Exercise Physiology
faeghe ghasemi; Hamid Mohebbi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced NAFLD, may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine ...
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Background and Purpose: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced NAFLD, may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition, training and hypoxia on liver mitochondrial biogenesis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (age: 6 weeks old; average weight: 167.25 grams) were randomly divided into four groups of eight including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and training in normoxia (HFD-HIIT) and high-fat diet and training in hypoxia (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) in normoxia and hypoxia-hypobaric, the HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week, which included 3 to 8 bouts 4-minute activity with an intensity of 80 to 93 percent of MAV and 2-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 percent of MAV. At the end, the levels of PGC-1α and Tfam genes were measured through RT-PCR. Results: Both HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHIIT groups showed a significant increase in the expression of PGC-1α and Tfam genes and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). While, there was no significant difference in the expression of these genes between the two training groups. Conclusions: It seems that HIIT training has been able to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and reduce liver fat content independently of hypoxia conditions.
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Bita Talebi; Bahman Mirzaei
Abstract
Background. Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.Methods. ...
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Background. Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.Methods. Eight obese men (mean age: 25.75±2.37 years and BMI: 31.96±3.03 kg/m2) performed protocols of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and control (C) on separate days with a week. The HIIE protocol included six bouts of 1-minute running with intensity of 85% VO2max and 4 min active rest periods with intensity of 50% VO2max and the MICE protocol included 30 minutes running on treadmill with intensity of 65% VO2max which was matched with the HIIE protocol. Serum Galectin3 levels were measured by ELISA in 3 stages of before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 24 h after exercise.Reults. Immediately after exercise, HIIE and MICE resulted in a significant increase in serum Galectin3 compared to the control group (p
Exercise Physiology
Fateme Mokhtari; Elahe Talebi Garakani; Khadije Nasiri; Abolfazl Akbari
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous and high intensity interval training with silymarin consumption on liver enzymes and histological modifications in rats with dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Method: Male rats were initially divided into ...
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous and high intensity interval training with silymarin consumption on liver enzymes and histological modifications in rats with dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Method: Male rats were initially divided into 2 groups: normal and exposed to dexamethasone. Dexamethasone group were randomly divided into 6 groups. control (C), Silymarin (S), continues training (CT), and continues training+silymarin (CTS), high intensity interval training (HIT), high intensity interval training+Silymarin (HITS). Silymarin groups, received 300 mg. kg-1.d-1 of silymarin solution through gavage. Animals in HIT groups performed 3-min bouts at 40 m/min, interspersed by 3-min active recovery at a running velocity of 20 m/min on a motorized treadmill with 15% incline, repeated six times per session. Continues training groups performed steady state running at the same speed as the active recovery's speed in the HIT group. Liver histological modifications and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured. Results: Silymarin consumption and aerobic training were able to improve histological changes compared with control group. Interactive effect of silymarin supplementation and training on AST and ALT levels was not significant. Silymarin reduced liver AST and ALT levels (p≤0.05). Also, AST levels were significantly higher in HIT group than in control group (p≤0.05). The amount of this enzyme in the HITS was significantly reduced compared to HIT group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Silymarin supplementation and aerobic training separately and in combination may improve liver histological status of rats with dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver.
Metabolic disorders in exercise
Somayeh Kazemi-Esfahani; Ali Yaghoubi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Portulaca Oleracea extract on Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein (ANGPTL4) level and insulin resistance in rats with NAFLD. Methods: Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Portulaca Oleracea extract on Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein (ANGPTL4) level and insulin resistance in rats with NAFLD. Methods: Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, fatty liver control, HIIT, Portulaca Oleracea extract, and HIIT+Portulaca Oleracea extract. To induce NAFLD, the rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Portulaca Oleracea supplement at 400 mg/kg was given to the experimental groups. HIIT was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week at 90% maximum speed. Hepatic ANGPTL4 level and insulin resistance were measured after 8 weeks of HIIT and consumption of purslane extract. One way anova and tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.Results: Insulin resistance was significantly higher in fatty liver control group than healthy controls (P=0.002). But it was significantly lower in HIIT group (P=0.01), Portulaca Oleracea extract (P=0.037), and HIIT+Portulaca Oleracea extract group (P=0.012) than that in fatty liver control group. ANGPTL4 levels in the healthy control group was significantly higher than fatty liver control group (p=0.01). levels of this index in HIIT group (p=0.036), Portulaca Oleracea extract (p=0.01) and HIIT+ Portulaca Oleracea extract (p=0.007) was significantly lower than the fatty liver control group. Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and Portulaca Oleracea extract can play an important role in controlling the progression of this disease by reducing the level of ANGPTL4 and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD.
