Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Authors
- Amin Nasrollah Zadeh Faridi
- Najmeh Rezaeian
- Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi
- Ali Yaghoubi
- Mostafa Teymoori Kharvi
Department of physical education, Bojnourd branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran
Abstract
Objective: The TGR5 receptor regulates energy homeostasis by enhancing thermogenesis in adipose tissue and controlling appetite in the hypothalamus. This study investigated the effects of interval and continuous training on TGR5 gene expression in the adipose tissue and hypothalamus of obese male diabetic rats.
Methodology: Sixteen healthy 8-week-old male Wistar rats were selected. Twelve rats were induced with diabetes via a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection (25 mg/kg). Animals were divided into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, interval training, and continuous training. Training protocols lasted eight weeks (5 sessions/week). TGR5 gene expression in adipose tissue and hypothalamus was measured using Real-Time PCR. The TyG index (insulin resistance) was also assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (P<0.05).
Results: Diabetes significantly decreased TGR5 expression in adipose tissue (P=0.001) and hypothalamus (P=0.0001) while increasing the TyG index (P=0.0001). Both exercise modalities reversed these changes, significantly increasing TGR5 expression and decreasing the TyG index compared to the diabetic group (P<0.05). However, interval training was significantly more effective than continuous training in upregulating TGR5 (P<0.001) and lowering insulin resistance, bringing these variables closer to healthy control levels. Conversely, continuous training did not significantly differ from the healthy control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion:* Both interval and continuous training increase TGR5 gene expression in the adipose tissue and hypothalamus of obese diabetic rats. However, interval training is superior in upregulating this receptor and improving metabolic parameters, including blood glucose, triglycerides, and insulin resistance.
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