Arsalan Damirchi; Karim Azali Alamdari; Parvin Babaei
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 135-147
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important factor affecting cognitive function which has recently interested a bulk trend of effort in the health context. In spite of a good body of evidence reported concern to positive association between aerobic fitness, cognitive function ...
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Abstract
Aim: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important factor affecting cognitive function which has recently interested a bulk trend of effort in the health context. In spite of a good body of evidence reported concern to positive association between aerobic fitness, cognitive function and serum BDNF, there is no enough information about the effect of aerobic training and also detraining period on memory function and circulatory BDNF in middle aged individuals.
Method: Twenty one middle aged males (age: 58.08±5.99, weight: 75.79±12.13 kg, BMI: 25.78±2.76 kg.m-2) randomized in two groups including aerobic exercise (Ex, n=11) and control (Con, N=10). Ex subjects participated in six weeks of endurance exercise sessions, 3 sessions/week by the intensity of 60-70% of HRR for 25 to 40 min in each min. Midterm and Short term memory tests were conducted and also blood samples were taken in three occasions including pretest, after six weeks of training and after the following six weeks of detraining period. Data were analyzed using independent t test, ANOVA and ANCOVA repeated measures.
Results: Six weeks of aerobic training in Ex group significantly increased basal serum BDNF level, and also short term and midterm memory function (P
Majid Seifi Azarnejad
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 151-163
Abstract
Aim: silymarin has anti -inflammatory, antioxidant, stabilizes cell membranes and regulate cell permeability properties and could be prevent the undesirable some of muscle damage indices in patients and even athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of administration ...
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Aim: silymarin has anti -inflammatory, antioxidant, stabilizes cell membranes and regulate cell permeability properties and could be prevent the undesirable some of muscle damage indices in patients and even athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of administration of silymarin in youth male soccer athletes after one-bout resistance exercise. Method: Eighteen young male soccer players (mean age 16.09±1.31 years, body fat 14.21±2.87% and BMI 21.96±0.70 kg.m2) in a quasi-experimental and randomized design. All subjects were divided in two homogeneous supplement and placebo groups of 9 subjects: (include: 140 mg capsules silymarin or dextrose 3 times daily for two week). After the supplementation, all subjects were participated a one- bout circle resistance exercise protocol (with 80 % 1-RM in 3 sets with 6 repetition) include six station participated. Changes in cellular damage indices (total serum CK and LDH) were determined in three stages (baseline, after supplementation period and 24 hours after the exercise). Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, bonferroni and independent t test at α≤0.05. Results: The results showed that the silymarin supplementation had no significant effect on the basal cell enzymes activity (P≥0.05). Moreover, resistance exercise significantly increased level of cellular injury serum enzymes 24-hour after exercise in both group (P≤0.05). However, the change range in all of cell enzymes activity of placebo group was significantly more than in the silymarin group after 24 hours of exercise (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present findings, it maybe concluded that silymarin supplementation did significantly prevent further undesirable changes resistance exercise-induced cell damage in young male soccer players.
Ramin Amirsasan; Ali Zarghami Khameneh; Ali Ojagi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 159-172
Abstract
Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of creatine loading on some delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices (biochemical, functional and superficial) following resistance exercise in male wrestler. Methodology: Eighteen volunteer male wrestler (age 21.11±1.13 ...
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Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of creatine loading on some delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices (biochemical, functional and superficial) following resistance exercise in male wrestler. Methodology: Eighteen volunteer male wrestler (age 21.11±1.13 years, body fat 12.67±1.84 %, and BMI 21.96±0.70 kg.m2) were assigned to a randomized and double-blind into two equal creatine (n=10) and placebo (n=10) groups. After six consecutive days supplementation (300 mg.kg-1.day body weight creatine or dextrose), all subjects were participated in one single- session circuit resistance exercise protocol (with 80% 1-RM in 3 sets with 6 repetition) include six station. Changes in muscle soreness indices were determined in three phases (before supplementation phase, immediately and 24 hours after the resistance exercise protocol). Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni and independent T test at P≤0.05. Results: The results show that the one-session resistance exercise protocol significantly increased the creatine kinase (CK) and perceived muscle soreness index (P≤0.05). Although, the 24-hour of serum CK change ranges in creatine group were significantly less than in placebo group (P≤0.05). While, the 24-hour differences of lower limb’s swelling, flexibility, maximal isometric strength, and explosive power between two groups were not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the short-term creatine loading leads to attenuate the adverse effects of undesirable muscle soreness indices (serum total CK). Therefore, based on the present results, that creatine loading could reduce the muscle soreness ranges following the resistance exercise.
