https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/ Metabolism and Exercise en daily 1 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8711.html Introduction: Overweight and obesity increase resistin and cardiovascular factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight sessions of mountain with green tea supplementation on resistin and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 overweight men from Tabriz, aged 30 to 40 years, were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 (control, supplement, exercise, and supplement and exercise). Green tea supplementation was consumed for eight weeks in three meals a day, 2.5 grams per meal. Mountain climbing training also started at low altitude and low intensity for eight weeks (one session per week) and gradually increased in altitude and intensity. Blood samples were also collected in two stages, 48 ​​hours before the start and 48 hours after the end of the eight weeks, after 8 to 10 hours of fasting. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used to test the hypotheses.Findings: The results showed that eight sessions of mountain climbing with green tea supplementation had a significant effect on reducing resistin and cardiovascular risk factors (hs-CRP, TG) in overweight men (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on cardiovascular risk factors (LDL-C, HDL-C) (P>0.05).Conclusion: It seems that mountain climbing with green tea supplementation can be beneficial in reducing resistin and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8904.html Introduction: Obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and alternate-day fasting (ADF) on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in the visceral adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFF). Methodology: 40 eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): control (Con), HFF, HFF+HIIT, HFF+ADF, and HFF+HIIT+ADF. The HIIT protocol was perfomed for 12 weeks, five sessions per week, consisted of seven intervals of four minutes at 85-90% of maximum velocity (Vmax), interspersed with two minutes of active recovery. ADF groups were deprived of food on alternate days. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein expression levels were measured using Western blot analysis, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed using a calorimetric method. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post hoc test were employed to assess differences between groups at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The HFF showed a significant increase in weight compared to the CON group. MDA levels and IL-10 and TNF-α protein expression were significantly elevated in the HFF (p<0.05). The HIIT, ADF, and HIIT+ADF comared to the HFF group exhibited significant reductions in weight and MDA levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study indicated that HFF is associated with weight gain, elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. HIIT, ADF, and especially HIIT+ADF reduce body weight and mitigate oxidative stress and modulated inflammation. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9055.html Introduction: This study investigated the role of taurine supplementation combined with resistance training on vascular and performance indices in elite male taekwondo athletes.Methodology: The quasi-experimental study was conducted on 24 elite male athletes, randomly assigned to three groups of eight: taekwondo training (T), resistance plus taekwondo training with placebo (RTP), and resistance plus taekwondo training with taurine supplementation (RTT). The resistance training protocol followed a nonlinear format for six weeks, three sessions per week. Supplementation involved daily intake of two to four 1000 mg capsules of taurine or rice flour placebo in a double-blind manner. Before and after the intervention, nitric oxide, endothelin-1, epinephrine, norepinephrine, testosterone, muscular explosive power, and blood lactate were measured. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.Results: Serum testosterone significantly increased in RTT and RTP compared to T (P = 0.016), and explosive power was significantly higher in RTT compared to both other groups (P = 0.002). Although nitric oxide changes were not statistically significant among groups, levels increased by 17%, 24%, and 45% in T, RTP, and RTT, respectively. Changes in epinephrine, norepinephrine, endothelin, and lactate were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that combining resistance training with taurine supplementation could potentially have a positive effect on serum testosterone and explosive power in elite taekwondo athletes. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9057.html Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes and correlation between the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression of the inhibitor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) after 6 weeks of aerobic training with cannabis supplementation.Methodology: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (8 each): healthy control, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + aerobic training, +HFD cannabis supplementation (Sup) and HFD+Tr+Sup. After the training intervention for 6 weeks, Cannabidiol Extract was gavage after each training session at a dose of 100ng/kg to the rats in the supplement groups. the liver of the rats was examined with a Zonecare-Q9 ultrasound device. After the training intervention, SOCS3 variable was measured by RealTime PCR and SOD by ELISA. One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that high-fat diet in the HFD group induced grade 2 fatty liver and increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p<0.05). The HFD, HFD+Sup, and HFD+Tr groups had a significant decrease in SOD (p<0.05). The HFD+Tr, HFD+sup, and HFD+Tr+Sup groups showed a significant decrease in SOCS3 compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). Also, the decrease in SOCS3 in the HFD+Tr+Sup group was significant compared to the HFD+Sup and HFD+Tr groups. (p>0.05)Conclusions: No relationship was found between antioxidant enzymes and SOCS3. However, exercise training and Cannabidiol Extract were able to regulate lipid profiles, SOD, and SOCS3 after a high-fat diet. