نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC) license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان
2 دانشیار دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان
3 ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی
4 دانشچوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی
چکیده
هدف: در این تحقیق تاثیر یک جلسه تمرین قبل و بعد از ناهار بر مقدار گرلین آسیلدار سرم، انرژی دریافتی روزانه و هزینه انرژی فعالیت مقایسه شد.
روش‌شناسی: 30 مرد دارای اضافه‌وزن (با میانگین و انحراف معیار سن 54/3 ± 20/25 سال، شاخص توده بدنی 64/3 ± 96/27 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع، وزن 80/5 ± 20/83 کیلوگرم) در یک طرح نیمه‌تجربی به شکل تصادفی به سه گروه ده نفری شامل تمرین قبل از ناهار، تمرین بعد از ناهار و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه‌های تجربی به مدت هشت هفته (سه جلسه در هفته)، تمرین هوازی (25-40 دقیقه با شدت FATmax) را یک ساعت قبل ناهار و یا دو ساعت بعد از ناهار اجرا کردند. مقدار هزینه انرژی فعالیت، کالری دریافتی روزانه و گرلین آسیلدار ناشتایی سرمی در پاسخ به یک جلسه ورزش در پیش آزمون و پس‌آزمون، به‌عنوان داده‌های تحقیق اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: یک جلسه تمرین قبل و یا بعد از ناهار، گرلین آسیلدار سرم (001/0 p≤)، هزینه انرژی یک جلسه فعالیت (001/0 p≤) و کل کالری دریافتی روزانه (003/0 p≤) (افزایش جبرانی در دریافت غذا که دستیابی به کاهش وزن مورد انتظار از تمرین را کمتر می‌کند) را افزایش می‌دهد. بااینحال، انجام تمرین قبل از ناهار، افزایش بیشتری در گرلین آسیلدار سرم (001/0 p≤) و هزینه انرژی یک جلسه فعالیت(001/0 p≤) ایجاد می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: اگر هدف فقط کاهش اشتها باشد، به نظر می‌رسد که باید تمرین بعد از صرف غذا انجام شود و اگر هدف افزایش هزینه انرژی هر جلسه تمرین باشد، بهتر است تمرین قبل از صرف غذا انجام شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of aerobic training before and after a meal on serum acylated ghrelin level, daily energy intake and single exercise energy expenditure in overweight men
نویسندگان [English]
- Karim Azali Alamdari 1
- Y yavari 2
- R Hosseinzadeh 3
- A Rahbar Ghazi 4
1 Associate Professor in Exercise Physiology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Associate Professor in Sport Management, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
3 MSc in Exercise Physiology
4 PhD candidate in Exercise Physiology
چکیده [English]
Aim: In this study the effects of a single training session of overweight men before and after a meal on serum acetylated ghrelin levels, daily energy intake and the exercise energy expenditure were compared.
Method: In this semi experimental study, 30 overweight men (Mean and SD age of 25.2±3.54 years, BMI 27.96±3.64 kg/m2, weight 83.2±5.8 kg) were randomized into three groups (n = 10) including before lunch training, post lunch training and control. Experimental groups performed eight weeks, three sessions/wk of aerobic training sessions, consisted of 25 to 40 min of treadmill running and/or cycling at maximal fat oxidation intensity, either an hour prior to or two hours after a meal. Exercise energy expenditure, daily caloric intake and fasting serum acylated ghrelin levels in response to a single exercise session were measured as data in both pre and post-test occasions.
Results: A single training session either pre or post lunch meal increases serum acylated ghrelin level (P≤ 0/001), exercise energy expenditure (P≤ 0/001) and daily caloric intake (P≤ 0/001); indicating a compensatory energy intake which lowers the expected exercise-induced weight loss.
However, pre meal exercise leads to more remarkable increases in exercise energy cost (P≤ 0/001) concomitant with an elevated fasting serum acylated ghrelin levels (P≤ 0/001).