Sh Mirdar; E Asadi; A Arzani; Gh Hamidiyan
Abstract
Aim: Estrogens binding to estrogen receptors in the cytoplasm, causing an increase in the synthesis of DNA, RNA and others proteins in the target tissue. Endurance exercises may affect the expression of estrogen receptors in overectomized rats. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the ...
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Aim: Estrogens binding to estrogen receptors in the cytoplasm, causing an increase in the synthesis of DNA, RNA and others proteins in the target tissue. Endurance exercises may affect the expression of estrogen receptors in overectomized rats. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks swimming training on expression of estrogen receptors in the uterus and fallopian tubes in overectomized rats.
Method: thirty female Wistar rats with an average weight of 90-110g, were randomly assigned into three groups, consist of control, sham and swimming training. swimming time at first was 30 minutes for each session that daily increased 5 minutes until reached 60 minutes per day in second week and remained 60 minutes to end of training period (6 week). expression of estrogen receptors in fallopian tubes and uterus tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry assay. data analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test at α≥0.005
Results: The mean levels of estrogen receptors expression in uterus were not significantly different between training with control group. But differences were significant between training and control groups with sham group (P<0.01). expression of estrogen receptors increased %78.43 in sham group and decreased %2.3 in training group in comparison to control group.
Conclusion: the results of present study indicated that six weeks' swimming training haven’t any effect on expression of estrogen receptors in overectomized rat uterus tissue.
Elham Eyni Gandomani; Jalil Reisi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training and spirulina supplementation on humoral immune system, cardio respiratory fitness and body composition of overweight women. 30 inactive students (height (cm): 161. 7 ± 2. 8, weight (kg): 75.76 ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training and spirulina supplementation on humoral immune system, cardio respiratory fitness and body composition of overweight women. 30 inactive students (height (cm): 161. 7 ± 2. 8, weight (kg): 75.76 ± 8.43, age(y): 25. 06 ± 6. 66) were divided into three groups (placebo - HIIT, spirulina - HIIT, spirulina). Exercise groups performed HIIT for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week with 4-7 repetitions in each session () in intensity of 90% of the maximum heart rate). Supplementation groups received 6 g spirulina powder per day. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after 8 weeks to determine the levels of IgA and IgG. A significant reduction was observed in BMI, WHR, body fat percentage and significant increase in body fat free mass, VO2max, IgA in all three groups. There was a significant elevation in IgG level in the placebo - HIIT and spirulina - HIIT (P=0. 001, t=-6. 77) groups. However, there was no significant difference in IgG levels between the pre and post supplement consumption in the spirulina group (P=0. 07, t=-1. 54). In general, the results of this study showed that 8 weeks of HIIT and supplementation of spirulina increase the function of the immune system and respiratory cardiovascular fitness. Also, 8 weeks of HIIT and spirulina supplementation cause of weight loss and increase fitness by decreasing BMI, WHR, body fat percentage and increase body fat free mass in women.
F Saghi; E Hakak Dokht; M Moazzami
Abstract
Aim: Derived hormones from adipokines are include leptin, adiponectin, apelin and omentin. One of the roles of omentin is reducing insulin resistance.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on serum omentin, insulin resistance and lipid profilein ...
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Aim: Derived hormones from adipokines are include leptin, adiponectin, apelin and omentin. One of the roles of omentin is reducing insulin resistance.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on serum omentin, insulin resistance and lipid profilein women. Method: Twenty four non-active healthy obese postmenopausal women volunteered to participate in this research. They were randomly assigned into two groups: aerobic training group (AT, n=12) resistance training group (RT, n=12). AT group carried out exercises at 55-75 percent of maximal heart rate reserve and RT group carried out training at 60-80 percent of 1RM. Dependent variables were measured in the two phases of the study, including pre-test and post-test. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before starting the first training session and also 48 hours after the last training session. Results: Results of paired samples t-test did not show any significant difference between changes in serum omentin and insulin resistance after aerobic training and resistance training. However, independent samples t-test show significant changes in all of them. Conclusion: The results of intergroup variations showed that there is a significant difference between the effect of eight weeks of resistance and endurance training on the amount of omentin, insulin resistance and lipid profiles. Keywords: Aerobic training, resistance training, omentin, insulin resistance.
