.               Hozayen WG, Mahmoud AM, Soliman HA, Mostafa SR. Spirulina versicolor improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology. 2016;5(1):57.[ http: // 10.5455/jice.20151230055930]

2. Mišurcová L, Buňka F, Ambrožová JV, Machů L, Samek D, Kráčmar S. Amino acid composition of algal products and its contribution to RDI. Food chemistry. 2014;151:120-5.[ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.04/].

3              Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Fabila-Castillo L, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Aspectos nutricionales y toxicológicos de Spirulina (arthrospira). Nutricion hospitalaria. 2015;32(1):34-40.[ https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.1.9001]

4. 4. NEMATI J, SAMADI M, HADIDI V, MACINTASH B. Effect of Resistance Training on Mtor and P70s6k Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of Rats. 2015.[ https://www.sid.ir/paper/264973/en]
5. Saxton RA, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell. 2017;168(6):960-76.[ https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30182-4]
6. Eidizadeh H, Avandi SM, Zar A, Sadeghipour HR. The effect of eight weeks of resistance training with spirulina platensis supplementation on the RAGs/Rheb/mTORC/S6K pathway in male rat kidneys. Jorjani Biomedicine Journal. 2024;12(1):23-7.[ 10.29252/jorjanibiomedj.12.1.23]
7. Hay N, Sonenberg N. Upstream and downstream of mTOR. Genes & development. 2004;18(16):1926-45. [doi:10.1101/gad.1212704v]
8. Cheragh Birjandi sADEGH RDS, Yaghobi Ali. The effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats. Metabolism and Exercise. 2024;14(2):20-34.[ https://doi.org/10.22124/jme.2024.26222.338]
9. 9. Wackerhage H, Smith J, Wisneiwski D. Molecular exercise physiology. Oxford textbook of childrenVs sport and exercise medicine. 2017:430-40.[ https://books.google.co.kr/books?]
10. Lee CJ, Nicoll JX. Time Course Evaluation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation to Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2023;37(3):710-25.[ http://10.1519/JSC.0000000000004409]
11. 11. Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Kempf CR, Long J, Laidler P, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways in controlling growth and sensitivity to therapy-implications for cancer and aging. Aging (Albany NY). 2011;3(3):192.[ doi: 10.18632/aging.100296]
12. Harris RC, Chung E, Coffey RJ. EGF receptor ligands. The EGF Receptor Family. 2003:3-14.[ https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012160281-9/50002-5]

13. Zeng F, Singh AB, Harris RC. The role of the EGF family of ligands and receptors in renal development, physiology and pathophysiology. Experimental cell research. 2009;315(4):602-10.[ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.08.005]
14. Rayego-Mateos S, Rodrigues-Diez R, Morgado-Pascual JL, Valentijn F, Valdivielso JM, Goldschmeding R, et al. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands in kidney inflammation and damage. Mediators of inflammation. 2018;2018.[ https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8739473]
15. Ma L, Chen Z, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Pandolfi PP. Phosphorylation and functional inactivation of TSC2 by Erk: implications for tuberous sclerosisand cancer pathogenesis. Cell. 2005;121(2):179-93.[ https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(05)00198-4]
16. Tang J, Liu N, Zhuang S. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in acute and chronic kidney injury. Kidney international. 2013;83(5):804-10.[ https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2012.435]
17. Kasza A. IL-1 and EGF regulate expression of genes important in inflammation and cancer. Cytokine. 2013;62(1):22-33.[ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2013.02.007]
18. Atashgahian R, Kashef M. Relationship of BMI with Proteinuria and Hematuria after One Session of Intense Continuous and Interval Exercise in Girls. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2022.[ https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v30i5.10158]
19. Faramarziyan N, Salesi M, Rezaei R, Jahromi MK. Effects of Six Weeks High-Intensity Interval Training on TGF-β1 and SMAD7 Genes Expression in the Kidney Tissue of Elderly Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2023. [https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v30i12.11965]
20. 20. RAFATI FM, Taghian F, Pakfetrat M, Daryanoosh F, Mohammadi H. The effect of aerobic training on the amount of GFR and excreted of creatinine in patients with chronic kidney. 2012.[http:// https://www.sid.ir/paper/96526/en][ http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir]
21. Fariba Pourasghar jb, Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi, Hassan Pourrazi, Mir Alireza Nourazar The effect of high-intensity interval training and melatonin supplementation on some apoptotic indices in the kidney tissue of male rats after renal ischemia-reperfusion. Metabolism and Exercise. 2024;14(1):151-67. [https://doi.org/10.22124/jme.2024.26340.343]
22. Dehghani K, Mogharnasi M, Saghebjoo M, Malekaneh M, Sarir H. Effect of Spirulina platensis green-blue algae consumption, and circuit resistance training (CRT) on lipid profile in overweight and obese middle-aged men. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2021;28(3):248-59.[ https://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-3012-en.html&sw=Er]
23. Dehghani K, Mogharnasi M, Saghebjoo M, Sarir H, Malekaneh M. The effect of eight weeks of circuit resistance training and spirulina supplementation on plasma levels of irisin and some body composition in overweight and obese men. Armaghane danesh. 2020;25(3):332-45.[ https://www.sid.ir/paper/370020/en]
24. Kitada M, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. A low-protein diet for diabetic kidney disease: its effect and molecular mechanism, an approach from animal studies. Nutrients. 2018;10(5):544.[ https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050544]
25. Bin-Jumah MN, Al-Huqail AA, Abdelnaeim N, Kamel M, Fouda M, Abulmeaty M, et al. Potential protective effects of Spirulina platensis on liver, kidney, and brain acrylamide toxicity in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021;28(21):26653-63.[ https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12422-x]
26. Jalali MJ, Fathi R, Nasiri K, Akbari A. The effect of eight weeks of spirulina supplementation and resistance and interval aerobic training on skeletal muscle CXCL1 gene expression and liver enzymes in male rats. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2023;16(1):23-34. [10.52547/joeppa.16.1.23]
27. 27. Hong-zhu Z, Mei-ju Z, Zhi-gang Z, Xiao-min D, Ren-le W. Effects of Aerobic Exercise plus Spirulina Supplement on the Expression of TLR4/NF-κB-p65 and Inflammatory Factor in Kidney Tissue of Type 2 Diabetes Rats. NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 2017;29(7):1119.[ http://doi: 10.12047/j.cjap.6065.2021.05]
28. Ahmadi F, Zadeh MG, Habibi A, Karimi F. Effect of resistance training with Spirulina platensis on PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway in cardiac muscle. Science & Sports. 2020;35(2):91-8[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2019.06.003].