Conclusion: If appetite suppression is the only goal for exercise, it seems that exercise training should be performed after meals, and if maximizing each session’s energy cost is the case, it is better to practice before meals.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Obesity
- Energy Intake
- Energy Expenditure
- Exercise
- Meal
- Albert M-H, Drapeau V, Mathieu M-E. (2015). Timing of moderate-to-vigorous exercise and its impact on subsequent energy intake in young males. Physiology & behavior, 151: 557-62.
- Azali Alamdari K, Rohani H. (2018). Acute response and adaptation of physiological and conceptual appetite indices and body weight to aerobic training in obese middle-aged and elderly women. Sport Physiology, 10(39): 87-106.
- Bennard P, Doucet EJaP, Nutrition,, Metabolism. (2006). Acute effects of exercise timing and breakfast meal glycemic index on exercise-induced fat oxidation. 31(5): 502-11.
- Bhatnagar S, Dallman MF. (1999). The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus alters rhythms in core temperature and energy balance in a state-dependent manner. Brain research, 851(1-2): 66-75.
- Bircher S, Knechtle B, Knecht HJEJOCI. (2005). Is the intensity of the highest fat oxidation at the lactate concentration of 2 mmol l− 1? A comparison of two different exercise protocols. 35(8): 491-8.
- Blundell J. (2009). Exercise makes you fat–what's going on? Nutrition Bulletin, 34(4): 380-2.
- Broom DR, Stensel DJ, Bishop NC, Burns SF, Miyashita M. (2007). Exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 102(6): 2165-71.
- Civelli O ZQ. Orphan g protein-coupled receptors and novel neuropeptides introduction: Springer; 2008.
- Deighton K, Stensel DJ. (2014). Creating an acute energy deficit without stimulating compensatory increases in appetite: Is there an optimal exercise protocol? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 73(2): 352-8.
10. George JD, Bradshaw DI, Hyde A, Vehrs PR, Hager RL, Yanowitz FGJMIPE. (2007). A maximal graded exercise test to accurately predict vo2max in 18–65-year-old adults. Journal of Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 11(3): 149-60.
11. Ghanbari-Niaki A. (2006). Ghrelin and glucoregulatory hormone responses to a single circuit resistance exercise in male college students. Clinical biochemistry, 39(10): 966-70.
12. Gonzalez JT, Veasey RC, Rumbold PL, Stevenson EJ. (2013). Breakfast and exercise contingently affect postprandial metabolism and energy balance in physically active males. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(04): 721-32.
13. Guelfi KJ, Donges CE, Duffield R. (2013). Beneficial effects of 12 weeks of aerobic compared with resistance exercise training on perceived appetite in previously sedentary overweight and obese men. Metabolism, 62(2): 235-43.
14. Heden TD, Liu Y, Park Y, Dellsperger KC, Kanaley JA. (2013). Acute aerobic exercise differentially alters acylated ghrelin and perceived fullness in normal-weight and obese individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(5): 680-7.
15. Hopkins M, King N, Blundell J. (2010). Acute and long-term effects of exercise on appetite control: Is there any benefit for weight control? Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 13(6): 635-40.
16. Kerksick C, Thomas A, Campbell B, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Marcello B, Roberts M, Pfau E, Grimstvedt M, Opusunju J. (2009). Effects of a popular exercise and weight loss program on weight loss, body composition, energy expenditure and health in obese women. Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism, 6(1): 23-32.
17. Keytel L, Goedecke J, Noakes T, Hiiloskorpi H, Laukkanen R, Van Der Merwe L, Lambert E. (2005). Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise. Journal of sports sciences, 23(3): 289-97.
18. Khadijeh I, Rahmaninia F, Mohebi H, Mirzaei B, Hasannia S. (2010). Effects of aerobic training on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and normal-weight women. Olympic, 18(2): 87-99.
19. Khalilzadeh M, Alamdari K, Choobineh S, Shirmard B, Ghahramani M. (2011). Effects of aerobic training with low and intermediate intensity on appetite, body weight, exercise energy expenditure and plasma ghrelin level in relatively thin and obese sedentary women. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences, Food Technology, 6(1): 1-10.
20. King JA, Wasse LK, Ewens J, Crystallis K, Emmanuel J, Batterham RL, Stensel DJJTJOCE, Metabolism. (2011). Differential acylated ghrelin, peptide yy3–36, appetite, and food intake responses to equivalent energy deficits created by exercise and food restriction. 96(4): 1114-21.