Afshar Jafari; Alireza Rostami; Vahid Sari-Sarraf
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determin the effect of short-term Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on plasma lactate and serum total creatine kinase (CK) in healthy collegiate men after an aerobic exercise.
Method: Eighteen healthy untrained men (age 24±3 years, body fat 12±2%, and VO2max ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determin the effect of short-term Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on plasma lactate and serum total creatine kinase (CK) in healthy collegiate men after an aerobic exercise.
Method: Eighteen healthy untrained men (age 24±3 years, body fat 12±2%, and VO2max 39±3 ml/kg/min) in a randomized and double-blind design were allocated in two equal groups: supplement group (n=9, Coenzyme Q10: 2.5 mg/kg/day) and placebo group (n=9, Dextrose: 2.5 mg/kg/day). After supplementation period, all subjects were participated in aerobic exercise protocol with 75% VO2max on the treadmill for 30 minutes. Blood samples obtained before the Q10 supplementation along with immediately before and after the exercise protocol, respectively. Plasma lactate and serum total creatine kinase were determined by automatic analyzers. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni and independent t test at P≤0.05.
Results: The results show that short-term Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has no significant effect on basal parameters. However, plasma lactate and serum total CK were significantly increased (P
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Karim Azali Alamdari; babak Ebadi Shirmard; Hadi Rohani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim ...
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Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim of the present study was to determine the average ES of exercise training on skeletal muscle C/f in patients disposed to MR. Materials and Methods: A search for English articles was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases without limiting the year of publication until February 2023. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using random effect model. Correlation between variables was investigated using fixed effects model meta-regression.Results: A summary ES achieved as WMD=0.21 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.26) from the results of 308 subjects, included in 22 exercise training interventions (p=0.014, I2=44.16). No correlations were observed in between the changes in C/F and the age of subjects included in each intervention based on action of the moment’s meta-regression model (r=-0.00, p=0.92, z=0.099). Among the exercise duration categories, interventions less than 8 weeks (n=3) had the least ES on C/F (WMD=0.18), while a WMD of 0.22 were determined for both of interventions with 8 weeks (n=7) and more than 8 weeks duration (n=12) categories (z=9.68, p=0.001). Moreover, interventions in HIIT and intensive aerobic exercise training category had greater ES (WMD=0.23) compared to MICT and aerobic exercise training (WMD= 020) interventions (z=9.73, p=0.001). =
Shadmehr Mirdar; Maedehsadat Raisi; Masoomeh Nobahar
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 11-23
Abstract
AbstractAim: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of two peaks exercise training program during one week on some hepatic stress indexes (AST, ALT) in active girls.
Method: Twelve physical education girl students with ranged between 16-18 years old and mean maximal oxygen consumption ...
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AbstractAim: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of two peaks exercise training program during one week on some hepatic stress indexes (AST, ALT) in active girls.
Method: Twelve physical education girl students with ranged between 16-18 years old and mean maximal oxygen consumption 35.2±3.4 ml/kg/min, was selected and divided randomly into an experimental (n=7) and control (n=5) groups. The subjects in the experimental group performed two peaks exercise training program during one week with 70%, 80%, and 90% VO2max intensities in the first three days and repeated in late three days. The control group did not perform any physical activity while the research was underway. Venous blood samples were obtained for analysis before the exercise and the 24 hours after one, 3, 6 days exercise sessions. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA with repeated measure test and independent t-test at significant levels p
Abbasali Gaeini; Aida Bahramian; Mohsen Javidi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 21-32
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome which is determined by insulin deficiency-induced hyperglycemic or decrease of in body insulin sensitivity. Chronic inflammation conditions in diabetes are associated with Cyclooxigenase 2 enzyme (COX-2) expression. The major metabolites of this ...