Elham Eyni Gandomani; Jalil Reisi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training and spirulina supplementation on humoral immune system, cardio respiratory fitness and body composition of overweight women. 30 inactive students (height (cm): 161. 7 ± 2. 8, weight (kg): 75.76 ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training and spirulina supplementation on humoral immune system, cardio respiratory fitness and body composition of overweight women. 30 inactive students (height (cm): 161. 7 ± 2. 8, weight (kg): 75.76 ± 8.43, age(y): 25. 06 ± 6. 66) were divided into three groups (placebo - HIIT, spirulina - HIIT, spirulina). Exercise groups performed HIIT for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week with 4-7 repetitions in each session () in intensity of 90% of the maximum heart rate). Supplementation groups received 6 g spirulina powder per day. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after 8 weeks to determine the levels of IgA and IgG. A significant reduction was observed in BMI, WHR, body fat percentage and significant increase in body fat free mass, VO2max, IgA in all three groups. There was a significant elevation in IgG level in the placebo - HIIT and spirulina - HIIT (P=0. 001, t=-6. 77) groups. However, there was no significant difference in IgG levels between the pre and post supplement consumption in the spirulina group (P=0. 07, t=-1. 54). In general, the results of this study showed that 8 weeks of HIIT and supplementation of spirulina increase the function of the immune system and respiratory cardiovascular fitness. Also, 8 weeks of HIIT and spirulina supplementation cause of weight loss and increase fitness by decreasing BMI, WHR, body fat percentage and increase body fat free mass in women.
Z Rostami Hashjin; R Amirsasan; S Nikoukheslat; V Sari-Sarraf
Abstract
Aim: Irisin is one of the factors that mediate beneficial effects of exercise on adipose tissue conversion, uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) and metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) with Turmeric supplementation on Irisin, ...
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Aim: Irisin is one of the factors that mediate beneficial effects of exercise on adipose tissue conversion, uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) and metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) with Turmeric supplementation on Irisin, UCP1 and body composition in obese females. Method: Thirty obese women (BMI=33.08±1.78 kg.m-2) age range of 20-25 years in quasi-experimental study with pre-post testing design, were selected purposefully and were randomly divided into two homogeneous groups of 15 participants: HIIT+placebo, and HIIT+Turmeric supplementation (3 milligram curcumin per kilogram body weight per day). Preparation period performed for 3 weeks and HIIT performed for six weeks (4 sessions per week). Blood samples were taken, before and 24 hours after last exercise session in the follicular phase. Serum irisin and UCP1 were measured by ELISA method. Results: In both groups, irisin levels, subcutaneous fat and BMI significantly decreased (P<0.05), and UCP1 levels and VO2max significantly increased after nine weeks intervention (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for irisin, UCP1, total subcutaneous fat, BMI and VO2max values. Conclusion: Six weeks high intensity interval training with turmeric supplementation probably could improve body composition by decreasing Irisin and increasing UCP1 levels.
F Soheili; M Azizi; R Soori; V Tahmasebi
Abstract
Aim: Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of abnormalities such as impaired glucose tolerance, type2 diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The discovery of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP-1B) seems to be a milestone in the investigation of insulin signaling transmission. ...
