Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Authors
1 MSc in Exercise Physiology
2 Associate Professor, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University
3 Assistant Professor, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University
Abstract
Aim: High intensitystrength and endurance training can increase exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of high intensity strength and endurance training on body fat index, glucose homeostasis and serum leptin of 15 to 20 year old Taekwondo players boy.
Method: Of the eligible volunteers in the study, 20 taekwondo players aged 15 to 20 were selected as the research sample. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: moderate-intensity resistance-endurance training (the first group, the mean age was 17.77 ± 2.26 years) and high intensity (second group, 16.90 ± 1.72 years). The first group, , had moderate intensity and endurance training for 95 minutes, and the second group performed high intensity training for 80 minutes. Along with the conventional taekwondo exercises Before and after 8 weeks training, body fat index, glucose hemeostasis and serum leptin were assessed. For data analysis, dependent t-test and independent t- test were used. p < strong>Results: Compared with the pre-test, in the second group a significant decrease was observed in the body fat percentage, insulin and insulin resistance levels. Leptin and FBS significantly decreased after exercise in both groups. The Comparison between groups showed only significant difference in body fat percentage (P=0.03)..
Conclusion: High intensity strength and endurance training in athletes can potentially lead to significant reduction in subcutaneous fat. Decreased serum leptin and glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity can improve the taekwondo lpayers performance
Keywords
- اکبرزاده فروتن مصیب، فتحی مهرداد، مدرسی، معصومه السادات، (1394)، تاثیر 6 هفته تمرینات هوازی بر سطح لپتین سرم و شاخص توده بدنی دانشجویان پسر غیرفعال، نهمین همایش بین‌المللی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، اسفند ۹۴.
- بهرام محمد ابراهیم و مقرنسی مهدی، (1393)، تأثیر دوازده هفته تمرین تناوبی با شدت زیاد (HIIT) بر سطوح لپتین و عوامل وابسته به چاقی دانشجویان دختر دچار اضافه وزن، علوم زیستی ورزشی، 6(4): 451-461.
- پهلوانیلی مریم و حجتی ذیدشتی زهرا، (1395)، تأثیر 8 هفته برنامه تمرین هوازی بر اختلالات تغذیه ای و ترکیب بدن دانشجویان دختر غیرورزشکار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، 10(2): 53-59.
- ترتیبیان بختیار و خورشیدی مهدی، (1385)، برآورد شاخصهای فیزیولوژیک در ورزش (آزمایشگاهی-میدانی)، چاپ اول، ارومیه، تیمورزاده، 100-102.
- ثاقبجو مرضیه، دستیگردی سمیه، افضل پور محمد اسماعیل، هدایتی مهدی، (1390)، اثر تمرین هوازی و مقاومتی بر سطوح ویسفاتین پلاسمای زنان دارای اضافه وزن، کومشف 13(2): 225-232.
- خورشیدی داود، عزیزبیگی کمال، عابدی بهرام، (1393)، تاثیرتمرینات هوازی فزاینده برغلظت هورمون لپتین، انسولین، کورتیزول و تستوسترون در مردان چاق غیر فعال، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، 19: 118-127.
- عطارزاده حسینی رضا، سردار، حمد علی، تقوی مرتضی، یازخوش فهیمه، (1391)، تاثیر برنامه‌ی تمرین هوازی بر سطح هورمون‌های لوتئینی، محرک فولیکولی، تستوسترون و دهیدرواپی‌اندرسترون پلاسمای زنان چاق مبتلا به سندرم تخمدان پلی‌کیستیک، غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم ایران، 14(1):39-46.
- عطارزاده حسینی رضا، میر احسان، حجازی کیوان، میرسعیدی مجتبی، (1394)، تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین ترکیبی بر برخی نشانگرهای مقاومت به انسولین در مردان میانسال، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، 58(3): 129-136.
- گایینی عباس علی و رجبی حمید، (1383)، آمادگی جسمانی، چاپ دوم، تهران، سمت، 68-107.
- گائینی، عباسعلی، محمودی، یدالله، مرادیان، کیوان، فلاحی، علی اصغر.(1389).ارتباط بین ویژگی های پیکری، فیزیولوژیکی و ترکیب بدنی تکواندوکاران نخبه مرد با موفقیت آن ها.علوم زیستی ورزشی.شماره 4: 5-20.
- ویلمور جک اچ و کاستیل دیویدال، (1386)، فیزیولوژی ورزش و فعالیت بدنی (جلد دوم)، ترجمه معینی ضیاء، رحمانینیا فرهاد، رجبی حمید، آقاعلینژاد حمید، سلامی فاطمه، چاپ دوم، تهران، مبتکران.
- یوسفیپور پیمان، تادیبی وحید، بهپور ناصر، پرنو عبدالحسین، دلبری محمد احسان، رشیدی صیاد، (1393)، بررسی اثر فعالیت ورزشی هوازی بر کنترل قند خون و عوامل خطرزای قلبی- عروقی در افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع2، دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، 57(9): 976-984.
13. Ackel-D’Elia C, Carnier J, Bueno C, Campos R, Sanches P, Clemente A, and Damaso A. (2014). Effects of different physical exercises on leptin concentration in obese adolescents. International journal of sports medicine, 35(2): 164-171.