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Abstract
Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome which is determined by insulin deficiency-induced hyperglycemic or decrease of in body insulin sensitivity. Chronic inflammation conditions in diabetes are associated with Cyclooxigenase 2 enzyme (COX-2) expression. The major metabolites of this enzyme, which play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis are Prostocyclin (PGI-2) and Tromboxane (TXA-2). However, Prostocyclin is a potent vasodilator and prevents platelet aggregation and Tromboxane causes vasoconstriction, proliferation of smooth muscles and aggregation and remodeling of platelets. The present study investigates the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the expression of COX-2 enzyme and its metabolites such as TXA-2 and PGI-2 in wistar diabetic male rats.
Method: For this purpose, in an experimental study 24 wistar rats were purchased from Pasteur Institute of Iran and divided into resistance training (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The resistance training protocol included 8 weeks (3 sessions per weeks) of ten sets of ladder ascending with free weights were attached to the rats’ tails (70 to 75% of maximum capacity of carrying free weights by each rat).The animals were sacrificed 48 hours after the last session of training program and blood samples were taken. After the left ventricle was drained, stimulatory and inhibitory factors were measured and the data was analyzed by t-test via spss16 software.
Results: The results of independent t-test showed that there was a significant decrease in blood glucose (P
Nahid Bijeh; Saeed Ramezani; Babi San Askari; Asra Askari
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
Aim: Recently, energy drink consumption by athletes has become increasingly popular. Athletes believe that energy drinks can be used to enhance their performance during training and competition due to their potentially ergogenic ingredients such as carbohydrates, caffeine, sodium and taurine, among others. ...
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Aim: Recently, energy drink consumption by athletes has become increasingly popular. Athletes believe that energy drinks can be used to enhance their performance during training and competition due to their potentially ergogenic ingredients such as carbohydrates, caffeine, sodium and taurine, among others. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the acute ingestion of a taurine and caffeine-containing drink on Wingate cycle performance and blood lactate levels in active men. Method: A sample of 19 active male students (age: 8/0±3/22years, height7/6±2/71: cm, weight: 4/5±9/175kg) from Mazandaran University were selected. This research was conducted on two separate sessions with four days rest in between. In the first session, all of the subjects participated in the Wingate test, after having a standard breakfast, and after the blood taking (before and 2 min after test) and hand muscle esterangth measurement. In the second session, subjects were randomly divided in three groups (taurine and caffeine-containing drink, placebo and no drink groups). Immediately after having breakfast (forty minutes prior to test beginning), each group received 6 ml/kg.bw of related beverages. Results: In the taurine and caffeine-containing drink group, minimum (p=0/017) and mean (p=0/029) power was increased and blood lactate before (p=0/357) and after (p=0/920) the test, was unchanged Conlusion: In conclusion a commercially-available taurine and caffeine-containing drink (Red Bull) enhances anaerobic power of active male.
Amir Abas Monazzami; Zinab Mohammadi; Rahman Soori
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of time of competition on proteinuria , hematuria and recovery in men Kung fu players. Method: 28 men Kung fu players with at least 8 years of practice experience were selected and classified in two groups, randomly. ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of time of competition on proteinuria , hematuria and recovery in men Kung fu players. Method: 28 men Kung fu players with at least 8 years of practice experience were selected and classified in two groups, randomly. Urine samples were taken 30 minutes before the competition, 60 minutes, 8 and 24 hours after competition from both groups. Dipsticks and total pro urine/CSF techniques were used for analyzing hematuria and proteinuria. To determine the difference between variables , one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, paired t-test and independent t-test at the level of PResults: Results showed that there was no significant difference in Hematuria in the morning and evening Samples. The results also showed that there wes significant difference only in Proteinuria between two groups at 8 hours after competition (P<0.05) and there was no significant differencein Hematuria at times of 60 minutes, 8 and 24 hours after competition. Conclusion: Results showed that the time of recovery for Hematuria and Proteinuria is achieved faster in the evening than in the morning. As a result, playing matches in the morning requires efficient recovery strategies.
Sports and health nutrition
Bahareh Rahmani; Morteza taheri; khadijeh irandoust
Abstract
Abstract, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cumin intake following partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats and some cardiorespiratory indices in student-athletes.Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental and the research ...
