Twelve weeks high intensity interval training independently of hypoxia induced hepatic mitochondria biogenesis in male rats under high fat diet. Twelve weeks high intensity interval training independently of hypoxia induced hepatic mitochondria biogenesis in male rats under high fat diet. 189 208 8286 10.22124/jme.2023.26237.339 FA Faeghe Ghasemi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Hamid Mohebbi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2023 12 10 Introduction: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition, training and hypoxia on liver mitochondrial biogenesis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (age: 6 weeks old; average weight: 167.25 grams (were randomly divided into four groups of eight including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and training in normoxia (HFD-HIIT) and high-fat diet and training in hypoxia (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) in normoxia and hypoxia-hypobaric, the HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week, which included 3 to 8 bouts 4-minute activity with an intensity of 80 to 93 percent of MAV and 2-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 percent of MAV. At the end, the levels of PGC-1α and Tfam genes were measured through RT-PCR and liver fat content was measured through Oil Red staining in liver tissue. Results: Both HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHIIT groups showed a significant increase in the expression of PGC-1α and Tfam genes and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). However, the HFD+HHIIT group showed a significant increase in Tfam gene expression and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD+HIIT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: It seems that HIIT training has been able to increase PGC-1α independent of hypoxia conditions. Whereas, hypoxia with a significant increase in the expression of the Tfam gene, which plays a role in improving the capacity of mitochondrial function, led to a greater decrease in liver fat content than in normoxia conditions. Introduction: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition, training and hypoxia on liver mitochondrial biogenesis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (age: 6 weeks old; average weight: 167.25 grams (were randomly divided into four groups of eight including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and training in normoxia (HFD-HIIT) and high-fat diet and training in hypoxia (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) in normoxia and hypoxia-hypobaric, the HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week, which included 3 to 8 bouts 4-minute activity with an intensity of 80 to 93 percent of MAV and 2-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 percent of MAV. At the end, the levels of PGC-1α and Tfam genes were measured through RT-PCR and liver fat content was measured through Oil Red staining in liver tissue. Results: Both HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHIIT groups showed a significant increase in the expression of PGC-1α and Tfam genes and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). However, the HFD+HHIIT group showed a significant increase in Tfam gene expression and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD+HIIT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: It seems that HIIT training has been able to increase PGC-1α independent of hypoxia conditions. Whereas, hypoxia with a significant increase in the expression of the Tfam gene, which plays a role in improving the capacity of mitochondrial function, led to a greater decrease in liver fat content than in normoxia conditions.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8286_08c693e1039a23c252442337b6a7e9cb.pdf

University of Guilan Metabolism and Exercise 2322-2867 14 2 2025 01 14 The effect of a period of aerobic exercises and olive oil consumption on the gene expression of caspases 3, 9, 8 in the hippocampal tissue of male Alzheimer's induced rats The effect of a period of aerobic exercises and olive oil consumption on the gene expression of caspases 3, 9, 8 in the hippocampal tissue of male Alzheimer's induced rats 209 222 8299 10.22124/jme.2024.28903.380 FA Mostafa Haghshenas PhD student in sports physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Alireza Elmiyeh Associate Professor of Sports Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Mohammadreza Fadaei Chafe Assistant Professor of Sports Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 12 Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common age-related cognitive diseases of the brain, the main characteristic of which is the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques outside the cell and the formation of intertwined filaments inside the neuron, and it has the phosphorylated form of tau microtubule growth. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but therefore, in continuation of these studies, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with olive oil on the expression of caspase 3, 8, and 9 genes in induced Alzheimer's male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats aged 9-10 months were randomly divided into 5 control groups - Alzheimer's - Alzheimer's and aerobic exercise, Alzheimer's along with aerobic exercise and olive oil consumption, and Alzheimer's and olive oil. Alzheimer's model was created by injecting amyloid beta 42-1 into the hippocampus. Aerobic exercises consisted of 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. The real-time PCR method was used to determine the expression level of the desired genes. To analyze the data, a one-way analysis of variance and Tom Hen's post hoc test were used using SPSS version 20 software. Findings: The results of this research showed that 8 weeks of aerobic training significantly decreased the expression of caspase 9, 8, and 3 genes in the intervention groups compared to the Alzheimer's group (P < 0.5). Also, the expression of the above genes in the Alzheimer group + aerobic exercise and the Alzheimer group + aerobic exercise and olive oil had a significant decrease compared to the Alzheimer group and olive oil (P < 0.5). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise and consumption of olive oil can probably improve the factors involved in apoptosis in Alzheimer's male rats. Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common age-related cognitive diseases of the brain, the main characteristic of which is the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques outside the cell and the formation of intertwined filaments inside the neuron, and it has the phosphorylated form of tau microtubule growth. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but therefore, in continuation of these studies, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with olive oil on the expression of caspase 3, 8, and 9 genes in induced Alzheimer's male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats aged 9-10 months were randomly divided into 5 control groups - Alzheimer's - Alzheimer's and aerobic exercise, Alzheimer's along with aerobic exercise and olive oil consumption, and Alzheimer's and olive oil. Alzheimer's model was created by injecting amyloid beta 42-1 into the hippocampus. Aerobic exercises consisted of 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. The real-time PCR method was used to determine the expression level of the desired genes. To analyze the data, a one-way analysis of variance and Tom Hen's post hoc test were used using SPSS version 20 software. Findings: The results of this research showed that 8 weeks of aerobic training significantly decreased the expression of caspase 9, 8, and 3 genes in the intervention groups compared to the Alzheimer's group (P < 0.5). Also, the expression of the above genes in the Alzheimer group + aerobic exercise and the Alzheimer group + aerobic exercise and olive oil had a significant decrease compared to the Alzheimer group and olive oil (P < 0.5). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise and consumption of olive oil can probably improve the factors involved in apoptosis in Alzheimer's male rats.

https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8299_145a51e70a1e2260e10d2b62095ab7af.pdf