نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران

10.22124/jme.2025.31445.422

چکیده

مقدمه: بیماری آلزایمر (AD) شایع ترین بیماری تخریب کننده عصبی است که بیش از 50 میلیون نفر را در سراسر جهان تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر تمرین هوازی و رزوراترول بر همجوشی میتوکندریایی هیپوکامپ موش‌های صحرایی مبتلا به آلزایمر بود.
روش کار: برای انجام تحقیق تجربی و آزمایشگاهی حاضر 35 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار از انستیتو پاستور ایران خریداری شده و پس از یک هفته آشناسازی با محیط جدید بطور تصادفی به پنج گروه کنترل(NO)، آلزایمر (AD)، آلزایمر-تمرین (ADT)، آلزایمر-رزوراترول (ADRSV) و آلزایمر-تمرین-رزوراترول (ADTRSV) تقسیم شدند. گروه‌های مکمل، طی دوره مداخله روزانه 20 میلی‌گرم RSV (به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن) را به صورت خوراکی دریافت کردند. برنامه تمرین هوازی شامل دویدن روی تردمیل با سرعت 18-6 متر در دقیقه، پنج روز هفته به مدت هشت هفته اجرا شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد القای AD باعث کاهش معنی‌داری در بیان MNF1، MNF2 شد (0001/0p=). افزایش معنی‌داری در بیان MNF1، MNF2 در گروه‌های ADT، ADRSV و ADTRSV نسبت به AD مشاهده شد (05/0p≤).
نتیجه‌گیری: پویایی میتوکندری به دنبال القای AD در بافت هیپوکامپ مختل شده و فعالیت ورزشی و رزوراترول با افزایش سطحMfn1 و Mfn2 روند هم‌جوشی میتوکندری را افزایش و شکاف را کاهش می‌دهد. با این وجود، ترکیب تمرین و رزوراترول تاثیر هم‌افزایی بر ژن‌های شکاف نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of aerobic exercise and resveratrol on hippocampal mitochondrial fusion in rats with Alzheimer's disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq
  • Mahla Hosseini Tabatabaei

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, QaS.C., Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise and resveratrol on hippocampal mitochondrial fusion in rats with Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: To conduct the present experimental and laboratory study, 35 male Wistar rats were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and after one week of familiarization with the new environment, they were randomly divided into five groups: Control (NO), Alzheimer's (AD), Alzheimer's-exercise (ADT), Alzheimer's-resveratrol (ADRSV), and Alzheimer's-exercise-resveratrol (ADTRSV). The supplement groups received 20 mg of RSV (per kilogram of body weight) orally daily during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running at a speed of 6-18 meters per minute, five days a week for eight weeks.
Results: The results showed that AD induction caused a significant decrease in the expression of MNF1 and MNF2 (p=0.0001). A significant increase in the expression of MNF1 and MNF2 was observed in the ADT, ADRSV, and ADTRSV groups compared to AD (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Mitochondrial dynamics are disrupted following AD induction in hippocampal tissue, and exercise and resveratrol increase mitochondrial fusion and reduce fission by increasing Mfn1 and Mfn2 levels. However, the combination of exercise and resveratrol did not have a synergistic effect on fission genes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerobic exercise
  • resveratrol
  • mitochondrial fusion
  • hippocampus
  • Alzheimer's
1-Long JM, Holtzman DM. Alzheimer disease: an update on pathobiology and treatment strategies. Cell. 2019;179(2):312-39.[ https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)31007-4].
2- Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):353-6.[ DOI: 10.1126/science.1072994].
3-Jack Jr CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, Carrillo MC, Dunn B, Haeberlein SB, et al. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2018;14(4):535-62.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018.].
4-Wang X, Wang W, Li L, Perry G, Lee H-g, Zhu X. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease. 2014;1842(8):1240-7.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.015].
5-Saez-Atienzar S, Masliah E. Cellular senescence and Alzheimer disease: the egg and the chicken scenario. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2020;21(8):433-44.[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-020-0325-z].