14. Beavers KM, Beavers DP, Nesbit BA, Ambrosius WT, Marsh AP, Nicklas, BJ and Rejeski WJ. (2014). Effect of an 18‐month physical activity and weight loss intervention on body composition in overweight and obese older adults. Obesity, 22(2): 325-331.
15. Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Kroeger, CM, Trepanowski JF, and Varady KA. (2013). Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans. Obesity, 21(7): 1370-1379.
16. Bijeh N, Moazami M, Ahmadi A, Samadpour F, and Zabihi A. (2011). Effect of 6 months of aerobic exercise training on serum leptin, cortisol, insulin and glucose levels in thin middle-aged women. Trauma Monthly, 2011(1, Spring): 53-59.
17. Boutcher SH. (2011). High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss. Obesity, 10: 1-9.
18. Dundar A, Arslan C, Arpaci A, Aktug ZB, and Murathan F. (2014). Effects of swimming performances of swimmers with different undertakings on the glucose and insulin. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 2(5):391-396.
19. Fayh APT, Lopes AL, Fernandes PR, Reischak-Oliveira A, and Friedman R. (2013). Impact of weight loss with or without exercise on abdominal fat and insulin resistance in obese individuals: a randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(03): 486-492.
20. Foster C, Farland CV, Guidotti F, Harbin M, Roberts B, Schuette J, Tuuri A, Doberstein ST, and Porcari JP. (2015). The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training vs Steady State Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity. Sports Science and Medicine, 14: 747-757.
21. Goto K, Ishii N, Kizuka T, Kraemer RR, Honda Y, and Takamatsu K. (2009). Hormonal and metabolic responses to slow movement resistance exercise with different durations of concentric and eccentric actions. European journal of applied physiology, 106(5): 731-739.
22. Gray SR, Baker G, Wright A, Fitzsimons CF, Mutrie N, Nimmo MA, and Collaboration, SPAR. (2009). The effect of a 12 week walking intervention on markers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Preventive medicine, 48(1): 39-44.
23. Haghighi AH, Mahmoudi, M, and Delgosha H. (2012). Hormonal Responses to two Programs of Exhaustive Resistance Training of Different Intensities in Male Body Builders. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(3): 267-274.
24. Imayama I, Ulrich CM, Alfano CM, Wang C, Xiao L, Wener MH, and Kong A. (2012). Effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet and exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer research, 72(9): 2314-2326.
25. Ishigaki T, Koyama K, Tsujita J, Tanaka N, Hori S, and Oku Y. (2005). Plasma leptin levels of elite endurance runners after heavy endurance training. Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 24(6): 573-578.
26. Jurimae J and Jurimae T. (2005). Leptin responses to short term exercise in college level male rowers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1): 6-9.
27. Karim S and Afiq A. (2011). Does regular aerobic training affect basal leptin level (difference between male and female)?. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(31): 5591-5595.
28. Kazemi M, Waalen J, Morgan C, and White AR. (2006). A profile of olympic taekwondo competitors. J Sports Sci Med, 5: 114-121.
29. Kraemer WJ, Patton JF, Gordon SE, Harman EA, Deschenes MR, Reynolds K, et al. Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptations. Journal of applied physiology. 1995;78(3):976-89.
30. Kong Z, Sun S, Liu M, and Shi Q. (2016). Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Blood Glucose in Overweight and Obese Young Women. Journal of diabetes research,10:1-9.
31. Laursen, P. B., & Jenkins, D. G. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports Medicine, 32(1), 53-73.
32. Many G, Hurtado ME, Tanner C, Houmard J, Gordish-Dressman H, Park, JJ, and Hoffman E. (2013). Moderate-intensity aerobic training program improves insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in a pilot study of morbidly obese minority teens. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 25(1): 12-26.
33. Mirdar S, Safai KA, Rohi H, and Abbasian S. (2014). Effect of sprint training on the response and adaptation of enzymes, metabolites and hormones of healthy men. Medical journal of Mashhad university of medical sciences, 56(6): 330-339.
34. Paradisis G. (2004). An evaluation of tests of anaerobice power and capacity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.
35. Racil G, Coquart JB, Elmontassar W, Haddad M, Goebel R, Chaouachi A, Amri M, and Chamari K. (2016). Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females. Biol. Sport, 33: 145-152.
36. RahmaniNia F, Hojjati Z, Rahnama N, and Soltani B. (2009). Leptin, heart disease and exercise. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1): 13-20.
37. Ryan AS, Ortmeyer HK, and Sorkin JD. (2012). Exercise with calorie restriction improves insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthase activity in obese postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 302(1): 145-152.
38. Sohaily S, Soori R, and Rezaeian N. (2013). Hormonal adaptations to moderate-intensity endurance training in sedentary obese men. Koomesh, 14(2): 181-191.
39. West DW, Kujbida GW, Moore DR, Atherton P, Burd N. A, Padzik, JP, and Rennie, MJ. (2009). Resistance exercise‐induced increases in putative anabolic hormones do not enhance muscle protein synthesis or intracellular signalling in young men. The Journal of physiology, 587(21): 5239-5247.
40. Yavari A, Najafipoor F, Aliasgarzadeh A, Niafar M, and Mobasseri M. (2012). Effect of aerobic exercise, resistance training or combined training on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Biology of Sport, 29(2): 135.
41. Zhu WL, Zhang D, Zhang L, and Wang ZK. (2013). Effects of long-term forced exercise training on body mass, energy metabolism and serum leptin levels in Apodemus chevrieri (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 80(3): 373-379.
)