21. King NA, Caudwell PP, Hopkins M, Stubbs JR, Naslund E, Blundell JE. (2009). Dual-process action of exercise on appetite control: Increase in orexigenic drive but improvement in meal-induced satiety. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(4): 921-7.
22. Kojima M KK. (2005). Ghrelin: Structure and function. Physiol Rev, 85(2): 495-522.
23. Kuipers H, Keizer HA, De Vries T, Van Rijthoven P, Wijts M. (1988). Comparison of heart rate as a non-invasive determinant of anaerobic threshold with the lactate threshold when cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 58(3): 303-6.
24. Lazarczyk Ma LM, Grzela T.,. (2003). Ghrelin: A recently discovered gut-brain peptide (review). Int J Mol Med, 12: 279-87.
25. Martins C, Morgan L, Truby H. (2008). A review of the effects of exercise on appetite regulation: An obesity perspective. International Journal of Obesity, 32(9): 1337-47.
26. Mirzaei B, Irandoust K, Rahmani-Nia F, Mohebbi H, Hassan-Nia S. (2009). Unacylated ghrelin levels increase after aerobic exercise program in obese women. Cell, 98: 9123215778.
27. Murphy KG, Bloom SR. (2006). Gut hormones and the regulation of energy homeostasis. Nature, 444(7121): 854-9.
28. Popkin BM, Duffey K, Gordon-Larsen P. (2005). Environmental influences on food choice, physical activity and energy balance. Journal of Physiology & behavior, 86(5): 603-13.
29. Reynolds AN, Venn BJ. (2018). The timing of activity after eating affects the glycaemic response of healthy adults: A randomised controlled trial. Nutrients, 10(11): 1743-52.
30. Rynders CA, Angadi SS, Weltman NY, Gaesser GA, Weltman A. (2011). Oxygen uptake and ratings of perceived exertion at the lactate threshold and maximal fat
oxidation rate in untrained adults. European journal of applied physiology, 111(9): 2063-8.
31. Sasaki H, Ohtsu T, Ikeda Y, Tsubosaka M, Shibata S. (2014). Combination of meal and exercise timing with a high-fat diet influences energy expenditure and obesity in mice. Chronobiology international, 31(9): 959-75.
32. Schmidt A, Maier C, Schaller G, Nowotny P, Bayerle-Eder M, Buranyi B, Luger A, Wolzt M. (2004). Acute exercise has no effect on ghrelin plasma concentrations. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 36(03): 174-7.
33. Serin Y, Tek NA. (2019). Effect of circadian rhythm on metabolic processes and the regulation of energy balance. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 74(4): 322-30.
34. Sim AY, Wallman KE, Fairchild TJ, Guelfi K. (2015). Effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on appetite regulation. Medicine&Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(11): 2441-9.
35. Stubbs RJ, Hughes DA, Johnstone AM, Whybrow S, Horgan GW, King N, Blundell J. (2004). Rate and extent of compensatory changes in energy intake and expenditure in response to altered exercise and diet composition in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 286(2): R350-R8.
36. Takano H, Morita T, Iida H, Asada K-I, Kato M, Uno K, Hirose K, Matsumoto A, Takenaka K, Hirata Y. (2005). Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. European journal of applied physiology, 95(1): 65-73.
37. Taylor JD, Bandy WD, Whittemore JD. (2011). Test retest reliability and minimal detectable change of a novel submaximal graded exercise test in the measurement of graded exercise test duration. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(5): 1465-9.
38. Toshinai K, Kawagoe T, Shimbara T, Tobina T, Nishida Y, Mondal M, Yamaguchi H, Date Y, Tanaka H, Nakazato M. (2007). Acute incremental exercise decreases plasma ghrelin level in healthy men. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 39(11): 849-51.
39. Whybrow S, Hughes D, Ritz P, Johnstone A, Horgan G, King N, Blundell J, Stubbs R. (2008). The effect of an incremental increase in exercise on appetite, eating behaviour and energy balance in lean men and women feeding ad libitum. The British journal of nutrition, 100(5): 1109-15.
)