Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license

Authors

1 Associate professor in exercise physiology, Department of exercise physiology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran,

2 MSc in exercise physiology, Department of exercise physiology, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Abstract

Aim: Exercise is recommended for the management of type 2 diabetes, but its effects on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes are not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) of male patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Twenty-two men (age: 51.5 ± 3.3 years and body mass index: 27.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2 mean ± SD) with type 2 diabetes participated as the subject. The subjects were randomly assigned to control or training group based on their eGFR. The subjects in the training group performed 3 sets with 8 to 15 repetitions of resistance training with 50-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The subjects in the control group were instructed to maintain their normal physical activity throughout the study. Fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, eGFR and CD5L were measured at baseline and 48h after the intervention.
Results: The results indicated that fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance index and CD5L decrease in the training group compare to the control group (P<0.05); however, fasting insulin has no significant change after the intervention. Although eGFR has no significant change in the training group; but it was decreased significantly in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In summary, it seems that resistance training utilized in this study improves blood glycemic and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords

Main Subjects

   

 

This is an open access article distributed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

  1. Ala-Houhala I (1990). Effects of exercise on glomerular passage of macromolecules in patients with diabetic nephropathy and in healthy subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Investigat. 50: 27-33.
  2. Alshawaf E, Abu-Farha M, Devarajan S, Alsairafi Z, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, et al (2019). ANGPTL4: A predictive marker for diabetic nephropathy. J Diabet Res. 2019: 1-8.
  3. Brzycki M (1993). Strength testing: Predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. J Health Physic Edu Recreat Dance. 64: 88-90.
  4. Calle MC, Fernandez ML (2010). Effects of resistance training on the inflammatory response. Nutr Res Prac. 4: 259-269.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet, 2017. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/ diabetes/pubs/pdf/kidney_factsheet.pdf. Accessed March 2017.
  6. Chen X, Sun X, Wang C, He H (2020). Effects of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Oxid Med Cell Long. 2020: 1-12.
  7. Church TS, Barlow CE, Earnest CP, Kampert JB, Priest EL, Blair SN (2002). Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and Creactive protein in men. Arterioscl Thromb Vascul Biol. 22:1869-1876.
  8. Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M (2008). Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Physic Therap. 88: 1254-1264.
  9. Dunkler D, Gao P, Lee SF, Heinze G, Clase CM, Tobe S, et al (2015). Risk prediction for early CKD in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 10: 1371-1379.
  10. Gebe JA, Kiener PA, Ring HZ, Li X, Francke U, Aruffo A (1997). Molecular cloning, mapping to human chromosome 1 q21-q23, and cell binding characteristics of Spalpha, a new member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family of proteins. JBiol Chem. 272: 6151-6158.
  11. Guido B, Vincenzo S, Domenico SJ (2008). Renal alterations during Exercise. J Renal Nutr. 18: 158-164.
  12. Hejnová J, Majercík M, Polák J, Richterová B, Crampes F, deGlisezinski I, et al (2004). Effect of dynamic strength training on insulin sensitivity in men with insulin resistance. Casopis Lekaru Ceskych. 143:762-765.
  13. Ibañez J, Izquierdo M, Argüelles I, Forga L, Larrión JL, García-Unciti M, et al (2005). Twice-weekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. Diabete Care. 28: 662-667.
  14. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang Y, Castro AF, Feldman HI, et al (2009). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Annal Intern Med. 150: 604-612.
  15. Lim AKH, Tesch GH (2012). Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Med Inflamm. 2012: 1-12.
  16. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985). Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 28: 412-419.
  17. Miller WJ, Sherman WM, Ivy JL (1984). Effect of strength training on glucose tolerance and postglucose insulin response. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 16: 539-543.
  18. Moraes MR, Rosa TS, Souza MK, Neves RVP, Bacurau RFP, Passos CS, et al (2018). Resistance training downregulates macrophages infiltration in the kidney of 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Life Sciences. 2013: 190-197.
  19. Mottl AK, Kwon KS, Mauer M, Mayer-Davis EJ, Hogan SL, Kshirsagar AV (2013). Normoal buminuric diabetic kidney disease in the US population. J Diabete Comp. 27: 123-127.
  20. Naresh CN, Hayen A, Weening A, Craig JC, Chadban SJ (2013). Day-to-day variability in spot urine albumin-creatinine ratio. Am J Kid Diseas. 62: 1095-1101.
  21. National Kidney Foundation. How to classify CKD. (2021). Available from: https://www.kidney.org.            
  22. Oki K, Yamane K, Kamei N, Nojima H, Kohno N (2007). Circulating visfatin level is correlated with inflammation, but not with insulin resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 67:796-800.
  23. Omidi M, Moghadasi M (2018). Effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on pancreatic β-cells function and insulin resistance of female patients with type 2 diabetes. Iran J Diabete Metab. 17: 79-86.
  24. Peters KE, Davis WA, Ito J, Winfield K, Stoll T, Bringans SD, et al (2017). Identification of novel circulating biomarkers predicting rapid decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II. Diabetes Care. 40: 1548-1555.
  25. Peters KE, Davis WA, Ito J, Winfield K, Stoll T, Bringans SD, et al (2017). Identification of novel circulating biomarkers predicting rapid decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes: The fremantle diabetes study phase II. Diabetes Care. 40: 1548-1555.
  26. Peters KE, Xu J, Bringans SD, Davis WA, Davis TME, Hansen MK, et al (2020). PromarkerD predicts renal function decline in type 2 diabetes in the canagliflozin cardiovascular assessment study (CANVAS). J Clin Med. 9: 3212-3221.
  27. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Diabete Res Clin Prac. 157: 107843.
  28. Samavati Sharif MA, Siavoshy H (2016). The effect of 10 weeks of aerobic exercises on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urea, creatine and uric acid levels in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. J Sport Bioscience. 7: 579-591.
  29. Samavati Sharif MA, Siavoshy H (2014). The effects of a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on GFR and serum factors of renal function in men with type 2 diabetes. Sport Physiol. 22: 109-124.
  30. Sanjurjo L, Aran G, Roher N, Valledor AF, Sarrias MR (2015). AIM/CD5L: a key protein in the control of immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. J Leukocyt Biol. 98:173-184.
  31. Smith JK, Dykes R, Douglas JE, Krishnaswamy G, Berk S (1999). Long-term exercise and atherogenic activity of blood mononuclear cells in persons at risk of developing ischemic heart disease. J Am Med Associat. 281:1722-1727.
  32. Soukup JT, Kovaleski JE (1993). A review of the effects of resistance training for individuals with diabetes mellitus. Diabete Edu. 19: 307-312.
  33. Stoll T, Bringans S, Winfield K, Casy T, Davis W, Peters K, et al (2015). Method of assessing diabetic nephropathy using CD5 antigen-like. U.S. patent 9146243 B2 2015.
  34. Tarazón E, Corbacho-Alonso N, Barderas MG, Gil-Cayuela C, García-Manzanares M, Feijóo-Bandín S, et al (2020). Plasma CD5L and non-invasive diagnosis of acute heart rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant. 39: 257-266.
  35. Vasylyeva TL, Ferry Jr RJ (2007). Novel roles of the IGF–IGFBP axis in etiopathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Diabete Res Clin Prac. 76: 177-186.

Yamamoto-Kabasawa K, Hosojima M, Yata Y, Saito M, Tanaka N, Tanaka J, et al (2015). Benefits of a 12-week lifestyle modification program including diet and combined aerobic and resistance exercise on albuminuria in diabetic and non-diabetic Japanese populations. Clin Experiment Nephrol. 19: 1079-1089.