Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Karim Azali Alamdari; babak Ebadi Shirmard; Hadi Rohani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim ...
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Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim of the present study was to determine the average ES of exercise training on skeletal muscle C/f in patients disposed to MR. Materials and Methods: A search for English articles was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases without limiting the year of publication until February 2023. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using random effect model. Correlation between variables was investigated using fixed effects model meta-regression.Results: A summary ES achieved as WMD=0.21 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.26) from the results of 308 subjects, included in 22 exercise training interventions (p=0.014, I2=44.16). No correlations were observed in between the changes in C/F and the age of subjects included in each intervention based on action of the moment’s meta-regression model (r=-0.00, p=0.92, z=0.099). Among the exercise duration categories, interventions less than 8 weeks (n=3) had the least ES on C/F (WMD=0.18), while a WMD of 0.22 were determined for both of interventions with 8 weeks (n=7) and more than 8 weeks duration (n=12) categories (z=9.68, p=0.001). Moreover, interventions in HIIT and intensive aerobic exercise training category had greater ES (WMD=0.23) compared to MICT and aerobic exercise training (WMD= 020) interventions (z=9.73, p=0.001). =
Response and adaptation to exercises
Mohammad Esmaeil Afzalpour; Mehdi Mogharnasi; Mohsen Mohsem Mohammadnia Ahmadi; Baghbani Alieh
Abstract
Aim: The aim of study was to effect of short-term consumption of green tea on metabolic cost and substrate oxidation during acute exercise with Fatmax intensity in healthy overweight or obese men.Methods: Fifteen men were studied as cross-examined in one group. First, on the treadmill connected to the ...
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Aim: The aim of study was to effect of short-term consumption of green tea on metabolic cost and substrate oxidation during acute exercise with Fatmax intensity in healthy overweight or obese men.Methods: Fifteen men were studied as cross-examined in one group. First, on the treadmill connected to the gas analyzer, a sports protocol was performed at a speed of 3.5 km/hour, a slope of 1%, for 3 minutes, and after a 2-minute break (first stage), the activity was performed at a speed of 4 km/hour with a slope of one percent (second stage); and then at a speed of 5 km/hour (third stage); and then at a speed of 6 km/hour (fourth stage); And finally, it was implemented at a speed of 6.5 km/hour (4 minutes). Next, the participants consumed 1000 mg/day green tea for a week and came to the laboratory for the second time. Then they consumed placebo for a week and came to the laboratory for the third time. The maximum of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity of activity at which MFO occurs (Fatmax) were determined. Results: Between fat oxidation, respiratory exchange ratio, oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in two cases of 7 days green tea consumption and placebo; there was no significant difference (p>0.05).Conclusion: Short-term consumption of green tea before acute exercise at Fatmax intensity has no effect on energy expenditure, oxygen consumption and fat reduction, and its consumption period and dosage should be studied further.
Homayra Nikseresht; Vahid Tadibi; Nasser Behpour
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic or resistance training on the serum levels of NF-kB, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance index in type2 diabetic women. Method: Participants were 45 volunteer women with type 2 diabetes ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic or resistance training on the serum levels of NF-kB, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance index in type2 diabetic women. Method: Participants were 45 volunteer women with type 2 diabetes who randomly assigned into three groups of 15: aerobic, resistance, and control. The exercises performed three times a week for eight weeks. The resistance training consisted of 8-12 repetitions with 60-70% of 1RM, and the aerobic training consisted of 30-50 minutes of running on the treadmill with 65-75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the intervention, the levels of NF-kB, lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin resistance index were measured. Results: Eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training had no significant effect on NF-kB levels. However, both training methods significantly reduced the insulin resistance index, fasting blood glucose, LDL levels, and increased HDL levels. The levels of triglycerides were significantly reduced only after the aerobic training. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training in improvements of the insulin resistance index, blood glucose, LDL and HDL levels. Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic training with 65-75% of the maximum heart rate or resistance training with 60-70% of 1RM can lead to reducing insulin resistance and blood sugar level, and improvement of lipid profile in women with type 2 diabetes, without significant effect on NF-kB levels. There is no difference in positive effects of these training methods.
Nahid Bijeh; Hasan Faraji; Babisan Askari; Asra Askari; Saeid Ramezani
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 11-21
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the response of the visfatin to acute endurance exercise pre and post 8-weeks trainingin untrained obese healthy men. Method: Twenty two subjects (age 29.06±3.83 years, weight 90.96±4.68 kg, height 171.3±4.88 cm, and BMI 30.76±1.8 ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the response of the visfatin to acute endurance exercise pre and post 8-weeks trainingin untrained obese healthy men. Method: Twenty two subjects (age 29.06±3.83 years, weight 90.96±4.68 kg, height 171.3±4.88 cm, and BMI 30.76±1.8 kg/m2) were volunteered to participate in the current study. The subjects were divided randomly into two experimental (n=11) and control (n=11) groups. Experimental group participated in 8-week endurance training program three times per week. Exercise intensity increased from 60 percent of maximum heart rate to 65 to 70 percent after 4thweeks until the end of training program. Acute exercise test (cycle ergometer exercise, 30 min at 60 percent of maximum heart rate) were employed before and after training period. Blood samples were collected before, immediately, and 30 min after acute exercise at before and after endurance training period to measure plasma visfatin variations. Results: The results by two-way Anova with analysis showed before training period, visfation levels changes were not sigificant after acute exercise , immediately and 30 min aftery in both groups. Conclusion: These data indicate that endurance training is associated with decrease in resting plasma visfatin and body fat in obese men. Moreover, one bout of endurance training can decrease the plasma visfatin in response to acute exercise.
Mehdi Hoseinzadeh; Valiallah Dabidi Roshan; Alireza Ghanbari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 141-153
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: There is massive literature regarding the benefit of exercise training on different functional systems. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of exercise training in extreme environment specially hot and humid one on cardiovascular system. The aim of the current study ...
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Abstract
Aim: There is massive literature regarding the benefit of exercise training on different functional systems. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of exercise training in extreme environment specially hot and humid one on cardiovascular system. The aim of the current study was to investigate some of the coagulant factors and QTc interval, in healthy young men as results of dehydration in sauna and rehydration followed by arm cranking exercise training.
Method: 14 healthy young wrestlers with 2 years of professional experience [weight 77.17 ± 10.20 kg, age 18.4±2.59 yrs] were assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental group lost 3-4 percent of their body weight through 10 min interval in dry sauna. To rehydrate they drank mineral water (Nestle) proportionate to the body weight loss. Both groups exercised in a 6 min high intensity arm ergometer protocol with 8×15s intervals at maximum workload and 30 s active recoveries in three trials. All the relevant parameters were measured in euhydration, dehydration, and 18 hr after dehydration trials.
Results: Fibrinogen in the experimental group was increased after dehydration and significantly reduced after rehydration. PT in the experimental group significantly reduced after rehydration compared to dehydration and rehydration. QTc in experimental group was unchanged immediately after dehydration but increased significantly after dehydration. In addition, fibrinogen variation in dehydration and rehydration trials, reduction of PT and increase of QTc in the rehydration trial was significant between groups.
Conclusion: 3-4 % dehydration by sauna and exercise training followed by that can induce to some coagulation abnormality and as well as ECG variation which can be life threatening for athletes.
Key words: Hot and humid environment, Dehydration, Coagulatory factors, Exercise training