29. Sadeghipour Hamid Reza RF, Zar Abdossalehleh zar  The effect of eight weeks of resistance training and Spirulina platensis supplementation on the signaling pathway of Wnt-GSK3β-TSC2-S6K in the kidney tissue of male rats. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2024[ 10.22049/jahssp.2024.29148.1601]
30. Zar A, Ahmadi F. Evaluation of CITED4 Gene Expression in The Cardiac Muscle of Male Rats as a Result of Resistance Exercise and Spirulina Supplement. Jorjani Biomedicine Journal. 2021;9(2):36-44.[ http://goums.ac.ir/jorjanijournal/article-1-]
31. Jafari Khooshan Abadi A, Ramezani S, Nayebifar S. The effect of HIIT and CGRP inhibition on EGF and EGFR gene expression in the hippocampal tissue of male Wistar rats. Daneshvar Medicine. 2023;30(6):10-9.[ 10.22070/daneshmed.2023.17102.1298]
32. Yasar Z, Elliott BT, Kyriakidou Y, Nwokoma CT, Postlethwaite RD, Gaffney CJ, et al. Sprint interval training (SIT) reduces serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not other inflammatory cytokines in trained older men. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2021;121:1909-19.[ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04635-2]
33. Nemati J, Samadi M, Hadidi V, Ghodrat L. The effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on total and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) in flexor hallucis longusmuscle of rats. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2018;6(12):117-26.[ 10.22077/jpsbs.2017.318.1129]
34. Alizadeh AM, Heydari Z, Rahimi M, Bazgir B, Shirvani H, Alipour S, et al. Oxytocin mediates the beneficial effects of the exercise training on breast cancer. Experimental physiology. 2018;103(2):222-35.[  https://doi.org/10.1113/EP086463]
35. Li Y-H, Yi X-J. The effects of aerobic exercise on ERK1/2 activity in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng li xue za zhi= Zhongguo Yingyong Shenglixue Zazhi= Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017;33(1):33-7.[ https://doi.org/10.12047/j.cjap.5448.2017.008]
36. Lysenko EA, Popov DV, Vepkhvadze TF, Sharova AP, Vinogradova OL. Signaling responses to high and moderate load strength exercise in trained muscle. Physiological reports. 2019;7(9):e14100.[  https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14100]
37. De Souza E, Tricoli V, Bueno Junior C, Pereira MG, Brum PC, Oliveira EMd, et al. The acute effects of strength, endurance and concurrent exercises on the Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K1 and AMPK signaling pathway responses in rat skeletal muscle. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2013;46:343-7.[  https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20132557]
38. Abou Sawan S, Van Vliet S, Parel JT, Beals JW, Mazzulla M, West DW, et al. Translocation and protein complex co‐localization of mTOR is associated with postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis at rest and after endurance exercise. Physiological reports. 2018;6(5):e13628.[  https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13628]
39. Sadeghipour HR, Zakeri Dehvasati B, Zar A, Khaleghi MM. The effect of eight weeks of resistance training combined with spirulina supplementation on the TNF-ɑ/IKKβ/TSC1/Rheb gene expression in male rat kidney tissue. Daneshvar Medicine. 2025;32(6):53-67 [10.22070/daneshmed.2025.19914.1574]
40. Sase K, Kido K, Ato S, Fujita S. The effect of a bout of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle protein metabolism after severe fasting. Physiological Reports. 2019;7(21):e14270.[ https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14270]
41. Inoki K, Li Y, Zhu T, Wu J, Guan K-L. TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling. Nature cell biology. 2002;4(9):648-57.[ https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb839]
42. Aghaei Bahman Beglou N, Shadmehri S, Jahani Golbar S, Sharafati Moghadam M. The effect of four weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of AKT1, mTOR, P70S6K1, 4EBP1 proteins in the Left ventricular muscle tissue of the heart obese rats with type 2 diabetic. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2021;14(1):85-94[10.52547/joeppa.14.1.85].

43. Mazo CE, D’Lugos AC, Sweeney KR, Haus JM, Angadi SS, Carroll CC, et al. The effects of acute aerobic and resistance exercise on mTOR signaling and autophagy markers in untrained human skeletal muscle. European journal of applied physiology. 2021;121(10):2913-24.[ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04758-6]