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Abstract, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cumin intake following partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats and some cardiorespiratory indices in student-athletes.Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental and the research design was cross-sectional. The statistical population included all female student-athletes of Imam Khomeini International university (Age: 18-25 years), of whom 8 students were chosen based on convenience sampling method (Age: 20.01± 53 0.53; height 163.50± 6.57 cm;, weight 56.54± 2 2.54 kg; body mass index 21.19 ± 1.85 kg / m2; maximum oxygen consumption 87 58.30±5.5 kg / min and heart rate 93.63 ±5.15 beats per minute). The main group consisted of 8 subjects who were initially tested as a control group; they were then tested again as placebo and supplement groups after a seven-day wash out period, respectively. PSD was performed for 4 hours the night before the test. Exhaustion was measured and recorded by Bruce treadmill test; cardiorespiratory parameters, carbohydrate and fat oxidation were analyzed by gas analyzer. Results: The results suggested that carbohydrate oxidation increased at the time of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in the cumin supplement group (p≤0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation and respiratory exchange ratio also increased at the time of anaerobic threshold and Vo2max in cumin supplement group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In summary, it can be said that taking cumin pills improves the performance of sleep deprived athletes.
Fatah Moradi; Vayan Vosouqi; Azam Heydarzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 89-104
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Appetite is a subjective concept to describe control of food intake, and is under control of brain and hormones like active ghrelin. Ever-increasing incidence of obesity and related multiple psychological and physiological problems converted it into a global epidemic, while sedentariness ...
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Abstract
Aim: Appetite is a subjective concept to describe control of food intake, and is under control of brain and hormones like active ghrelin. Ever-increasing incidence of obesity and related multiple psychological and physiological problems converted it into a global epidemic, while sedentariness is considered as one of the main obesity-causing factors. Chemerin is a new adipokine that its serum level increases in obese patients. The purpose of this study was to survey effect of twelve weeks aerobic training on chemerin, active ghrelin, and appetite in sedentary obese men.
Method: In a semi-experimental study, twentyone sedentary obese men were randomly placed in two groups: aerobic training (n=10, 27.8±3.2 yr, 93.5±7.1 kg, 31.7±3.4%, 32.0±3.5 kg/m2) and control group (n=11, 26.7±2.6 yr, 92.9±6.3 kg, 31.4±3.2 %, 32.3±2.8 kg/m2). General characteristics of subjects, circulating levels of chamerin and ghrelin (using ELISA kits), and appetite (using Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire) were assessed before and after training. Aerobic training protocol consisted of twelve weeks pedaling on cycle ergometer (3 sessions per week, intensity 60-70% of reserved heart rate, duration of each session 20-40 min). Data analyzed by SPSS16 software. Statistical significance was accepted at P
Exercise Physiology
Mohammad Rahman Rahimi; Hassan Faraji; sahar shamlooee
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of MCT1 A1470T polymorphism (rs 1049434) on one repetition maximum muscle strength in young athletes of the speed and endurance strength group in the chest press and squat-smith tests.Methodology: 49 young trained male athletes ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of MCT1 A1470T polymorphism (rs 1049434) on one repetition maximum muscle strength in young athletes of the speed and endurance strength group in the chest press and squat-smith tests.Methodology: 49 young trained male athletes with average age (24.22±5.54 years), height (178.57±8.91 cm), and weight (75.32±13.31 kg) were included in this research with the entry criteria. Muscle strength was calculated during one session using a maximum repetition test in two parts of the upper body (chest press test) and lower body (squats) for each subject. ARMS-PCR method was used to determine the genotype of the samples.Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the genotypes of the MCT1 polymorphism in one repetition of the maximum muscle strength of the Scott-Smith test in athletes (F=51.3, p=0.038) that the TT genotype with the highest strength in the test Scott Smith was with him. LSD post hoc test showed that subjects with genotype (TT+AT) have more strength compared to subjects with genotype (AA+AT). In the strength group between genotypes (AA and TT) in one repetition of maximum Scott-Smith muscle strength, the difference It was significant (p=0.047, F=3.54) and people with TT genotype had the highest strength in the Scott-Smith test.Conclusion: The TT genotype of the MCT1 polymorphism has been associated with the lower body muscle strength of athletes and the effect of this genotype was evident in the athletes of the strength group.
