Exercise Physiology
faeghe ghasemi; Hamid Mohebbi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced NAFLD, may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine ...
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Background and Purpose: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced NAFLD, may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition, training and hypoxia on liver mitochondrial biogenesis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (age: 6 weeks old; average weight: 167.25 grams) were randomly divided into four groups of eight including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and training in normoxia (HFD-HIIT) and high-fat diet and training in hypoxia (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) in normoxia and hypoxia-hypobaric, the HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week, which included 3 to 8 bouts 4-minute activity with an intensity of 80 to 93 percent of MAV and 2-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 percent of MAV. At the end, the levels of PGC-1α and Tfam genes were measured through RT-PCR. Results: Both HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHIIT groups showed a significant increase in the expression of PGC-1α and Tfam genes and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). While, there was no significant difference in the expression of these genes between the two training groups. Conclusions: It seems that HIIT training has been able to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and reduce liver fat content independently of hypoxia conditions.
ali samieyan; payam saidie; hamid mohebbi; hossein ghafouri
Abstract
Aim: Taurine is an antioxidant supplement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation of two different dosages of taurine supplement on responses of some salivary antioxidant parameters of young men after an exhaustive aerobic activity. Methodology: ...
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Aim: Taurine is an antioxidant supplement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation of two different dosages of taurine supplement on responses of some salivary antioxidant parameters of young men after an exhaustive aerobic activity. Methodology: Eight healthy non-athlete men (mean ± SD age 21.6 ± 1.7 yrs and VO2 max 62.62 ± 62.2 ml / kg / min) were randomly divided into two categories (3 Vs. 6 Gr/d) in two 7-day periods in the complement of taurine as cross-over, randomized and double-blinded. Saliva samples were collected in three occasions: before and after the supplementation period and immediately after exhaustive aerobic exercise. The subjects started the exhausting aerobic activity on ergometer was performed at 60 RMP and 20 watts, with, 20 watts added to the intensity every minute until the subject got exhausted. Results: The results showed that the SOD, after supplementation (in doses of 6 grams more than the dose of 3 g) and after exercise increased significantly compared with the pre-supplementation in both doeses (p < 0.05). The activity level of POX and DPPH increased with supplementation and activity, but there was no significant difference between the two doses. Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the short-term consumption of taurine supplementation by increasing antioxidant capacity will reduce the negative effects of free radicals as a result of intense aerobic exercise activities.
E Akbarzadeh; H Mohebbi
Abstract
Aim: The body weight is controlled by the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure and also, the amount of exercise-induced weight loss, depends on the amount of the food intake. Milk has also been shown to be more satiating compared to carbohydrate drinks. Therefore the aim of this study ...
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Aim: The body weight is controlled by the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure and also, the amount of exercise-induced weight loss, depends on the amount of the food intake. Milk has also been shown to be more satiating compared to carbohydrate drinks. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milk consumption following exercise on appetite and energy intake in non-athlete females.
Method: Eight healthy non-athlete women (aged 23.25±2.19 years, BMI 21.71±2.42 Kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study. The Subjects attended the laboratory on three separate randomized trials (there were 3 weeks between trials) during their follicular phase. After consuming a standardized breakfast at 08:00 a.m, 30 minutes continuous exercise was conducted on the cycle ergometer at 65% of the subject’s heart rate reserve. In one trial, the effect of exercise and in the other two trials, the effect of exercise and consuming 600ml of low-fat milk or orange juice (276 Kcal), were investigated on appetite and energy intake. The subject’s energy intake were calculated 60 minutes after exercise or drink ingestion. Also appetite sensations (hunger, fullness, satiety and desire to eat) were assessed using visual analogue scale.
Results: Absolute and relative energy intake were reduced significantly after consuming milk compared with two other trials (exercise,exercise+orange juice)(p<0.05). In addition, consuming milk after exercise in comparison with other trials, caused significant reduction in hunger and desire to eat and it also caused significant increase in fullness and satiety(p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that consuming milk could be useful for controlling the appetite after exercise. Moreover, it could be a part of the strategies for weight control programs.
Parvin Khodadadi; Hamid Mohebbi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 99-108
Abstract
Aim: Irisin mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on energy metabolism. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise order on serum irisin and blood lactate ...
