Exercise Physiology
Hafez Eynavi; Aboalhamid habibi; Rouhollah Ranjbar; Mohammad Rami
Abstract
Aim: Resistance exercise is Effective factor that stimulate anabolic and catabolic hormones. The ingestion of sport supplements before resistance exercise can affect the hormonal responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the ingestion of a pre-workout supplement and resistance exercise on hormonal ...
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Aim: Resistance exercise is Effective factor that stimulate anabolic and catabolic hormones. The ingestion of sport supplements before resistance exercise can affect the hormonal responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the ingestion of a pre-workout supplement and resistance exercise on hormonal responses.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover design, sixteen male physical education students (age: 22.9±1.7yr, weight: 67.8±4.0 kg, and BMI: 23.1±1.7 kgm2/) completed two resistance exercise sessions with one week washout period between each session. Participants consumed supplement or placebo 30 minutes before exercise. The supplement was a single scoop (6.5 g) of the C4 pre-workout (cellucor company), and the placebo was 6.5 g maltodextrin. Blood samples were taken before, immediately post, and after 1 hour pos-exercise to analyze growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and blood lactate. For analysis of data were used the repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.Results: The results had shown that there were no significant differences in acute responses of testosterone, cortisol, and blood lactate immediately post and one hour after resistance exercise between placebo and supplement conditions (p>0.05). However, the rise of growth hormone after exercise was higher in supplement condition than placebo condition (p<0.025).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the C4 supplement has no effective response on reducing lactate accumulation due to resistance exercise and has no consequence on buffering system, but can increase growth levels according to the enhancement of anabolic conditions in the body.
hamideh montazery taleghani; nader shakeri; khosrow ebrahim; rahman soori; M Gholami
Abstract
Background: A main reason of death in diabetes is cardiovascular diseases, which apoptosis plays a critical role through the progress. As known, body exercises can avoid damaging effects of apoptosis on human heart. This study is investigating the effects of resistance exercises in a period of 8 weeks ...
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Background: A main reason of death in diabetes is cardiovascular diseases, which apoptosis plays a critical role through the progress. As known, body exercises can avoid damaging effects of apoptosis on human heart. This study is investigating the effects of resistance exercises in a period of 8 weeks on cardiomyocyte apoptosis status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats..Materials and methods:20 male wistar rats with age of 8 weeks and 210-250 g weight randomly allocated into two groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg) in diabetic groups. The resistance training carried out a step ladder, load of 30-100 percentage of weight whereas control group remained sedentary. Measuring training adaptations blood and heart tissue samples were taken bout The level of the serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, and gene expression levels Bcl-2,Bax,caspase8 and the ratio of bax/ Bcl-2 were assessed. Results: Implementation of 8 weeks of resistance exercise resulted significant decrease in gene expression levels Bax and the ratio of bax/ Bcl-2 (p=0/000)and a significant increase in Bcl-2(p=0/000) and caspase 8 (p=0/004) compare with control group in diabetic rats.Conclusion: The results show that resistance exercise may be used as a non‐pharmacological strategy to reduce the diabetes‐induced apoptosis in the heart in diabetes disease. Keyword:Type 2 diabetes,apoptosis,resistance exercise, gene expression
R Rahimi; A Jalali
Abstract
َAim: In this study, the effect of green tea extract consumption on plasma Homocysteine (Hcy) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was evaluated after acute resistance exercise in untrained men.
Method: For this purpose, 8 sedentary males (age 36.12±3.11 year; BMI 22.59±2.11kgm2) ...
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َAim: In this study, the effect of green tea extract consumption on plasma Homocysteine (Hcy) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was evaluated after acute resistance exercise in untrained men.