Exercise Physiology
Zohreh Shanazari; Mohammad Faramarzi; ZAHRA HEMATI FARSANI; Mohammad Soleimani
Abstract
Introduction: Body weight is adjusted through the balance between receiving food and energy. The ghrelin hormone increases appetite and food intake. The aim of this study was to examine the order effect of combined training on ghrelin levels and energy expenditure in overweight women. Methods: 30 overweight ...
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Introduction: Body weight is adjusted through the balance between receiving food and energy. The ghrelin hormone increases appetite and food intake. The aim of this study was to examine the order effect of combined training on ghrelin levels and energy expenditure in overweight women. Methods: 30 overweight female (aged 32-18 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg m) was selected and randomly divided into three groups, endurance – resistance (E+S), resistance –endurance (S+E) and control group. Participants performed eight,weeks, threesessions per week combined training.. 24 h before and 48 h after training program Ghrelin levels and energy expenditure were measured by ELISA kit and Harris-Benedict formula. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test and LSD post hoc test and SPSS statistical software with significance level of (P <0.05).Results: E+S and S+E intervention was caused increase on energy expenditure than control group (p<0.05) and There was no significant effect on ghrelin(p>0.05) . Also, there was no significant difference between strength - endurance and endurance-strength intervention on the ghrelin levels and energy expenditure in overweight women.Conclusion: Without attention to order of training, combined exercises has significant effect on and energy expenditure and There is no significant effect on ghrelin levels .it seems appropriate training methods for weight loss of overweight women.
Nader Shavandi; Abbas Saremi; Alireza Bahrami; Laila Shegarfi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 117-127
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Insomnia and systemic inflammation are common in end-stage of renal disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a resistance training program during haemodialysis could improve sleep quality and systemic inflammation in haemodialysis patients.
Method: This study is a ...
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Abstract
Aim: Insomnia and systemic inflammation are common in end-stage of renal disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a resistance training program during haemodialysis could improve sleep quality and systemic inflammation in haemodialysis patients.
Method: This study is a cross- sectional study which was performed within a haemodialisis unit of Ghiasi Hospital. Fifteen haemodialysis patients (age= 52.2±9.4 yr, body mass index= 23.4±2.39 kg/m2) participated in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to resistance training (n=8) and control (n=7) groups. The training group participated in 8-week resistance training during dialysis (three times/ week, 60 min/ session). The intensity of the exercise program is condition level 12-16 according to the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (moderate intensity). Sleep quality [the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)], C-reactive protein (systemic inflammatory index), and muscular fitness were measured prior to and after the intervention.
Results: Resistance training during dialysis improved the sleep quality index and muscular fitness in haemodialysis patients (p
Reza Gharakhanlou; Azadeh Narimani; Azar Aghayari
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 149-163
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short term Beta-hydroxyl beta-methylbutyrate (HMB ) supplementation on plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level after resistance training program, in untrained women.
Method: Sixteen untrained women, aged 24.3±1 years, height 163±2.35 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short term Beta-hydroxyl beta-methylbutyrate (HMB ) supplementation on plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level after resistance training program, in untrained women.
Method: Sixteen untrained women, aged 24.3±1 years, height 163±2.35 cm and weight 61.5±2.25 kg were selected and randomly divided into two HMB supplementation (n=8) and placebo (n=8) groups. All subjects trained 3 times per week for 2 weeks. HMB group and placebo group received 3 gr/day of HMB and placebo, respectively.The muscle injury marker (CPK) and upper and lower body 1-RM were measured in pre and three post tests. To investigate the differences between pre and post-test results in each group Bonferroni test was used and the difference between two groups was determined by independent student t-test.
Results: The result showed that the mean of plasma CPK level was significantly (P
Farhad Rahmani-Nia F; Javad Mehrabani; Mahdiheh Zanganeh
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 173-185
Abstract
Objective: Aging in women and the incidence of amenorrhea can lead to eating disorders, obesity and dissatisfaction of their body shape. Methodology: A total of 434 (108 athletes; BMI: 28.27±2.41, and 326 non-athletes; BMI: 35.11±4.13) Iranian women between 35-50 years old, participated ...