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Aim: Irisin mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on energy metabolism. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise order on serum irisin and blood lactate concentration in overweight women. Method: Eight overweight women (age, 41.6±4.5 years; height, 161±0.1 cm; weight, 73.8±4.5 kg; BMI, 28.6±1 kg/m2) performed 2 exercise sessions separated by one week using a randomized cross-over design. The two sessions were composed of the same exercises performed in the opposite exercise order including: exercise order from large to small muscles (leg press, chest press, rows, leg extension, overhead press, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps extension) or small to large muscles (reverse sequence from large to small muscles). All exercises were performed with %80 1RM in 3 sets with 10 repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between the sets and exercises. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise at each session. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and Pearson̕ s correlation coefficient. Results: A significant increase was observed in the serum irisin and blood lactate immediately after both resistance exercise orders (P≤0.05). Blood lactate concentration after exercise order from large to small muscles significantly higher than exercise order from small to large muscles (P≤0.05), while, serum irisin changes were no significant between exercise orders. As well as, there was positive and significant correlation between lactate and irisin in both resistance exercise orders (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Resistance exercise can lead to increase serum irisin in overweight women, that this enhancement is independent of exercise order.
Payam Saidei; Hamid Mohebbi; Farhad Rahmaninia; Fahimeh Mohammad ghasemi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 89-108
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10-week negative energy balance (NEB) methods on adipocyte size and adiponectin levels in different abdominal fat depots as well as glucose and lipid variables and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet obese male wistar rats. Methodology: ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10-week negative energy balance (NEB) methods on adipocyte size and adiponectin levels in different abdominal fat depots as well as glucose and lipid variables and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet obese male wistar rats. Methodology: Study sample were consisted of sixty-four Wistar male rats (average weight; 194.5±12.6g). Blood samples were collected at 1st, 18th and 28th weeks after an overnight fasting. After first sampling, remaining 56 rats were randomly divided into control (n=16) and high-fat-diet (n=40) groups. After 18 weeks High-fat-diet group randomly divided into high-fat-diet (HFD) and negative energy balance consisted of calorie restriction, exercise training and combination (exercise training with calorie restriction) subgroups. Negative energy balance subgroups underwent an aerobic training (running) with intensity of 70 to 75% of VO2max, %25 calorie restriction and interval of both methods for 10 weeks. Adiponectin Levels and adipocyte size in retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots, insulin and glucose levels and lipid profile were measured. HOMA-IR was also calculated. Results: The results of this study indicated that in comparison to high-fat-diet, negative energy balance methods despite consumption of high fat diet, decreased adipocyte size in retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots (P<0.05) and insulin resistance index improved in line with decrease of serum concentrations of insulin, glucose and triglyceride in obese male rats (P<0.05). However although lipid profile improved, only triglyceride concentration significantly decreased (P<0.05). From negative energy balance subgroups only combination showed significant increase in adiponectin levels of studied depots compared to high-fat-diet (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that negative energy balance methods can actually decrease adipocyte size of retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots even with simultaneous consumption of high-fat-diet which is largely congruent with improvement in lipid and metabolic profile Results also indicate a superiority of aerobic training in improving the lipid profile compare to other NEB methods.
Hamid Mohebbi; Poyan Sayad Haghshomar; Javad Mehrabani
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 155-166
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The Aim of present study was to investigate response of salivary IgA and cortisol to reduction body's carbohydrate reserves following paddling interval exercise in men kayakers.
Method: Subjects included 10 men elite kayakers, with a mean age of 18.6±4.2 years, height 179.2±4.07 and ...
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Abstract
Aim: The Aim of present study was to investigate response of salivary IgA and cortisol to reduction body's carbohydrate reserves following paddling interval exercise in men kayakers.
Method: Subjects included 10 men elite kayakers, with a mean age of 18.6±4.2 years, height 179.2±4.07 and weight 68.3±9.6 kg, that participated in two separate session within 7 days in two tests and were evaluated. At first, when the glycogen levels were normal, they performed interval exercise protocol, including 3 time padlling for 1000 meters with 90% maximum heart rate intensity and the rest interval 1.5 fold of padlling time, then the day before main test, to reduce body carbohydrates reserves, they performed a test of padlling with 80% maximum heart rate and rate intensity for 60 minutes and a test including 4 times padlling for 250 meters wihe 90% maximum heart rate intensity and 1.5 fold rest interval were followed. Then, subject’s nutritional status was controlled and they were asked to stay fast overnight. In the morning, after 12 hours fasting, the interval exercise protocol was performed. Saliva samples were collected before, immediately and 3 hours after exercise. were used Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test to locate differences and the independent t-test to compare the differences in normal and reduction body's carbohydrate reserves conditions.
