نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC) license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 موسسه غیر انتفاعی زند شیراز
2 هیات علمی موسسه غیر انتفاعی زند شیراز
3 گروه تربیت بدنی واحد شیراز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
4 هیات دوچرخه سواری استان فارس
چکیده
هدف: یکی از روش‌های جدید تمرینی ، محدودسازی جریان خون است. مصرف مکمل چغندر نیز عملکرد هوازی و بی‌هوازی را بهبود می بخشد هرچند این موضوع به درستی مشخص نیست. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تأثیر پیش شرطی سازی ایسکمیک و مصرف مکمل چغندر بر عملکرد بی‌هوازی دوچرخه‌سواران مرد بود.
روش شناسی: ١٢ دوچرخه‌سوار مرد در یک مطالعه تصادفی با طرح کانتربالانس شرکت کردند. 6 نفر از آزمودنی‌ها به دو سوکور روزانه ٦٠ گرم مکمل چغندر حاوی ٤٠٠ میلی‌گرم نیترات و 6 نفر دارونما (پودر زغال اخته) را به مدت یک هفته مصرف کردند. یک دوره ٧ روزه پاک‌سازی بین دو دوره مصرف مکمل و دارونما وجود داشت. پس از پایان دوره یک هفته‌ای مصرف مکمل چغندر و دارونما، آزمون‌های حداکثر توان‌خروجی و تایم تریل یک کیلومتر به همراه روش پیش شرطی‌سازی ایسکمیک اجرا شد. پیش شرطی‌سازی ایسکمیک ، شامل ٤ دوره ٥ دقیقه‌ای انسداد و خون‌رسانی مجدد با استفاده از کاف با پهنای ١٥ سانتی‌متر و فشار ٢٢٠ میلی‌متر جیوه که در بالاترین قسمت پاها اعمال گردید. از روش آماری شاپیروویلک و اندازه‌گیری مکرر برای بررسی داده‌ها استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: پیش شرطی‌سازی ایسکمیک به طور معناداری حداکثر توان بی‌هوازی را افزایش داد (٠٢٧/٠P=). زمان تایم تریل یک کیلومتر پس از پیش شرطی‌سازی ایسکمیک(٠١٤/٠P=) و همچنین پس از مصرف مکمل چغندر به همراه پیش شرطی‌سازی ایسکمیک نسبت به شرایط کنترل به طور معناداری کمتر بود (٠٠٨/٠P=).
نتیجه‌گیری: پیش شرطی‌سازی ایسکمیک و مکمل چغندر می‌تواند عملکرد تایم تریل را در دوچرخه‌سواران مرد بهبود بخشد اما تأثیری بر حداکثر توان آنها ندارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation on anaerobic performance of man cyclists
نویسندگان [English]
- nazanin khosravaniyan 1
- zahra mosallanezhad 2
- mehrzad moghadasi 3
- hadi bashafaat 4
1 zand institute of higher education
2 , Zand Institute of Higher Education
3 shiraz branch islamic azad university
4 cycling institite
چکیده [English]
purpose: One of the new training methods to increase the performance of athletes is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). the aim of the present study was the effect of ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation on anaerobic performance of male cyclists. method: 12 male cyclists participated in a randomized study with a crossover design. The tests of maximum power output and one kilometer cycling time trial were evaluated in the same laboratory conditions. All subjects consumed 60 grams of beetroot supplement and placebo for one week. There was a 7-day washout period between the two supplement and placebo periods.maximum power output and one kilometer time trial tests were performed along with the ischemic preconditioning method. Ischemic preconditioning for all subjects, including 4 periods of 5 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion using a cuff with a width of 15 cm and a pressure of 220 mmHg applied to the uppermost part of the legs. Shapiro-wilk test and repeated measurement were used to check the data. Findings: Ischemic preconditioning significantly increased maximum power compared to control (P=0.027). Although after taking red beet supplement and ischemic preconditioning, the maximum power output was higher than the control condition, but no statistically difference was observed (P=0.09). The time trial of one kilometer after ischemic preconditioning (P=0.014) and also after consumption of beetroot supplement along with ischemic preconditioning was significantly lower than the control condition (P=0.008). Conclusion: ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation can improve anaerobic performance in adult male cyclists
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Ischemic preconditioning
- beetroot supplement
- anaerobic performance
- cycling
- Tanaka D, Suga T, Shimoho K, Isaka T. (2021). Effect of 2-weeks ischemic preconditioning on exercise performance: A pilot study. Front Sports Act Living, 3: 2084-9.
- Basharafat H, Afzalpour MI, Fallahi AA, Nazifi S, Ilbeigi S. (2017). The effects of acute interval cycling and blood flow restriction on hematologic factors of beginner cyclists. Turk J Sport Exerc, 19(1): 70-76.
- Lang JA, Kim J. (2022). Remote ischaemic preconditioning – translating cardiovascular benefits to humans. J Physiol, 600(13): 3053-3067.
- Caru M, Levesque A, Lalonde F, Curnier D. (2019). An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review. J Sport Health Sci, 8(4): 355-369.
- Nelson CR, Brand CR, Chitty MR, Birger CB, Scholten SD. (2023). The acute effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling: A randomized crossover study, Intern J Excer Sci, 16(6): 148-158.
- Cocking S, Ihsan M, Jones H, Hansen C, Timothy Cable N, Thijssen DH, et al. (2021). Repeated sprint cycling performance is not enhanced by ischaemic preconditioning or muscle heating strategies. Europ J Sport Sci, 21(2): 166-175.