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Objective: Aging in women and the incidence of amenorrhea can lead to eating disorders, obesity and dissatisfaction of their body shape. Methodology: A total of 434 (108 athletes; BMI: 28.27±2.41, and 326 non-athletes; BMI: 35.11±4.13) Iranian women between 35-50 years old, participated in this study. The data were collected via a package that was consisted of questionnaires involving demographic, athletic history, menstrual pattern, eating attitude test-26, (The EAT-26 questionnaire) and female body image scale. The body mass index (BMI) was measured to compare actual, perceived and ideal body sizes Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney U and Spearman correlation. Results: The finding showed that there was no significant difference between eating disorder and secondary amenorrhea between athlete and non-athlete groups; but there was significant difference between body dissatisfaction, social pressure to change weight and actual BMI between two groups (P<0.05). The most rate of body dissatisfaction and social pressure to change weight observed in non athletes women (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, it seems that exercise can reduce eating disorders and body dissatisfaction or fitness contribute to increased performance.
Shadmehr Mirdar; Masoomeh Nobahar
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Physical exercise acts as a mechanical stressor that can elicit biochemical alterations. Thus, muscular effort is able to modify blood concentrations of some cellular enzymes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one progressive session exercise in day during one ...
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Abstract
Aim: Physical exercise acts as a mechanical stressor that can elicit biochemical alterations. Thus, muscular effort is able to modify blood concentrations of some cellular enzymes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one progressive session exercise in day during one week on some enzymes muscle damage such as creatine phospho Kinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in active girls.
Method: thirteen girls students of physical education with mean (Vo2max 41.07±5.11 ml/kg/min) was selected and randomly divided to experimental group (one session of exercise in day, on a treadmill at a rate of 6-8 km/h for 3 min with 1min of active rest between sets until exhaustion, n=7) and control group (n=6). Venous blood samples were obtained for analysis before of exercise (base line) and 1, 4, 7 days during of exercise period, as well as after the 24 hours last progressive session exercise. Data of study were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and independent t test. The significant level was set at P≤0.05.
Results: The result of this study indicated that AST, LDH and CPK were significantly higher after 1, 4 and 7 days exercise than the resting level (P≤0.05), but after 24 h of end period, this Diff were significantly lower than at the exercise day (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggested that acute exposure to progressive session exercise without adequate recovery can lead to reduced performance and a more dramatically increase in muscle damage enzymes.
Key words: Progressive exercise, muscle damage, LDH, CPK, AST.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Hossein Talebi; Tahereh Bagherpoor; Nematollah nemati
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of traditional resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises on serum levels of muscle damage indicators and motor performance of young wrestlers.Methods: Thirty young wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 control ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of traditional resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises on serum levels of muscle damage indicators and motor performance of young wrestlers.Methods: Thirty young wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 control groups, traditional-resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises. Serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were investigated by fasting blood sampling method. Muscular strength, speed, power and agility were also respectively evaluated by one repetition maximum in chest press movement, 15 yard speed test, Sargent's jump and T test. Then, each of the training groups performed their respective exercises for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each training session lasted 30-45 minutes. At the end of 12 weeks of training, the post-test phase was conducted. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of research findings.Results: The results of two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that in the post-test stage, both traditional-resistance and suspension-resistance exercises lead to a significant improvement in strength, speed, power and agility, as well as a significant decrease in serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (p≤0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, it seems that suspension-resistance exercises, due to its unique features, can be used as a new approach alongside with traditional-resistance exercises to improve the movement performance and also reduce the levels of muscle damage indicators of young wrestlers.
Exercise Physiology
Solmaz Babaei; Morteza Fattahpour Marani
Abstract
Aim: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are important proteins in the regulation of muscle tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT training on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in inactive young women.Method: The present study was conducted ...
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Aim: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are important proteins in the regulation of muscle tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT training on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in inactive young women.Method: The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental manner with two experimental and control groups on 30 inactive young women in the age range of 30-35 years. The experimental group performed HIIT exercises for 8 weeks, and three sessions per week for 60 minutes with an intensity of 65-75% of the maximum heart rate, and during this period, the control group had no physical activity. Blood samples were taken after 48 hours before and after exercise intervention in order to measure myostatin and follistatin variables. Data were analyzed using covariance test.Result: The results of this research showed that the serum level of myostatin decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group after 8 weeks of HIIT exercises (P<0.001), while the serum level of follistatin increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. You have shown (P<0.001).Conclusion: HIIT exercises can decrease the expression of myostatin and increase the expression of follistatin in human samples and can lead to muscle hypertrophy and can be used as an exercise intervention in the rehabilitation program of inactive women. be placed.Keywords: HIIT; Myostatin, follistatin, young women
Exercise Physiology
Aylar Fathi; simin namvar
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. In this disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain causes a decrease in nerve density and the volume of the hippocampus. Studying the types of sports activities and finding the best type is considered as a way to control Alzheimer's. ...