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9076.html Introduction: Intense exercise increases the expression of cell damage/death factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender on the levels of apoptotic proteins following intense resistance exercise.Methodology: In this study, 18 men and women aged between 18 and 30 were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 9 participants each. The resistance exercise consisted of 6 stations: barbell front arm, barbell chest press, underarm with machine, leg press with machine, back with machine, and shoulder with barbell. Each station was performed for 4 repetitions at an intensity of 80% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The interval between sets was 60 to 90 seconds, and the interval between stations was 2 minutes. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the activity.Results: The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of gender on the level of the apoptotic protein Bax (F(1,17)=1.66, P=0.214) and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (F(1,17)=0.32, P=0.57) was not significant. However, the effect of time on the level of the Bax apoptotic protein was significant (F(1,17)=30.28, P<0.0001). Post-hoc tests using Bonferroni's correction indicated a significant increase in Bax protein levels after the activity compared to the pre-test levels in both groups (P<0.05).Conclusions: In this research, intense resistance activity led to a similar increase in the apoptotic protein Bax in young men and women. However, it had no effect on the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and gender did not influence the levels of either protein. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9114.html Introduction: Obesity and overweight are major global public health concerns. Obesity-related diabetes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes and promotes inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of interval training on the expression levels of Humanin and MOTS-c genes in obese diabetic mice.Methodology: Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice with a mean weight and standard deviation of 20.7 ± 1 g were selected. After consuming a high-calorie diet and becoming obese (mean weight and standard deviation of 30.95 ± 3.20 g), they were divided into three groups: control, diabetic and interval training. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) for eight weeks. The interval training protocol consisted of 30 minutes of exercise, with intensity progressively increasing from 50% to 60% during low-intensity intervals and 85% to 90% during high-intensity intervals. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used to evaluate the data.Results: The results indicated that Humanin and MOTS-c gene expression levels in the interval training group significantly decreased compared to the control group and significantly increased compared to the diabetic group (P ≤ 0.001).Conclusions: In the context of obesity-related diabetes, interval training likely mitigates obesity-related inflammatory and detrimental factors in adipose tissue by enhancing the expression of Humanin and MOTS-c genes. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9138.html Background and Purpose: Hepatokines are key regulators of metabolism, and the angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare the effects of progressive and constant-load resistance training on hepatic and serum ANGPTL4 levels in sucrose-fed rats.Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (6–8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four groups: healthy control, sucrose control, progressive resistance training + sucrose, and constant-load resistance training + sucrose. After 8 weeks of feeding with 10% sucrose solution, training protocols (3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks) was implemented, including climbing a ladder with a weight attached to the tail. ANGPTL4 levels in serum and liver, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured.Results: Tissue concentrations of ANGPTL4 were significantly higher in the progressive resistance training group than in the sucrose control (P=0.003) and constant-load training (P=0.01) groups. More but non-significant weight gain (P=0.057) was observed in the sugar control group compared to the sucrose control group. Serum triglyceride levels were higher in the nutritional intervention groups than in the healthy control group (P<0.001). Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the constant-load training groups compared to the sucrose control (P=0.048).Conclusions: The significant increase in hepatic ANGPTL4 due to progressive resistance training indicates the importance of training intensity on changes in this hepatokine. This training protocol may also be effective in preventing weight gain caused by excessive sucrose consumption. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9139.html Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise and resveratrol on hippocampal mitochondrial fusion in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: To conduct the present experimental and laboratory study, 35 male Wistar rats were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and after one week of familiarization with the new environment, they were randomly divided into five groups: Control (NO), Alzheimer's (AD), Alzheimer's-exercise (ADT), Alzheimer's-resveratrol (ADRSV), and Alzheimer's-exercise-resveratrol (ADTRSV). The supplement groups received 20 mg of RSV (per kilogram of body weight) orally daily during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running at a speed of 6-18 meters per minute, five days a week for eight weeks. Results: The results showed that AD induction caused a significant decrease in the expression of MNF1 and MNF2 (p=0.0001). A significant increase in the expression of MNF1 and MNF2 was observed in the ADT, ADRSV, and ADTRSV groups compared to AD (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Mitochondrial dynamics are disrupted following AD induction in hippocampal tissue, and exercise and resveratrol increase mitochondrial fusion and reduce fission by increasing Mfn1 and Mfn2 levels. However, the combination of exercise and resveratrol did not have a synergistic effect on fission genes. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9153.html Introduction and Objective: Targeted therapy of growth and immune factors may lead to more effective inhibition of tumor proliferation and progression in melanoma cancer. The aim of this study was to study the effect of six weeks of aerobic exercise and pineapple extract consumption on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) in tumor tissue in mice with melanoma cancer.Methods: This basic-laboratory study was conducted on 20 male C57BL/6 mice with melanoma cancer in four groups including control, aerobic exercise, pineapple extract, and aerobic exercise-pineapple. After tumor induction, the exercise program was performed for six weeks and pineapple extract was gavage at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The weight and volume of the mice's tumors and the expression of HSP70 and CD147 genes in tumor tissue were measured by RT-PCR, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance, and post hoc analysis. The significance level was considered to be P≤0.05.Findings: Based on the results, a significant decrease in tumor volume and a decrease in HSP70 and CD147 gene expression in tumor tissue were observed in the aerobic exercise and pineapple exercise groups.Conclusion: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with pineapple extract, with positive effects such as a decrease in body weight and tumor volume, by reducing HSP70 and CD147 gene expression in tumor tissue, probably leads to a slowdown in the progression of melanoma and helps regulate growth and immune factors in melanoma. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9309.html Objective: Alzheimer is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that gradually impairs mental abilities through abnormal protein accumulation, as well as inflammatory and oxidative processes.. the present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of aerobic exercise and Rhodiola rosea extract on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and oxidative stress indices in the brain tissue of mice with Alzheimer..Methodology: 30 male C57BL/6 mice with an weight of 14 ± 2 g and an age of 12 weeks were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) healthy control, (2) Alzheimer’s, (3) Alzheimer’s + exercise, (4) Alzheimer’s + Rhodiola, and (5) Alzheimer’s + exercise + Rhodiola. The Alzheimer’s model was induced by intrahippocampal injection of Aβ₁₋₄₂. Mice in the training groups performed treadmill running for 30–45 minutes per session, five days per week, at a speed of 10–18 m/min for eight weeks. Rhodiola extract was administered by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg on training days. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test in SPSS.Results: BDNF gene expression and SOD activity levels in the Alzheimer’s + exercise, Alzheimer’s + Rhodiola, and Alzheimer’s + exercise + Rhodiola groups were significantly higher than those in the Alzheimer’s group (P < 0.001). serum MDA levels were significantly lower in these three intervention groups compared with the Alzheimer’s group (P < 0.001).Conclusion: the concurrent application of aerobic exercise and Rhodiola rosea extract represents an effective, non-invasive, and low-risk strategy for modulating oxidative stress and promoting neuronal regeneration under neurodegenerative conditions. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9406.html Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare and correlate physical fitness and work ability with the expression of miR-133a in firefighters of the fire department.Methodology: The present study was of an applied type and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The statistical population was all firefighters of the Shiraz Fire Department, of which 20 (10 administrative posts, 10 operational posts) were selected from 24 stations and 12 fire stations that were willing to cooperate using the accessible sampling method. Physical fitness and work ability indices were examined using the WAI questionnaire and miR-133a expression was examined using the Real-time PCR method. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson, and independent t-tests by SPSS27, and the significance level was considered to be P<0.05.Results: No significant relationship was observed between miR-133a expression and work ability and physical fitness indices in the studied groups. There was also no significant difference in work ability, core muscular endurance, upper body muscular endurance, and flexibility between the operational and administrative groups, but a significant difference was observed between the maximum oxygen consumption (P=0.03) and miR-133a expression (P=0.02) among firefighters in the operational and administrative groups.Conclusions: In operational firefighters, a decrease in miR-133a is associated with an increase in Vo2max. It is suggested that regular exercise programs be developed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and manage occupational stress. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between miR-133a and physical fitness in order to design more effective health interventions for firefighters. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9481.html Objective: It seems that with increasing age, the speed of contractile proteins and the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins of muscles decreases.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and creatine-hydrochloride supplementation on myogenin and HSP70 gene expression in the soleus muscle of aged male rats.Methodology: 32 old male were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, supplement, combined and exercise. Resistance training consisted of eight weeks of ladder training with moderate intensity (70% of MVCC) and five days a week. Rats in the supplement and combined groups received creatine-HCL at the rate of 200 mg/kg of body weight by gavage 5 days a week for 8 weeks. myogenin and HSP70 were obtained using real-time PCR method. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: The results showed a significant increase in the expression of HSP70 and myogenin gene in the soleus muscle in the combination group compared to the control and supplement groups (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (p=0.158).Conclusion: It seems that the increase of HSP70 and the inhibition of muscle apoptosis caused by sarcopenia and the increase of mitochondrial function as well as the increased effect of myogenin on muscle hypertrophy and the creation of an anabolic environment for muscle growth in old age indicate the importance of resistance training and the consumption of protein supplements in old age.Keywords: Resistance training, creatine-hydrochloride, myogenin, HSP70. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8727.html Aim: High-intensity resistance exercise leads to metabolic acidosis and muscle dysfunction. The patch method, by inducing respiratory alkalosis, may reduce these effects, but the evidence regarding its effect on resistance performance is conflicting. This study investigated the effect of recovery using a patch on squat and bench press performance in resistance-trained men.Methods: In this study, 12 resistance-trained male students with a mean age of 22.41 years participated in three sessions 72 hours apart. In the first session, demographic data, one-repetition maximum of the chest press and squat were measured, and a weight-bearing protocol exercise was performed. In the second and third sessions, participants performed 3 sets of the chest press and squat at an intensity of 80% of one-repetition maximum to failure, and the number of repetitions was recorded. During the rest period between sets (5 minutes), participants breathed either normally (control) or at a rate of 60 breaths per minute (ventilation), and data were analyzed with a paired t-test.Results: The results showed that recovery with the help of a barbell significantly (p≥0.05) increased (10.92% in the bench press and 11.42% in the squat) the average number of repetitions performed in the bench press (23.66 ± 3.65 barbell vs. 21.33 ± 3.93 normal) and squat (26.83 ± 4.82 barbell vs. 24.08 ± 4.27 normal).Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, recovery between sets with the help of a treadmill may improve bench press and squat performance in resistance trained men. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_8804.html The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and vitamin D3 supplementation on metabolic syndrome indices and the IRS-1 protein signaling pathway in the cardiac tissue of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fructose diet.Methods: In this experimental post-test study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old, weighing 250–270 g) were randomly divided into five groups of eight. The HIIT program consisted of 10 intervals of 4-minute activity at 85–90% VO2max with 2-minute active rest, performed 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Serum levels of insulin, glucose, insulin resistance index, lipid profile (TC, LDL, TG, HDL), and expression of IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 proteins in cardiac tissue were measured using Western blot. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: Significant increases were observed in body weight (P < 0.01), waist circumference (P < 0.01), body mass index (P < 0.01), visceral fat (P < 0.01), TG (P < 0.01), TC (P < 0.01), LDL (P < 0.01), and reductions in HDL (P < 0.01) and IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 protein expression in the [CF] group compared to [CN]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIIT and vitamin D supplementation effectively attenuate high-fructose diet-induced MetS, at least in part, through activation of cardiac tissue P-IRS-1 signaling, improving body composition, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9128.html Introduction: One of the major health challenges during menopause is the emergence of underlying factors that contribute to metabolic disorders, cardiovascular dysfunction, and muscle wasting. If these conditions are not properly prevented and managed, they can lead to serious health complications and, in prolonged critical states, increase the risk of mortality in postmenopausal women. According to previous studies, adopting healthy lifestyle strategies—particularly regular physical exercise—may have beneficial effects on these health markers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on selected metabolic syndrome markers, with a focus on the PGC-1α signaling pathway as a key mitochondrial regulator in postmenopausal women aged 55 to 65.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 45 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT, MICT, and control (n = 15 per group). Training sessions were conducted three times per week for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included metabolic, anthropometric, lipid, blood pressure, and molecular markers related to PGC-1α. Results: In comparison between the two training groups, the HIIT group showed a significant increase in plasma PGC-1α levels (P ≤ 0.05), along with significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure and improvements in insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) (P ≤ 0.05). In the MICT group, HDL levels significantly increased, while triglycerides and total cholesterol significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: HIIT had greater effects than MICT on PGC-1α expression, diastolic blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9246.html Introduction: The present study was done to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and royal jelly consumption MDA, CAT, and SOD levels in the lung tissue of an animal model with lung cancer.Methodology: Forty-eight male BALB/C mice, with an average age of eight weeks, were divided into healthy, sham, lung cancer (LC), swimming training (ST), royal jelly 50 (RJ50), royal jelly 100 (RJ100), swimming training + royal jelly 50 (ST.RJ50), and swimming training + royal jelly 100 (ST.RJ100) groups (n=6). Lung cancer induction was performed by injection of 100 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene. Swimming training was performed for 12 weeks, 5 days per week. Royal jelly was also injected intraperitoneally at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight. 48 hours after the last training session, the amount of MDA, CAT, and SOD in lung tissue was measured and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.Results: The MDA value in the LC, RJ50, RJ100, and ST groups was higher than the healthy control and sham groups, and was lower in the ST.RJ100 group than in the other intervention groups (p<0.05). Also, CAT and SOD levels were lower in the LC, RJ50, and ST groups compared to the healthy control group, and higher in the ST.RJ100 group compared to other intervention groups except the ST.RJ50 group (p<0.05).Conclusions: It seems that the combination of swimming training with high doses of royal jelly is effective in improving oxidative stress in lung cancer mice by increasing antioxidant enzymes. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9292.html Piezo-1 is known as a mechanoreceptor associated with adipogenesis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity resistance, endurance, and interval training on Piezo-1 gene expression and insulin resistance index in obese male rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (10 weeks, 200±10.2 g) were randomly divided into four groups after six weeks of high-fat diet, including 1) high-intensity interval training (HIIT), 2) resistance training (RT), 3) endurance training (ET), and 4) control (Co) and participated in eight weeks of training, five sessions per week. Rats were dissected 48 hours after the last training session, and the studied indices were evaluated using an appropriate laboratory method. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test at a significance level of less than 0.05. There was a significant difference between the changes in Piezo-1 gene expression, serum insulin levels, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and body weight after eight weeks of RT, ET, and HIIT. In addition, body weight in the high-intensity interval training group was significantly reduced at the posttest compared to the pretest. Considering the antidiabetic and antiobesity functions of Piezo-1, it seems that increasing Piezo-1 gene expression in adipose tissue after eight weeks of high-intensity interval training, resistance, and endurance training can help improve insulin resistance. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9297.html Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system of the body. Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are key components of cellular antioxidant defense. Methods: After induction of diabetes, 31 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: diabetic control, placebo, exercise, selenium nanoparticles, and combination (exercise + nanoparticles). After one week of familiarization, diabetes was induced and rats underwent the main protocol (interval exercise and/or supplementation) for eight weeks. Then, GSH levels (in nanomoles/mg protein) and GPx activity were measured. Results: The greatest improvement in both antioxidant indices was observed in the group that received a combination of HIIT training and selenium nanoparticles (DSE) (p < 0.05), so that the mean glutathione level in this group reached 91.9 mg/L and glutathione peroxidase reached 1.679 IU/mL, which was significantly higher than the other groups. In contrast, the diabetic groups without intervention (CD and PCD) showed the lowest levels of these indices. The effect size (Cohen’s d) also confirmed the very large effect of the interventions, especially in the DSE group compared to the placebo group (PCD). Discussion: The findings indicate that interval training with selenium nanoparticles synergistically improves antioxidant status in diabetic rats. These results indicate that the combination of these two interventions can be a strategy in strengthening the body’s defense system against diabetes complications. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9387.html Objective: Type II diabetes exacerbates neurodegeneration by altering the processing of amyloid beta (Aβ), and aerobic exercise training and antidiabetic herbal supplements such as bitter melon may alter this process. However, direct data on the combined effects of the two, which was investigated in this study, are lacking.Methodology: Forty middle-aged female volunteers with type II diabetes were randomly assigned into four groups (aerobic exercise and bitter melon, exercise and placebo, bitter melon, and control). Interval aerobic exercise training was conducted for eight weeks (three sessions per week) with a duration of (20 to 60 minutes per session with one minute active rest intervals at 60 to 75% of RHR). Bitter melon fruit powder was consumed at a dose of eight mg/kg in three equal doses per day in a double-blind order. Enzymatic methods, HPLC, ELISA, TUG, six-minute walk test, and digit span as well as picture recall memory tests were used to collect data in two stages, which were analyzed with paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance at a confidence level of 95%.In all three groups, body weight, time to up and go, blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL as well as serum A1c, insulin and AB42 decreased, while blood HDL and serum ADAM10, distance covered in the walking test, short-term and medium-term memory function and upper body strength increased (P<0.05 in all circumstances). ... https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9463.html Objective: Intake of specific micronutrients can influence blood pressure and reduce related complications such as cardiovascular and renal dysfunction. This study investigated the effect of a multi-element mineral supplement (Cal/Mag/Zinc) combined with aerobic exercise on blood pressure and urinary indices of kidney function in women with hypertension.Methodology: In this experimental study, 48 middle-aged women with hypertension were randomly assigned to four groups: aerobic exercise (AE), mineral supplement (MCZ), aerobic exercise plus supplement (AE+MCZ), and control. The intervention lasted 8 weeks, with three 45-minute sessions per week at moderate intensity (40–60% HRR), and the daily supplement contained calcium(350 mg), magnesium(175 mg), and zinc(5 mg). Twenty-four-hour urinary proteins (albumin and creatinine) were measured using an autoanalyser.Results: According to the analysis of covariance, reductions in albumin, albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), systolic, and diastolic blood pressure differed significantly between groups (P<0.05). The post hoc test showed that the AE+MCZ group had a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, albumin, and UACR compared to the other groups, while the AE group showed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and albumin compared to the control group (P<0.05). Changes in the combination group were greater than those in the training group.Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise alone and combined with calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation plays a beneficial role in reducing blood pressure while maintaining kidney health, and can be an effective non-pharmacological approach to improving the cardiorenal status of women with hypertension. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9521.html The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of Gymnastics High-Intensity Interval Training (GHIIT) versus Traditional Gymnastics Training (TGT) on specific growth factors, serum miRNAs' levels, and explosive power in adolescent male gymnasts. In this semi-experimental study, 20 male gymnasts (age: 12.17 ±1.97 years; height: 143.14 ±5.46 cm; weight: 37.61 ±4.69 ) were randomly assigned into two groups.The training program consisted of eight weeks of skill-based training plus gymnastics physical conditioning. Skill training performed six sessions per week, 90 minutes per session at an intensity of 60–85% . However, the physical conditioning protocols differed: the TGT group trained at 60–85% for 60 minutes, while the GHIIT group trained at intensities above 80% for 28 minutes. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the training protocol.. Additionally, explosive power were measured. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), paired t-tests, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Paired t-test results indicated that miR-1 and miR-206 levels significantly decreased in the GHIIT group post-test compared to pre-test (p < 0.05). ANCOVA results further revealed a significant decrease in miR-1 and miR-206 levels, and a significant increase in Medicine Ball Throw and Sargent Jump performance in the GHIIT group compared to the TGT group (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in Growth Hormone (GH), Testosterone, or IGF-1 levels in either group (p > 0.05). It appears that GHIIT, compared to TGT, leads to greater improvements in growth-related miRNAs and explosive power in adolescent gymnasts. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9549.html Isthmin 1 (ISM1) is a newly identified insulin-like adipokine that increases glucose uptake by adipocytes and inhibits hepatic lipid synthesis. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on adipose tissue levels of isthmin-1 and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and lipids profile in male obese diabetic rats.Twenty rats (10-12 weeks old, 276.4±11.20 gr) randomly divided in to two groups of experimental and control (11 ones in each) following induction of obesity and diabetes by high fat diet and injection of Streptozotocin. Rats in experimental group participated in eight weeks of aerobic training of running on treadmill at intensity of 10-26 percentage of maximum velocity, 10-55 minutes per session and five days per week. All rats were dissected after the last training session, and the investigated indicators were evaluated. Eight weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of TyG index (P=0.018), fast blood sugar (FBS) , triglyceride, cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and weight in addition to significant increases in adipose tissue levels of isthmin-1 (P=0.003) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P=0.039) in experimental group compared to control one. Moreover, FBS (P=0.004) and weight (P=0.036) significantly declined in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between changes in isthmin-1 levels after aerobic training with changes in FBS , TyG index , triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL . It seems that eight weeks of aerobic training modulates metabolic and lipids profiles through increasing isthmin-1 levels in obese diabetic rats. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9562.html Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of two months of endurance training on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes in the brain tissue of Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: This experimental study included 24 male Wistar rats (mean weight: 200 ± 20 grm, mean age: 8 weeks) randomly assigned to the groups including: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), healthy exercise (HE), and diabetic exercise (DE). The training protocol comprised of running on treadmill that was carried out 5 sessions per week over 8 weeks (30-60 min per session at 18-24 m/ min with 10% imcline). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at p < 0.05.Results: The changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression upon diabetes induction amd exercise training were significantly different among groups (P<0.05). Post-hoc test results indicated a significant difference in Bax gene expression between the diabetic control group and the healthy control group (P = 0.01), the diabetic exercise group (P = 0.008), and the healthy exercise group (P=0.01). Post-hoc test revealed that Bcl-2 gene expression was significantly lower in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group (P=0.01) and the healthy exercise group (P=0.003). The Bax to Bcl-2 ratio was significanlty lower in diabetic exercise group compared to the diabetic control (P = 0.01). Conclusion: A short-term endurance training may partially contribute to improving the apoptotic status of brain tissue in type 2 diabetic rats by modulating Bax and Bcl-2 expression. https://jme.guilan.ac.ir/article_9591.html .Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and elevated markers such as anti-ds-DNA and ESR. Physical activity can help reduce systemic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of dry land walking exercises on inflammatory markers in men with SLE.In this quasi-experimental study, 14 men aged 20-40 years were randomly divided into two groups: intervention (dry land walking) and control. The exercise program included moderate-intensity walking, 20-50 minutes, three sessions per week, with an intensity of 40-70% of heart rate reserve. Markers of CRP, ESR, ds-DNA, WBC, RBC, Platelet, and Immature Granulocyte were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention.The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality, and due to non-normal data, analyses were performed using non-parametric methods. Non-parametric Analysis of Covariance was used for group comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons.The results showed a significant reduction in ESR in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Other variables showed a relative decrease but were not statistically significant. Clinical improvements such as reduced fatigue were also reported. Given the limited sample size, the interpretation of results requires caution.Conclusion: Dry land walking exercises can be proposed as a safe and feasible intervention to reduce inflammation in SLE patients, but larger studies are needed to confirm the findings.