Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Authors
1 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 1. MSc in Exercise physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of L-Arginine supplementation on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in overweight individuals. Methods: Ten male overweight students performed two HIIE trials including 10 intervals of 3 min encompassed 1 min running at 100% of vVO2max and 2 min active recovery at 40% of vVO2max. In each session subjects consumed either supplement or placebo 90 min prior to exercise. Before and after supplementation and immediately after exercise glucose, insulin, non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride were measured. Oxygen consumption and exhaled carbon dioxide were collected to calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Results: There were no significant differences between two trials for glucose, insulin, NEFA, triglyceride and fat oxidation (P>0.05). However, carbohydrate oxidation rate was significantly different between two sessions (p < 0.05). In addition, glucose and carbohydrate oxidation were significantly increased following HIIE irrespective of L-Arginine supplementation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study it could be concluded that L-Arginine supplementation leads to increases in carbohydrate oxidation during HIIE in overweight men, but has no effect on resting at metabolism.
Keywords
- Adeva-andany MM. González-lucán M. Donapetry-garcía C. Fernández C. Meneiros-Rodríguez E. (2016). Glycogen metabolism in humans. BBA clinical, 5, 85-100.
- Alkahtani S. (2014). Comparing fat oxidation in an exercise test with moderate-intensity interval training. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13, 51.
- Bassami M. Ahmadizad S. Doran D. Maclaren DP. (2007). Effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat metabolism in trained and untrained older males. European journal of applied physiology, 101, 525-532.
- Bi’e tan XL. Yin Y. WU Z. Liu C. Tekwe CD. WU G. (2012). Regulatory roles for L-arginine in reducing white adipose tissue. Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library, 17, 2237.
- BogdanskI P. Suliburska J. Grabanska K. Musialik K. Cieslewicz A. Skoluda A. Jablecka A. (2012). Effect of 3-month L-arginine supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor activity in patients with visceral obesity. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 16, 816-823.
- Cassidy S. Thoma C. Houghton D. Trenell MI. (2017). High-intensity interval training: a review of its impact on glucose control and cardiometabolic health. Diabetologia, 60, 7-23.
- Claybaugh T. Decker S. Mccall K. Slyvka Y. Steimle J. Wood A. Schaefer M. Thuma J. Inman S. (2014). L-arginine supplementation in type II diabetic rats preserves renal function and improves insulin sensitivity by altering the nitric oxide pathway. International journal of endocrinology.
- Ebong IA. Goff DC. Rodriguez CJ. Chen H. Bertoni AG. (2014). Mechanisms of heart failure in obesity. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 8, e540-e548.
- Forbes SC. Harber V. Bell GJ. (2013). The acute effects of L-arginine on hormonal and metabolic responses during submaximal exercise in trained cyclists. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 23, 369-377.
10. Frayn KN.( 1983). Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. Journal of Apply Physiology. 55:628-34.
- 11. Fu WJ. Haynes TE. Kohli R. Hu J. SHi W. Spencer TE. Carroll RJ. Meininger CJ. Wu G. (2005). Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. The Journal of nutrition, 135, 714-721.
- 12. Gibala MJ. Mcgee SL. (2008). Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 36, 58-63.
- 13. Goto K. Ishii N. Mizuno A. Takamatsu K. (2007). Enhancement of fat metabolism by repeated bouts of moderate endurance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 102, 2158-2164.
- 14. Hill J. Peters J. Catenacci V. Wyatt H. (2008). International strategies to address obesity. Obesity reviews, 9, 41-47.
- 15. Hoshino D. Kitaoka Y. Hatta H. (2016). High-intensity interval training enhances oxidative capacity and substrate availability in skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 5, 13-23.
- 16. Issekutz JRB. Miller H. (1962). Plasma free fatty acids during exercise and the effect of lactic acid. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 110, 237-239.
17. Jobgen WS. Fried SK. Fu WJ. Meininger CJ. Wu G. (2006). Regulatory role for the arginine–nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 17, 571-588.
- 18. Lira FS. Zanchi NE. Lima-Silva AE. Pires FO. BertuzzI RC. Santos RV. Caperuto EC. Kiss M A. Seelaender M. (2009). Acute high-intensity exercise with low energy expenditure reduced LDL-c and total cholesterol in men. European journal of applied physiology, 107, 203-210.
- 19. Lucotti P. Setola E. Monti LD. Galluccio E. Costa S. Sandoli EP. Fermo I. Rabaiotti G. Gatti R. Piatti P. (2006). Beneficial effects of a long-term oral L-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in obese, insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 291, E906-E912.
- 20. Mcconell GK. (2007). Effects of L-arginine supplementation on exercise metabolism. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 10, 46-51.
- 21. Mcknight JR. Satterfield MC. Jobgen WS. Smith SB. Spencer TE. Meininger CJ. Mcneal CJ. Wu G. (2010). Beneficial effects of L-arginine on reducing obesity: potential mechanisms and important implications for human health. Amino acids, 39, 349-357.
- 22. Miller RA. Birnbaum MJ. (2016). Glucagon: acute actions on hepatic metabolism. Diabetologia, 59, 1376-1381.
- 23. Nascimento M. Higa E. DE Mello M. Tufik S. Oyama L. Santos R. Farfan JA. Risso E. DE Souza C. Pimentel G. (2014). Effects of short-term l-arginine supplementation on lipid profile and inflammatory proteins after acute resistance exercise in overweight men. e-SPEN Journal, 9, e141-e145.
- 24. Richter EA. Hargreaves M. (2013). Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiological reviews, 93, 993-1017.
25. Vieira Teixeira DA Silva D. Adam Conte-Junior C. Margaret FPV. DA Silveira AT. 2014. Hormonal response to L-arginine supplementation in physically active individuals. Food & nutrition research, 58, 22569.
- 26. Whyte LJ. Ferguson C. Wilson J. Scott RA. Gill JM. (2013). Effects of single bout of very high-intensity exercise on metabolic health biomarkers in overweight/obese sedentary men. Metabolism, 62, 212-219.
- 27. Wu G. Bazer FW. Davis TA. Kim SW. LI P. Rhoads JM. Satterfield MC. Smith SB. Spencer TE. Yin Y. (2009). Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino acids, 37, 153-168.
- 28. Wu G. Lee MJ. Fried SK. (2007). The arginine-NO pathway modulates lipolysis in adipose tissues of obese human subjects. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
- 29. Wu G. Meininger CJ. (2009). Nitric oxide and vascular insulin resistance. Biofactors.;35(1):21-7.