6-Rojo M, Legros F, Chateau D, Lombès A. Membrane topology and mitochondrial targeting of mitofusins, ubiquitous mammalian homologs of the transmembrane GTPase Fzo. Journal of cell science. 2002;115(8):1663-74.[ https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.8.1663].
7-Kandimalla R, Manczak M, Yin X, Wang R, Reddy PH. Hippocampal phosphorylated tau induced cognitive decline, dendritic spine loss and mitochondrial abnormalities in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Human molecular genetics. 2018;27(1):30-40.[ doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaf098].
8-Luo L, Dai J-R, Guo S-S, Lu A-M, Gao X-F, Gu Y-R, et al. Lysosomal proteolysis is associated with exercise-induced improvement of mitochondrial quality control in aged hippocampus. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2017;72(10):1342-51.[ https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw242].
9-Bernardo T, Marques‐Aleixo I, Beleza J, Oliveira P, Ascensao A, Magalhaes J. Physical Exercise and Brain Mitochondrial Fitness: The Possible Role Against A lzheimer's Disease. Brain Pathology. 2016;26(5):648-63.[ https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12403].
10-Cass SP. Alzheimer's disease and exercise: a literature review. Current sports medicine reports. 2017;16(1):19-22.[ https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/abstract/2017/01000/].
11-Rao YL, Ganaraja B, Joy T, Pai MM, Ullal SD, Murlimanju BV. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite. 2020;12(1):139-49 .[ https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBE/12/1/10.2741/E863/htm].
12-Sawda C, Moussa C, Turner RS. Resveratrol for Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2017;1403(1):142-9.[ doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13431].
13-Tönnies E, Trushina E. Oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2017;57(4):1105-21.[ https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-161088].
14-Rahman MH, Akter R, Bhattacharya T, Abdel-Daim MM, Alkahtani S, Arafah MW, et al. Resveratrol and neuroprotection: impact and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020;11:619024.[ doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.619024].
15-Kwon KJ, Kim H-J, Shin CY, Han S-H. Melatonin potentiates the neuroprotective properties of resveratrol against beta-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea). 2010;6(3):127.[ doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2010.6.3.127].
16- Kong D, Yan Y, He XY, Yang H, Liang B, Wang J, He Y, Ding Y, Yu H. Effects of resveratrol on the mechanisms of antioxidants and estrogen in Alzheimer’s disease. BioMed research international. 2019;2019(1):8983752.[ doi.org/10.1155/2019/8983752].
17- Eslimiesfahani D., Oryan S., Khosravi M., Valizadegan F.. Effect of Fennel Extract on the Improvement of Memory Disorders in Beta Amyloid Alzheimer Model of Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2019;27(1 ):1-12.[ https://sid.ir/paper/381658/en]. [In Persian]
18-Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Beirami E, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Effect of three different regimens of repeated methamphetamine on rats’ cognitive performance. Cognitive Processing. 2018;19:107-15.[ doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0839-0].
19-Wu C, Yang L, Li Y, Dong Y, Yang B, Tucker LD, et al. Effects of exercise training on anxious–depressive-like behavior in Alzheimer rat. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2020;52(7):1456.[ doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002294].
20- Cai N, Wu Y, Huang Y. Induction of accelerated aging in a mouse model. Cells. 2022 Apr 22;11(9):1418.[ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/9/1418].
21-Nakamura T, Cieplak P, Cho D-H, Godzik A, Lipton SA. S-nitrosylation of Drp1 links excessive mitochondrial fission to neuronal injury in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion. 2010;10(5):573-8.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2010.04.007].
22-Flannery PJ, Trushina E. Mitochondrial dynamics and transport in Alzheimer's disease. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 2019;98:109-20.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.009].
23-Reddy PH, McWeeney S, Park BS, Manczak M, Gutala RV, Partovi D, et al. Gene expression profiles of transcripts in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice: up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and apoptotic genes is an early cellular change in Alzheimer's disease. Human molecular genetics. 2004;13(12):1225-40.[ doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddh140].