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Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. In this disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain causes a decrease in nerve density and the volume of the hippocampus. Studying the types of sports activities and finding the best type is considered as a way to control Alzheimer's. The aim of the current research was to study the effect of six weeks of continuous aerobic training on the neuronal density of the hippocampus CA1 region and memory performance.The current research was carried out experimentally. The statistical population was male Wistar rats with a weight range of 300 to 350 grams. For this purpose, 40 11-month-old male rats were prepared and randomly divided into four groups of 10 including the training patient group, control patient group, healthy training group and healthy control group. The rats performed the relevant exercises for six weeks by repeating five sessions per week. 48 hours after the last session, brain tissue was removed and data were collected. Neuronal density was measured by histological method and memory performance by novel object recognition test. The results were extracted using two-way variance analysis at a significance level of p≥0.05.Neuron density in the hippocampus in the training patient group increased significantly compared to the control patient group. Also, improvement of memory performance was observed in the training patient group compared to the control patient group (p=0.004). Performing continuous aerobic exercises for six weeks increases the neuronal density in the hippocampus and improves memory function in Alzheimer's disease.
Exercise Physiology
Fariba Pourasghar; jabbar bashiri; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; HASSAN POURRAZI; Mir Alireza Nourazar
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intense interval exercise training and melatonin supplementation on the apoptotic indices of kidney tissue in rats suffering from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (weight: 250 and 300 grams) were randomly ...
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Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intense interval exercise training and melatonin supplementation on the apoptotic indices of kidney tissue in rats suffering from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (weight: 250 and 300 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups, healthy, Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R), I/R + intense interval training, I/R + melatonin supplement and I/R + high intensive interval training + melatonin supplement. Except for the healthy group, the animals were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion in other test groups. The high intensive interval training protocol was implemented for 12 weeks (5 days per week). Caspase 3, BAX, BCL2 and TNFα gene expression indices were measured by real time PCR method. Because of the non-normal distribution of parameters, the data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test at the significance level of p
Exercise Metabolism
ABAZAR Teimoori; Alireza Ruzbahani; ZAhra Karimi mehr
Abstract
Aim:. The purpose of this study was to investigate The effect of eight weeks of increasing resistance training and BCAA nanoliposome supplementation on MiR-200a, HSP60, soleus muscle mitochondrial gene expression and serum IGF-1 in aged male rats.Methods: 32 old male were randomly divided into 4 groups: ...
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Aim:. The purpose of this study was to investigate The effect of eight weeks of increasing resistance training and BCAA nanoliposome supplementation on MiR-200a, HSP60, soleus muscle mitochondrial gene expression and serum IGF-1 in aged male rats.Methods: 32 old male were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, supplement (BCAA), combined (resistant training + BCAA) and exercise. Resistance training consisted of eight weeks of ladder training with moderate intensity (70% of MVCC) and five days a week. Rats in the supplement and combined groups received BCAA nanoliposome supplement at the rate of 600 mg per kilogram of body weight by gavage 5 days a week for 8 weeks. MiR200a and HSP60 were obtained using real-time PCR method and serum IGF-1 was obtained using ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.Finding: significant decrease in MiR-200a and a increase in the expression of the HSP60 gene and serum IGF-1 of rats in the combination and exercise group compared to the supplement and control groups (p=0.001)., No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (p=0.105).Conclusion: The direct effect of miR-200a and HSP60 on IGF-1 signal has an important effect on muscle growth and atrophy. The increase of IGF-1 as a result of strength training and BCAA supplementation causes hypertrophy and creates an anabolic environment and can affect age-related muscle growth factors and can bring benefits in this regard for the elderly.Keywords: Resistance training, BCAA, micro RNA, HSP60.