Results: One bout of paddling interval exercise significantly reduced salivary IgA and increased cortisol levels (P
Mohammad Reza Fadaei chafy; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Hamid Mohebbi; Saed Mohsen Maddah
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on leptin and testosterone in obese boys’ serum at different pubertal stages. Method: The cross-sectional study had a pre-test- post-test design. The subjects included 36 obese boys aged 12 to 17 years, who according ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on leptin and testosterone in obese boys’ serum at different pubertal stages. Method: The cross-sectional study had a pre-test- post-test design. The subjects included 36 obese boys aged 12 to 17 years, who according to the Tanner index, were in the stage of puberty of TS2 to TS5. The subjects were divided in to two groups, TS2, 3 (n=19, age: 13.4±0.94 years, Weight: 76.61±16.7 kg, BMI: 29.41±5.22 kg/m2) and TS4, 5 (n=17, age: 14.9±1.48 years, Weight: 93.57±16.48 kg, BMI: 30.92±3.88 kg/m2), each divided into aerobic exercise and control groups. After anthropometric measurements, fasting serum’s leptin and testosterone levels were measured. The aerobic exercise group completed 12 weeks of running, three times a week 30 minutes on average with an intensity of 60 to 85 percent of maximum heart rate. A pedometer was used to measure the level of physical activity and N4 software was used for measurement of energy intake. The statistical t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: Lean body mass increased and body fat percent decreased significantly in aerobic exercise group at both stages of puberty (P≤0.05). In aerobic exercise group decrease in BMI and body fat, was only significant in TS4, 5 (P≤0.05). serum leptin levels decreased at different stages of puberty and was at only significant in aerobic exercise group (P≤0.05); but its changes in aerobic exercise and control groups at each stage of puberty wasn’t significant. Analysis of variance showed that puberty affects leptin changes (P≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between the effect of aerobic exercise on leptin decrease and changes in testosterone in both groups (TS4, 5 and TS2, 3 ) Conclusion: The results indicated that aerobic exercise in obese adolescent boys can lead to favorable changes in body composition, along with decreased serum’s leptin. However, part of these changes result from the normal maturation process that can lead to different responses to aerobic training, though due to the low number of subjects showing it about serum’s leptin, was not possible.
Hamid Mohebbi; Tamineh Saeidi Ziabari; Mohammadhasan Hedayati Emami
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Apelin is an adipokine that is closely related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effect of an aerobic exercise training program was investigated on plasma apelin levels in overweight healthy women.
Method: Eighteen healthy women were selected as subjects ...
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Abstract
Aim: Apelin is an adipokine that is closely related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effect of an aerobic exercise training program was investigated on plasma apelin levels in overweight healthy women.
Method: Eighteen healthy women were selected as subjects and were randomly divided into two exercise (n=9 aged 45±6.22 yrs, BMI 26.17±2.61 kg/m2) and control (n=9 aged 42.88±3.14 yrs, BMI 27.14±2.58 kg/m2) groups. Subjects in the exercise group performed 8 weeks running and walking exercise training 3 days a week at intensity corresponding to 60-70% HRmax. Before and after exercise training, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and plasma levels of apelin, insulin and glucose and HOMA-IR after a 12-hr fasting was measured.
Results: No significant changes were observed in apelin, insulin, glucose and plasma levels and also HOMA-IR in two groups comparing to pre-test and between groups.
Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity exercise training or decrease of fat mass cannot have significant effects on the amount of blood apelin and insulin resistance in overweight healthy women, though apelin levels may change with changes in insulin levels or insulin resistance index.
Key words: Adipokines, Weight loss, Plasma apelin, Aerobic training
Hamid Mohebbi; Arsalan Damirchi; Sayed saleh Safari Mosavi; Fariborz Hovanlo
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 113-123
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reduced muscle glycogen on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation was occure (Fatmax) in untrained men.