24-Marques-Aleixo I, Santos-Alves E, Balça M, Rizo-Roca D, Moreira P, Oliveira P, et al. Physical exercise improves brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial bioenergetics and alters apoptotic, dynamic and auto (mito) phagy markers. Neuroscience. 2015;301:480-95.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.027].
25-Tanaka T, Nishimura A, Nishiyama K, Goto T, Numaga-Tomita T, Nishida M. Mitochondrial dynamics in exercise physiology. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2020;472(2):137-53.[ DOI:10.1007/s00424-019-02258-3].
26-Yan Z, Lira VA, Greene NP. Exercise training-induced regulation of mitochondrial quality. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2012;40(3):159.[ doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3182575599].
27- Trewin AJ, Berry BJ, Wojtovich AP. Exercise and Mitochondrial Dynamics: Keeping in Shape with ROS and AMPK. Antioxidants (Basel). 2018 Jan 6;7(1):7. [doi.org/10.3390/antiox7010007].
28-Marton O, Koltai E, Takeda M, Koch LG, Britton SL, Davies KJ, et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis-associated factors underlie the magnitude of response to aerobic endurance training in rats. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2015;467(4):779-88 .[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00424-014-1554-7.
29-Chen H, Chan DC. Mitochondrial dynamics in mammals. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2004;59:119–144.[ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(04)59005-1].
30-Zorzano A, Liesa M, Sebastián D, Segalés J. Regulation of mitofusin-2 expression in skeletal muscle: relationship with insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;299(5):E798–E805.[ doi.org/10.1139/H09-049].
31- Liesa M, Shirihai OS. Mitochondrial dynamics in the regulation of nutrient utilization and energy expenditure. Cell metabolism. 2013 Apr 2;17(4):491-506.[https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(13)00104-6?sf175071564=1].
32-Palomera-Avalos V, Griñán-Ferré C, Puigoriol-Ilamola D, Camins A, Sanfeliu C, Canudas AM, et al. Resveratrol protects SAMP8 brain under metabolic stress: focus on mitochondrial function and Wnt pathway. Molecular neurobiology. 2017;54:1661-76.[ doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9770-0].
33-Cao Y, Sun W, Liu C, Zhou Z, Deng Z, Zhang M, et al. Resveratrol ameliorates diabetic encephalopathy through PDE4D/PKA/Drp1 signaling. Brain Research Bulletin. 2023;203:110763.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110763].
34- Peng K, Tao Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Ye F, Dan G, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Zhao J, Wu Q, Zou Z. Resveratrol regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and fission/fusion to attenuate rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2016;2016(1):6705621.[  https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6705621].
35-Manczak M, Mao P, Calkins MJ, Cornea A, Reddy AP, Murphy MP, et al. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against amyloid-β toxicity in Alzheimer's disease neurons. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2010;20(s2):S609-S31.[ https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100564].
36-Islam MT. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction-linked neurodegenerative disorders. Neurological research. 2017;39(1):73-82.[ https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2016.1251711].
37-delroz h, Abdi A, Barari A, Farzanegi P. Protective Effect of Aerobic Training along with Resveratrol on Mitochondrial Dynamics of Cardiac Myocytes in Animal Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2019;19(3):272-83.[ doi.org/10.29252/JARUMS.19.3.272]. [In Persian]
38-Hart N, Sarga L, Csende Z, Koltai E, Koch LG, Britton SL, et al. Resveratrol enhances exercise training responses in rats selectively bred for high running performance. Food and chemical toxicology. 2013;61:53-9.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.051].
39-Johnson J, Mercado-Ayon E, Mercado-Ayon Y, Dong YN, Halawani S, Ngaba L, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 2021;702:108698.[ doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2020.108698].
40-Wang Y-C, Kong W-Z, Jin Q-M, Chen J, Dong L. Effects of salvianolic acid B on liver mitochondria of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2015;21(35):10104.[ doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i35.10104].