- Crisafulli A, Tangianu F, Tocco F, Concu A, Mameli O, Mulliri G et al. (2011). Ischemic preconditioning of the muscle improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans. J Appl Physiol, 111(2): 530-536.
- De Groot PC, Thijssen DH, Sanchez M, Ellenkamp R, Hopman MT. (2010). Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. Europ J Appl Physiol,108(1): 141-146.
- Domínguez R, Cuenca E, Maté-Muñoz JL, García-Fernández P, Serra-Paya N, Estevan MCL, et al. (2017). Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. A systematic review. Nutrients, 9(1): 43.
- Domínguez R, Maté-Muñoz JL, Cuenca E, García-Fernández P, Mata-Ordoñez F, Lozano-Estevan MC, et al. (2018). Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts. J Intern Society Sport Nutr, 15(1): 2.
- Ferreira TN, Sabino-Carvalho JL, Lopes TR, Ribeiro IC, Succi JE, Da Silva AC, et al. (2016). Ischemic preconditioning and repeated sprint swimming: a placebo and nocebo study. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(10): 1967-75.
- Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, Muñoz-González A, García-Fernández P, del Carmen Lozano-Estevan M, et al. (2018). Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Intern Society Sport Nutr, 15(1): 49.
- Griffin PJ, Ferguson RA, Gissane C, Bailey SJ, Patterson SD. (2018). Ischemic preconditioning enhances critical power during a 3-minute all-out cycling test. J Sport Scie, 36(9): 1038-1043.
- Hemmatinafar M, Mosallanezhad Z, Abdollahei MH, Yazdani H, Samsami Pour A, Kooroshfard N, et al. (2021). Beetroot Juice Supplementation Improves Fatigue, Aerobic, Anaerobic Performance and Nitrite concentration In College Soccer Players. Razi J Med Scie, 28(2): 81-92.
- Hittinger EA, Maher JL, Nash MS, Perry AC, Signorile JF, Kressler J, Jacobs KA. (2015). Ischemic preconditioning does not improve peak exercise capacity at sea level or simulated high altitude in trained male cyclists. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 40(1): 65-71.
- Horiuchi M. (2017). Ischemic preconditioning: Potential impact on exercise performance and underlying mechanisms. J Physic Fitness Sport Med, 6(1): 15-23.
- Incognito AV, Burr JF, Millar PJ. (2016). The effects of ischemic preconditioning on human exercise performance. Sport Med, 46(4): 531-544.
- Jodra P, Domínguez R, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Veiga-Herreros P, Bailey SJ. (2020). Effect of beetroot juice supplementation on mood, perceived exertion, and performance during a 30-second Wingate test. Intern J Sport Physiol Performance, 15(2): 243-248.
- Kilding AE, Sequeira GM, Wood MR. (2018). Effects of ischemic preconditioning on economy, VO2 kinetics and cycling performance in endurance athletes. Europ J Appl Physiol, 118(12): 2541-2549.
- Lalonde F, Curnier DY. (2015). Can anaerobic performance be improved by remote ischemic preconditioning? J Strength Condition Res, 29(1): 80-85.
- Marocolo M, Billaut F, Da Mota GR. (2018). Ischemic preconditioning and exercise performance: an ergogenic aid for whom? Frontiers Physiol, 9: 1874.
- McIlvenna LC, Muggeridge DJ, Forrest LJ, Monaghan C, Liddle L, Burleigh MC, et al. (2019). Lower limb ischemic preconditioning combined with dietary nitrate supplementation does not influence time-trial performance in well-trained cyclists. J Sci Med Sport, 22(7): 852-857.
- Montoye AH, Mitchinson CJ, Townsend OR, Nemmers CH, Serkaian CN, Rider BC. (2020). Ischemic preconditioning does not improve time trial performance in recreational runners. Intern J Exerc Scie, 13(6): 1402.
- Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. (1986). Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation, 74(5): 1124-1136.
- Nyakayiru J, Jonvik KL, Trommelen J, Pinckaers PJ, Senden J.M, Van Loon LJ, et al. (2017). Beetroot juice supplementation improves high-intensity intermittent type exercise performance in trained soccer players. Nutrients, 9(3): 314.
- Patterson SD, Bezodis NE, Glaister M, Pattison JR. (2015). The effect of ischemic preconditioning on repeated sprint cycling performance. Med Sci Sport Exerc, 47(8): 1652-1658.
- Porcelli S, Ramaglia M, Bellistri G, Pavei G, Pugliese L, Montorsi M, et al. (2015). Aerobic fitness affects the exercise performance responses to nitrate supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47(8):1643-51.
- Ranjbaran M, Kadkhodaee M, Seifi B. (2018). Ischemic conditioning strategies for kidneys protection: From experimental findings to clinical application. Iran J Physiol Pharmacol, 2(4): 225-214.
- Rokkedal-Lausch T, Franch J, Poulsen MK, Thomsen LP, Weitzberg E, Kamavuako EN, et al. (2019). Chronic high-dose beetroot juice supplementation improves time trial performance of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia. Nitric Oxide, 85: 44-52.
- Tomschi F, Niemann D, Bloch W, Predel HG, Grau M, (2018). Ischemic preconditioning enhances performance and erythrocyte deformability of responders. Intern J Sports Med, 39(8): 596-603.
Sedighian Rad M, Mehrabani J. (2021). Short-term effect of caffeine and beetroot juice supplementation on antioxidative variables and performance in endurance athletes. J Appl Exerc Physiol, 17(34): 31-45.
)