Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Authors
Department of physical education , rasht branch , Islamic azad university , rasht, Iran
Abstract
Objective: Neutrophils contain myeloperoxidase enzyme, which is involved in many cellular processes by producing oxidants and catalyzing hypochlorous acid. On the other hand, from middle age, physiological protection against oxidative stress starts to decrease. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine myeloperoxidase and total oxidative status changes in healthy trained middle-aged men participating in regular recreational exercise training and untrained subjects.
Methodology: 20 trained (age 53.85±2.94, BMI 25.47±1.6, VO2max 42.38±2.8) and 17 untrained (age 54.17±2.83, BMI 27.83±1.12, VO2max 31.86±1.67) subjects participated in the study. Subjects performed a modified Bruce treadmill test as a model of progressive exercise training. Blood samples were taken before (T0), immediately after (T1) and one hour after the end of the test (T2).
Results: There was no significant changes in pretest myeloperoxidase level in both groups, but these values were significantly changed in untrained group compared to the trained group at T1 and T2. Total oxidant status levels in both groups increased significantly after completing the test compared to the pretest.
Conclusion: Regular participation in recreational exercise training can reduce the level of myeloperoxidase and total oxidative capacity of healthy middle-aged men, and may be a proper way to have a healthy lifestyle along with reduced immune system and oxidative stress markers caused by aging in middle-aged men.
Keywords
- Adeva-Andany M, López-Ojén M, Funcasta-Calderón R, Ameneiros-Rodríguez E, Donapetry-García C, Vila-Altesor M, et al. (2014). Comprehensive review on lactate metabolism in human health. Mitochondrion.17:76-100.
- Aird TP, Davies RW, Carson BP. (2018). Effects of fasted vs fed‐state exercise on performance and post‐exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.28(5):1476-93.
- Astorino TA, Schubert MM. (2018). Changes in fat oxidation in response to various regimes of high intensity interval training (hiit). European Journal of Applied Physiology.118(1):51-63.
- Carnevali Jr L, Eder R, Lira F, Lima W, Gonçalves D, Zanchi N, et al. (2012). Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research.45(8):777-83.
- Cluberton L, McGee SL, Murphy RM, Hargreaves M. (2005). Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on exercise-induced alterations in metabolic gene expression. J Appl Physiol.99:1359-63.
- Durkalec-Michalski K, Zawieja EE, Podgórski T, Łoniewski I, Zawieja BE, Warzybok M, et al. (2018). The effect of chronic progressive-dose sodium bicarbonate ingestion on crossfit-like performance: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. PloS one.13(5):e0197480.
- Escobar KA, Morales J, Vandusseldorp TA. (2017). Metabolic profile of a crossfit training bout. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise.12(4):1248-55.
- Eun-Ju C, Wi-Young S, Jeong TT. (2017). Effects of the crossfit exercise data analysis on body composition and blood profiles. Iranian journal of public health.46(9):1193-203.
- Glassman G. (2010). Crossfit level 1. Training guide seminars training guide reference. CrossFit Journal, May.15.
- Hall UA, Edin F, Madsen K. (2015). Whole-body fat oxidation increases more by prior exercise than overnight fasting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.47(5S):826.
- Heigenhauser GJ, Parolin ML. Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase in lactate production in exercising human skeletal muscle. (Springer;1999). Hypoxia. p. 205-18.
- Heinrich KM, Becker C, Carlisle T, Gilmore K, Hauser J, Frye J, et al. (2015). High‐intensity functional training improves functional movement and body composition among cancer survivors: A pilot study. European journal of cancer care.24(6):812-7.
- Jacob N, Novaes JS, Behm DG, Vieira JG, Dias MR, Vianna JM. (2020). Characterization of hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in crossfit® training: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology.11.
- Jaspers RT, Zillikens MC, Friesema EC, delli Paoli G, Bloch W, Uitterlinden AG, et al. (2017). Exercise, fasting, and mimetics: Toward beneficial combinations? The FASEB Journal.31(1):14-28.
- Jeoung NH, Harris RA. (2010). Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in regulation of blood glucose levels. Korean diabetes journal.34(5):274-83.
- Maté-Muñoz JL, Lougedo JH, Barba M, Cañuelo-Márquez AM, Guodemar-Pérez J, García-Fernández P, et al. (2018). Cardiometabolic and muscular fatigue responses to different crossfit® workouts. Journal of sports science & medicine.17(4):668.
- Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wojna J, Zuwala-Jagiello J. (2015). Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest, after wingate and progressive tests, and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women. J Physiol Pharmacol.66(6):811-21.
- Noland RC. Exercise and regulation of lipid metabolism. (Elsevier;2015). Progress in molecular biology and translational science. p. 39-74.
- Shaw SB, Dullabh M, Forbes G, Brandkamp J-L, Shaw I. (2015). Analysis of physiological determinants during a single bout of crossfit. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport.15(3):809-15.
- Thompson WR. (2017). Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2018: The crep edition. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal.21(6):10-9.
- Thum JS, Parsons G, Whittle T, Astorino TA. (2017). High-intensity interval training elicits higher enjoyment than moderate intensity continuous exercise. PloS one.12(1):e0166299.
- Tibana RA, de Almeida LM, Frade de Sousa NM, Nascimento Dda C, Neto I, de Almeida JA, et al. (2016). Two consecutive days of crossfit training affects pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoprotegerin without impairments in muscle power. Front Physiol.7(6):260.
- Tibana RA, De Sousa NMF, Prestes J, Voltarelli FA. (2018). Lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses to shorter and longer duration crossfit® training sessions. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology.3(4):60.
- Wang L, Sahlin K. (2012). The effect of continuous and interval exercise on pgc‐1α and pdk4 mrna in type i and type ii fibres of human skeletal muscle. Acta physiologica.204(4):525-32.
- Zhang S, Hulver MW, McMillan RP, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. (2014). The pivotal role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases in metabolic flexibility. Nutrition & metabolism.11(1):1-9.
)