Method: For this purpose, 8 sedentary males (age 36.12±3.11 year; BMI 22.59±2.11kgm2) randomly selected and, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study consumed green tea extract (two capsules of 500 mg per day) or placebo (2 capsules of 500 mg per day maltodextrin) for 2 weeks. After this period, they participated in resistance exercise that involves three sets with 75% of one repetition maximum (1RM) and 2 minutes rest between sets and exercises. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein before and after the resistance exercise to determine the concentration of Hcy and ox-LDL.Results: The result of for ANOVA Repeated Measures showed significant differences in ox-LDL concentration in time and between conditions of green tea extract and placebo (P<0.05), Bonferroni post hoc test was used to check further evaluation, revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of ox-LDL immediately after resistance exercise in green tea compared with placebo (p<0.05) and t-test showed a significant increase in this index in pre-test compared to post-test in the placebo condition (p<0.01). In relation to serum concentration of Hcy, findings suggest a significant increase in this Index at post-test compared to pre-test only in terms of taking placebo (p<0.01).Conclusion: In general, the findings suggest a beneficial effect of 2 weeks green tea extract to prevent a significant increase in serum levels of ox-LDL after acute resistance exercise which is known as one of the key factors in the development of atherosclerosis. However, consumption of green tea extract did not have significant effect on serum Hcy concentration after acute resistance exercise.
Majid Seifi Azarnejad
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 151-163
Abstract
Aim: silymarin has anti -inflammatory, antioxidant, stabilizes cell membranes and regulate cell permeability properties and could be prevent the undesirable some of muscle damage indices in patients and even athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of administration ...
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Aim: silymarin has anti -inflammatory, antioxidant, stabilizes cell membranes and regulate cell permeability properties and could be prevent the undesirable some of muscle damage indices in patients and even athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of administration of silymarin in youth male soccer athletes after one-bout resistance exercise. Method: Eighteen young male soccer players (mean age 16.09±1.31 years, body fat 14.21±2.87% and BMI 21.96±0.70 kg.m2) in a quasi-experimental and randomized design. All subjects were divided in two homogeneous supplement and placebo groups of 9 subjects: (include: 140 mg capsules silymarin or dextrose 3 times daily for two week). After the supplementation, all subjects were participated a one- bout circle resistance exercise protocol (with 80 % 1-RM in 3 sets with 6 repetition) include six station participated. Changes in cellular damage indices (total serum CK and LDH) were determined in three stages (baseline, after supplementation period and 24 hours after the exercise). Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, bonferroni and independent t test at α≤0.05. Results: The results showed that the silymarin supplementation had no significant effect on the basal cell enzymes activity (P≥0.05). Moreover, resistance exercise significantly increased level of cellular injury serum enzymes 24-hour after exercise in both group (P≤0.05). However, the change range in all of cell enzymes activity of placebo group was significantly more than in the silymarin group after 24 hours of exercise (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present findings, it maybe concluded that silymarin supplementation did significantly prevent further undesirable changes resistance exercise-induced cell damage in young male soccer players.
Ramin Amirsasan; Ali Zarghami Khameneh; Ali Ojagi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 159-172
Abstract
Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of creatine loading on some delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices (biochemical, functional and superficial) following resistance exercise in male wrestler. Methodology: Eighteen volunteer male wrestler (age 21.11±1.13 ...
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Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of creatine loading on some delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices (biochemical, functional and superficial) following resistance exercise in male wrestler. Methodology: Eighteen volunteer male wrestler (age 21.11±1.13 years, body fat 12.67±1.84 %, and BMI 21.96±0.70 kg.m2) were assigned to a randomized and double-blind into two equal creatine (n=10) and placebo (n=10) groups. After six consecutive days supplementation (300 mg.kg-1.day body weight creatine or dextrose), all subjects were participated in one single- session circuit resistance exercise protocol (with 80% 1-RM in 3 sets with 6 repetition) include six station. Changes in muscle soreness indices were determined in three phases (before supplementation phase, immediately and 24 hours after the resistance exercise protocol). Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni and independent T test at P≤0.05. Results: The results show that the one-session resistance exercise protocol significantly increased the creatine kinase (CK) and perceived muscle soreness index (P≤0.05). Although, the 24-hour of serum CK change ranges in creatine group were significantly less than in placebo group (P≤0.05). While, the 24-hour differences of lower limb’s swelling, flexibility, maximal isometric strength, and explosive power between two groups were not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the short-term creatine loading leads to attenuate the adverse effects of undesirable muscle soreness indices (serum total CK). Therefore, based on the present results, that creatine loading could reduce the muscle soreness ranges following the resistance exercise.
Kazem Ranjbar; Hasan Matinhomaee; Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani; Maghsood Peeri
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 35-44
Abstract
Aim: Effect of zizyphus jujube extract and resistance exercise on liver damaging biomarkers in male rats toxicated by anabolic steroid. Method: 42 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: group 1: control, group 2: sham, group 3: anabolic steroid (5 mg/kg), group 4: anabolic steroid (5 ...
