Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Authors
- Seyed Ebrahim Hoseini 1
- Fatemeh Shabkhiz 2
- Mehdi Shabanli 1
- Shima Mojtahedi 2
- Ali Akbarnejad Gharelo 3
1 MSc Student of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Objective: Obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and impaired adipokine profile. This study investigated the independent and combined effects of aerobic training and saffron supplementation on serum levels of omentin-1, nesfatin-1, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in obese women with T2DM.
Methodology: In this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 44 obese women with T2DM (50–60 years) were assigned to four groups (n = 11 per group): aerobic training plus saffron, aerobic training plus placebo, saffron, and placebo. The intervention lasted 9 weeks. The aerobic training program was progressively performed, and saffron groups received 200 mg/day saffron supplementation. Serum biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test, and paired-samples t-test (p < 0.05).
Results: Significant between-group differences were observed for all biomarkers (p < 0.05). Compared with placebo, all intervention groups showed increased omentin-1, nesfatin-1, and IL-10 levels and reduced hs-CRP concentrations (all p < 0.001). The aerobic training plus saffron group demonstrated greater improvements in omentin-1, nesfatin-1, and hs-CRP compared with aerobic training and saffron alone groups (p ≤ 0.015).
Conclusion: Aerobic training and saffron supplementation, particularly in combination, improved adipokine profile and reduced systemic inflammation in obese women with T2DM. This combined intervention may represent a promising adjunctive strategy for
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