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Aim: Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of abnormalities such as impaired glucose tolerance, type2 diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The discovery of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP-1B) seems to be a milestone in the investigation of insulin signaling transmission. Thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on expression of PTP-1B in the muscle tissue in type 2 diabetic rats.. Method: In this study, 20, ten week old diabetic male rats were randomly divided into high intensity interval and control groups. The training group performed training protocol on a treadmill for 6 weeks and 5 session/week, with gradual increase in speed (25-35 m/min) during scheduled runs. Forty-eight hours after the last training session blood and tissue (from gastrocnemius) sampling were carried out in diabetic rats and PTP-1B gene expression was evaluated by Rea-Time PCR method. Data was analyzed using independent t-test and Shapiro Wilk at a significant level of p≤0/05. Results: Findings show that PTP-1B was decreased in the diabetic rats of HIIT group but was not significant (P=0.432). Also, insulin resistance index and fasting glucose significantly were decreased in HIIT group (P=0.001), but serum insulin was increased (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that HIIT does not affect PTP-1B gene expression, but it improves type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Keywords: PTP-1B gene expression, type 2 diabetes, high intensity interval training, insulin resistance.
R Soori; F Goodarzvand; A Akbarnejad; M EffatPanah; A Ramezankhani
Abstract
Aim: Interleukin 13 is a cytokine that can be generated during type 2 immune responses and increased as an inflammatory factor in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks high intensity interval training on interleukin 13 levels and insulin ...
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Aim: Interleukin 13 is a cytokine that can be generated during type 2 immune responses and increased as an inflammatory factor in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks high intensity interval training on interleukin 13 levels and insulin resistance in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Method: In this quasi-experimental research, thirty adolescent boys (mean age: 12.7±5.3 years; body mass index: 25.7±3.2) and thirty adolescent girls (mean age: 12.6±5.4 years; body mass index: 26.3±2.8) with ADHD were randomly allocated to high intensity interval training and control groups. The high intensity interval group performed three HIIT sessions per week for 6 weeks. Each session consisted of four to six repeats of maximal sprint running within a 20-m area with 20-30s recoveries. At the beginning and end of the sixth week interleukin 13 levels and insulin resistance index were assessed. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA with SPSS16 at the significant levels of p<0.05.
Results: Data analysis showed that high intensity interval training decreased significantly anthropometric indices, interleukin 13 and insulin resistance index in experimental group.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that high intensity interval training as an effective method has a positive impact on weight loss, increased level of serum interleukin 13 and insulin resistance index in adolescents with ADHD.
Reza Rezaee Shirazi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 23-34
Abstract
Aim: The main objective of the study was to consider the impact of 12 weeks high intensity interval training on plasma Adiponectin, Leptin and insulin resistance in 20-35 years old obese males with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Method: In this study researchers used of thirty eight participants with means ...
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Aim: The main objective of the study was to consider the impact of 12 weeks high intensity interval training on plasma Adiponectin, Leptin and insulin resistance in 20-35 years old obese males with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Method: In this study researchers used of thirty eight participants with means of age 28.5±6.2 yrs, weight 95.4±11.8 kg and height 178.6±14.7 cm were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (N=18) and control (N=20) groups. The experimental group performed high intensity interval training for 36 sessions and 3 days per week. Intensity of training in the first session was determined with 90% of peak power output in subjects and 115% of peak power output in last session. The protocol training was 10 sets of 60 seconds repetitions of pedaling a bicycle ergometer with 60 seconds rest to 15% peak power output during exercise. Once normal distribution of collected data has been analyzed by K-S test, the pre and post mean difference significant has been analyzed by using t-paired test (p≤0.05). Results: After 12 weeks high intensity interval training in obese males with fatty liver, the results have shown a significant decrease in Leptin level, and a significant decrease in Insulin resistance level (p<0.05). However, the Adiponectin level had shown a significant increase between pre-test and post-test (p≤0.05). Conclusion: : Finally, the results have shown that12 weeks high intensity interval training in obese males with fatty liver could change Adiponectin, Leptin and Insulin resistance levels. Also, any decrease in body mass index and weight, resulted in disorder improvement.
