The acute effects of resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction on blood lactate and growth hormone in collegiate wrestlers

Rahmani, A; Mirzaei, B

doi:10.22124/jme.2019.3570

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license

Authors

A Rahmani ¹
B Mirzaei ²

¹ MSc student in exercise physiology

² Professor, University of Guilan

https://doi.org/10.22124/jme.2019.3570

Abstract

Aim: Resistance training with new methods of exercise such as blood flow and respiration restriction that is more performed at a lower intensity is pursued various physiological responses. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood flow and respiratory restriction on blood lactate concentration and growth hormone in the acute response to resistance exercise in collegiate wrestlers.
Method: In this study, a cross-sectional was used in which 8 collegiate wrestlers with more than two years' experience (mean age 26.87±4.7 years and body mass index 25.26±2.49 kg/m²) were randomy assigned in three conditions including: control (%801RM) and resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction (%301RM). Four sets with 15 repitations squat were considered as resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise.
Results: all three types of exercise caused a significant increase in lactate and growth hormone immediately after the exercise (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the groups (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that resistance exercise with restriction of blood flow and respiration such as routine resistance training can lead to increased metabolic and hormonal responses. This research also rather confirms the effectiveness of this type of exercise and satisfies the goals such as increased lactate and growth hormone expected from high intensity exercises.

Keywords

References

1. Abe T, Yasuda T, Midorikawa T, Sato Y, Inoue K, Koizumi K, et al. (2005).Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily “KAATSU” resistance training. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research.1(1):6-12.

2. Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K. (2005).Short vs. long rest period between the sets in hypertrophic resistance training: influence on muscle strength, size, and hormonal adaptations in trained men. Journal of Strength and conditioning Research.19(3):572.

3. Abe T, Kearns CF, Sato Y. (2006).Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the leg muscle, Kaatsu-walk training. Journal of Applied Physiology.100(5):1460-6.

4. Abe T, Hinata S, Koizumi K, Sato Y. (2005).Day-to-day change in muscle strength and MRI-measured skeletal muscle size during 7 days KAATSU resistance training: A case study. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research.1(2):71-6.

5. Burgomaster KA, Moore DR, Schofield LM, Phillips SM, Sale DG, Gibala MJ. (2003).Resistance training with vascular occlusion: metabolic adaptations in human muscle. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.35(7):1203-8.

6. Etheridge T, Atherton PJ, Wilkinson D, Selby A, Rankin D, Webborn N, et al. (2011).Effects of hypoxia on muscle protein synthesis and anabolic signaling at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.301(4):E697-702.

7. Fujita T, Kurita K, Sato Y, Abe T. (2008).Increased muscle volume and strength following six days of low-intensity resistance training with restricted muscle blood flow. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research.4(1):1-8.

8. Fujita T, Brechue WF, Kurita K, Sato Y, Abe T. (2008).Increased muscle volume and strength following six days of low-intensity resistance training with restricted muscle blood flow. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research.4(1):1-8.

9. Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, et al. (2007).Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. Journal of applied physiology.103(3):903-10.

10. Goto K, Ishii N, Kizuka T, Takamatsu K. (2005).The impact of metabolic stress on hormonal responses and muscular adaptations. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.37(6):955-63.

11. Hamlin M, Marshall H, Hellemans J, Ainslie P, Anglem N. (2010).Effect of intermittent hypoxic training on 20 km time trial and 30 s anaerobic performance. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.20(4):651-61.

12. Kawamori N, Haff GG. (2004).The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning research.18(3):675-84.

13. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. (2005).Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine.35(4):339-61.

14. Kraemer WJ, Marchitelli L, Gordon SE, Harman E, Dziados JE, Mello R, et al. (1990).Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols. Journal of Applied Physiology.69(4):1442-50.

15. Khajelandi M, Nikbakht M, Janbozorgi M. (2017).Comparing the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training with and without vascular occlusion on growth hormone levels in female physical educayion students. Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Qum.11(8):29-36.

16. Kon M, Ikeda T, Homma T, Akimoto T, Suzuki Y, Kawahara T. (2010).Effects of acute hypoxia on metabolic and hormonal responses to resistance exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.42(7):1279-85.

17. Kon M, Ikeda T, Homma T, Suzuki Y. (2012).Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise under acute systemic hypoxia on hormonal responses. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.26(3):611-7.

18. Kon M, Nakagaki K, Ebi Y, Nishiyama T, Russell AP. (2015).Hormonal and metabolic responses to repeated cycling sprints under different hypoxic conditions. Growth Hormone & IGF Research.25(3):121-6.

19. Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Wilson JM, Bemben MG. (2011).Blood flow restriction: the metabolite/volume threshold theory. Med Hypotheses.77(5):748-52.

20. Laurentino GC, Ugrinowitsch C, Roschel H, Aoki MS, Soares AG, Neves Jr M, et al. (2012).Strength training with blood flow restriction diminishes myostatin gene expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc.44(3):406-12.

21. Laurentino G, Ugrinowitsch C, Aihara A, Fernandes A, Parcell A, Ricard M, et al. (2008).Effects of strength training and vascular occlusion. International journal of sports medicine.29(08):664-7.

22. Leite S, Reis A, Colnezi G, Souza F, Ferracini H. (2015).Influence of Vascular Occlusion in Concentration of Growth Hormone and Lactate in Athletes during Strengthening Quadriceps Exercise. Occup Med Health Aff.3(195):2.

23. Meeuwsen T, Hendriksen IJ, Holewijn M. (2001).Training-induced increases in sea-level performance are enhanced by acute intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. European journal of applied physiology.84(4):283-90.

24. Marx JO, Ratamess NA, Nindl BC, Gotshalk LA, Volek JS, Dohi K, et al. (2001).Low-volume circuit versus high-volume periodized resistance training in women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.33(4):635-43.

25. Moore DR, Burgomaster KA, Schofield LM, Gibala MJ, Sale DG, Phillips SM. (2004).Neuromuscular adaptations in human muscle following low intensity resistance training with vascular occlusion. European journal of applied physiology.92(4-5):399-406.

26. Manimmanakorn A, Hamlin MJ, Ross JJ, Taylor R, Manimmanakorn N. (2013).Effects of low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction or hypoxia on muscle function and performance in netball athletes. Journal of science and medicine in sport.16(4):337-42.

27. Manini TM, Clark BC. (2009).Blood flow restricted exercise and skeletal muscle health. Exercise and sport sciences reviews.37(2):78-85.

28. Nishimura A, Sugita M, Kato K, Fukuda A, Sudo A, Uchida A. (2010).Hypoxia increases muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training. International journal of sports physiology and performance.5(4):497-508.

29. Pearson D, Faigenbaum A, Conley M, Kraemer WJ. (2000).The National Strength and Conditioning Association's basic guidelines for the resistance training of athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal.22(4):14.

30. Patterson SD, Leggate M, Nimmo MA, Ferguson RA. (2013).Circulating hormone and cytokine response to low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction in older men. European journal of applied physiology.113(3):713-9.

31. Reeves GV, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Clavier J, Thomas C, Francois M, et al. (2006).Comparison of hormone responses following light resistance exercise with partial vascular occlusion and moderately difficult resistance exercise without occlusion. Journal of applied physiology.101(6):1616-22.

32. Richalet J-P, Letournel M, Souberbielle J-C. (2010).Effects of high-altitude hypoxia on the hormonal response to hypothalamic factors. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.299(6):R1685-R92.

33. STAND P. (2009).Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.41(3):687-708.

34. Scott BR, Slattery KM, Sculley DV, Dascombe BJ. (2014).Hypoxia and resistance exercise: a comparison of localized and systemic methods. Sports Med.44(8):1037-54.

35. Suga T, Okita K, Morita N, Yokota T, Hirabayashi K, Horiuchi M, et al. (2009).Intramuscular metabolism during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction. Journal of Applied Physiology.106(4):1119-24.

36. Takano H, Morita T, Iida H, Asada K, Kato M, Uno K, et al. (2005).Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. Eur J Appl Physiol.95(1):65-73.

37. Takarada Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, Onda T, Miyazaki S, Ishii N. (2000).Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. Journal of applied physiology.88(1):61-5.

38. Terrados N, Jansson E, Sylven C, Kaijser L)1990).Is hypoxia a stimulus for synthesis of oxidative enzymes and myoglobin? Journal of Applied Physiology.68(6):2369-72.

39. Takarada Y, Sato Y, Ishii N. (2002).Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. European journal of applied physiology.86(4):308-14.

40. Takano H, Morita T, Iida H, Asada K-i, Kato M, Uno K, et al. (2005).Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. European journal of applied physiology.95(1):65-73.

41. West D. The Impact of Exercise-Induced Hormonal Changes on Human Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Responses to Resistance Exercise 2012.

Metabolism and Exercise

The acute effects of resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction on blood lactate and growth hormone in collegiate wrestlers

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 2
November 2018
Pages 137-150

The acute effects of resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction on blood lactate and growth hormone in collegiate wrestlers

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 2November 2018Pages 137-150

Volume 8, Issue 2
November 2018
Pages 137-150