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Aim: Effect of zizyphus jujube extract and resistance exercise on liver damaging biomarkers in male rats toxicated by anabolic steroid. Method: 42 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: group 1: control, group 2: sham, group 3: anabolic steroid (5 mg/kg), group 4: anabolic steroid (5 mg/kg) + zizyphus jujube extract (600 mg/kg), group 5: anabolic steroid (5 mg/kg) + resistance exercise, and group 6: anabolic steroid (5 mg/kg) + zizyphus jujube extract (600 mg/kg) + resistance exercise. Apart from the control and sham groups, anabolic steroid with a 5 mg per kg dose was injected to other groups once a week. The resistance exercise protocol were consisted of three exercise sessions per week by 5 repetitions in 3 sets of climbing ladder for eight weeks. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software, using ANOVA. Results: The results of this study revealed a significant increase in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and direct and total bilirubins in the anabolic steroid group (group 3) compared to the control and sham groups (p < 0.05). In addition, zizyphus jujube treatment (group 4), resistance exercise (group 5), and treatment with resistance exercise (group 6) caused a significant decrease in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and direct and total Bilirubins. There were no-significant differences in albumin concentration between experimental groups Conclusion: : Zizyphus jujube extract consumption as well as resistance exercise caused a significant decrease in liver damaging biomarkers. Hence, the simultaneous use of resistance exercise and zizyphus jujube extract did not show any increasing effect on these biomarkers.
Ahmad Mohammadi Moghaddam; Naser Behpoor; Vahid Tadibi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 115-128
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The previous research has identified that many factors can affect appetite. Exercise is one of these factors that affect appetite and subsequent energy intake rate. This study aims to examine the effect of light, moderate and high intensities of circuit resistance exercise on the appetite.
Methods: ...
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Abstract
Aim: The previous research has identified that many factors can affect appetite. Exercise is one of these factors that affect appetite and subsequent energy intake rate. This study aims to examine the effect of light, moderate and high intensities of circuit resistance exercise on the appetite.
Methods: 8 healthy men and 8 healthy women participated in this study as subjects voluntarily. Exercise activity with three intensity, light ( 30 to 40 % of 1RM), moderate (50 to 60 % 1RM) and high ( 80 to 90 % 1RM), and in six moves induding the bench press, armpits, shoulder, leg squat, back foot and leg (each session was 90 minutes) has performed. Appetite were assessed before exercise activity, immediately after, and three and six hours after exercise activity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). ANOVA with repeated measures and t-test were used to analyze the findings. The significant level was considered (P
Afshar Jafari; Ali Zarghami Khameneh
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 141-153
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of one-bout exhaustive resistance exercise on some muscular damage markers in serum of male volleyball players after different dosage of caffeine intake.
Method: Thirty male volleyball players (mean aged 21.47±1.45 years, fat 10.47±3.11 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of one-bout exhaustive resistance exercise on some muscular damage markers in serum of male volleyball players after different dosage of caffeine intake.
Method: Thirty male volleyball players (mean aged 21.47±1.45 years, fat 10.47±3.11 % and BMI 23.15±1.26 kg.m2) in a randomized semi experiment and double-blind design were allocated in three groups: supplementing groups (with 6 and 9 mg.kg-1 caffeine) and placebo group (6 mg.kg-1 dextrose). After the supplementation, all subjects were participated in one-single-session resistance weight-training (with 80% of one repetition maximum until exhaustion). Changes in muscular damage indices (total serum CK and LDH) were determined in three phases (Baseline, immediately and 24 hours after the training protocol). The normal data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni at P≤0.05.
Results: The results showed different dosage of caffeine intake had no significant effect on increased level of muscular damage serum enzymes immediately after exercise compared with the placebo group. Also, exhaustive resistance exercise increased levels of 24-hour CK and LDH significantly in all groups (P≤0.05). However, different dosage of caffeine intake had not effect on increased levels of muscle damage markers after 24 hours of exercise.
Conclusion: Based on the present findings and the execss intake of different dosage of caffeine probabley can not prevent further damage and in intraction with resistante exercise can not lead to escalation the indirect indices of muscle damage in compared with the placebo group.
Keywords: Resistance Exercise, Creatine kinase, Lactate dehydrogenase,
Caffeine