Method: Eight healthy untrained males (age: 22.2±1; body mass index: 21.9±1.5 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reduced muscle glycogen on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation was occure (Fatmax) in untrained men.
Method: Eight healthy untrained males (age: 22.2±1; body mass index: 21.9±1.5 kg/m2; percent body fat (%): 15.1±1; VO2Peak: 2.82±0.41 L.min-1) participated in two studies carried out on separate days at least one week apart. Each subject in the fasting state (7:00 AM) performed graded exercise test with 3 min stages on a cycle ergometer to exhaustion, on two separate occasions randomly, in a normal glycogen state and under conditions of reduced muscle glycogen content. On one occasion, the day before the graded exercise test, subjects came to the laboratory at 18:00 pm to perform an exhaustive muscle glycogen lowering exercise. Indirect calorimetry was performed to determine oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) at during gradedexercise. Substrate oxidation, MFO and Fatmax was determined during graded exercise test, by use of the stoichiometric equations. The student’s t-test was used to analyze the variables.
Results: MFO in the lowering muscle glycogen (0.54±0.08 g.min-1) was significantly higher than in the normal muscle glycogen status (0.36±0.04 g. min-1) (P
Hamid Mohebbi; Arsalan Damirchi; Faras Hosseino; Farhad Rahmani nia
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was comparison between of two resistance training protocols, double pyramid and flat pyramid loading pattern, on physical fitness and body composition in young soccer players.
Method: Therefore, 39 young soccer players from Syrian super league were divided randomly ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was comparison between of two resistance training protocols, double pyramid and flat pyramid loading pattern, on physical fitness and body composition in young soccer players.
Method: Therefore, 39 young soccer players from Syrian super league were divided randomly into three; control (age: 17.76±0.6 years, weight: 71.9±4 kg, height: 176.2±5 cm and VO2max: 40.7±1.4 ml/kg/min), double pyramid (age 17.46±0.63 years, weight: 71.9±6 kg, height: 176.1±6.7 cm and VO2max 41.2±2) and flat pyramid (age: 18.16±0.83 years, weight: 73.8±7.3 kg, height176.1±5.8 cm and VO2max: 42.3±3.6 ml/kg/min) resistance training groups. The training groups participated 3 times/wk for 8 weeks in resistance training sessions in addition to daily common soccer training sessions. The control group participated only in daily common training sessions. Results: Muscle strength was improved significantly in both double pyramid and flat pyramid loading groups after eight weeks of training (P
Hamid Mohebbi; Mortezah Sangdovini; Bahman Mirzaei
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1-set and 3-set resistance training on muscular strength of upper-body and lower-body in untrained men.
Method: For this reason, 18 untrained college students of Guilan University participate in this study as subject. Subjects were ...
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Abstract
Aim:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1-set and 3-set resistance training on muscular strength of upper-body and lower-body in untrained men.
Method: For this reason, 18 untrained college students of Guilan University participate in this study as subject. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the 1-set group (n=9), or the 3-set group (n=9). Subjects trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Training intensity was the same for both groups (8RM). At the beginning and the end of the study muscular strength was measured using one repetition maximum test (1RM) in two upper-body exercises (chest press and biceps curl) and two lower-body exercises (leg extension and leg curl). Data was analyzed using paired t-test for within group’s comparison, and unpaired t-test for between-groups comparison.
Results: After 8 weeks, muscular strength significantly increased in all of upper-body and lower-body exercises in both groups (P
Elham Fayaz; Hamid Mohebbi; Arsalan Damirchi; Mortaza Akbar
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 107-116
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of regular physical activity, isometric strength and anthropometric indices, which could be effective on BMD in young women.
Method: One hundred and sixty young females (aged 20.3±1.4 years height 160.3±5.1 cm and weight 55.1±7.9 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of regular physical activity, isometric strength and anthropometric indices, which could be effective on BMD in young women.
Method: One hundred and sixty young females (aged 20.3±1.4 years height 160.3±5.1 cm and weight 55.1±7.9 kg; mean±SD) were selected as subjects and participated in this short-term study. The level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Isometric muscular strength of wrist, back and leg was measured by dynamometer and body composition was determined through BIA method.
Results: The results show that only 22.5 percent of subjects were active and the rest were in hypoactive and inactive groups. The results also show that there was a high relationship between the level of physical activity and wrist, back and leg strength (p
