Exercise Physiology
Solmaz Babaei; Morteza Fattahpour Marani
Abstract
Aim: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are important proteins in the regulation of muscle tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT training on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in inactive young women.Method: The present study was conducted ...
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Aim: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are important proteins in the regulation of muscle tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT training on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in inactive young women.Method: The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental manner with two experimental and control groups on 30 inactive young women in the age range of 30-35 years. The experimental group performed HIIT exercises for 8 weeks, and three sessions per week for 60 minutes with an intensity of 65-75% of the maximum heart rate, and during this period, the control group had no physical activity. Blood samples were taken after 48 hours before and after exercise intervention in order to measure myostatin and follistatin variables. Data were analyzed using covariance test.Result: The results of this research showed that the serum level of myostatin decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group after 8 weeks of HIIT exercises (P<0.001), while the serum level of follistatin increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. You have shown (P<0.001).Conclusion: HIIT exercises can decrease the expression of myostatin and increase the expression of follistatin in human samples and can lead to muscle hypertrophy and can be used as an exercise intervention in the rehabilitation program of inactive women. be placed.Keywords: HIIT; Myostatin, follistatin, young women
Exercise Physiology
Aylar Fathi; simin namvar
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. In this disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain causes a decrease in nerve density and the volume of the hippocampus. Studying the types of sports activities and finding the best type is considered as a way to control Alzheimer's. ...
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Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. In this disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain causes a decrease in nerve density and the volume of the hippocampus. Studying the types of sports activities and finding the best type is considered as a way to control Alzheimer's. The aim of the current research was to study the effect of six weeks of continuous aerobic training on the neuronal density of the hippocampus CA1 region and memory performance.The current research was carried out experimentally. The statistical population was male Wistar rats with a weight range of 300 to 350 grams. For this purpose, 40 11-month-old male rats were prepared and randomly divided into four groups of 10 including the training patient group, control patient group, healthy training group and healthy control group. The rats performed the relevant exercises for six weeks by repeating five sessions per week. 48 hours after the last session, brain tissue was removed and data were collected. Neuronal density was measured by histological method and memory performance by novel object recognition test. The results were extracted using two-way variance analysis at a significance level of p≥0.05.Neuron density in the hippocampus in the training patient group increased significantly compared to the control patient group. Also, improvement of memory performance was observed in the training patient group compared to the control patient group (p=0.004). Performing continuous aerobic exercises for six weeks increases the neuronal density in the hippocampus and improves memory function in Alzheimer's disease.
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Karim Azali Alamdari; Babak Ebadi Shirmard; Hadi Rohani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim ...
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Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim of the present study was to determine the average ES of exercise training on skeletal muscle C/f in patients disposed to MR. Materials and Methods: A search for English articles was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases without limiting the year of publication until February 2023. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using random effect model. Correlation between variables was investigated using fixed effects model meta-regression.Results: A summary ES achieved as WMD=0.21 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.26) from the results of 308 subjects, included in 22 exercise training interventions (p=0.014, I2=44.16). No correlations were observed in between the changes in C/F and the age of subjects included in each intervention based on action of the moment’s meta-regression model (r=-0.00, p=0.92, z=0.099). Among the exercise duration categories, interventions less than 8 weeks (n=3) had the least ES on C/F (WMD=0.18), while a WMD of 0.22 were determined for both of interventions with 8 weeks (n=7) and more than 8 weeks duration (n=12) categories (z=9.68, p=0.001). Moreover, interventions in HIIT and intensive aerobic exercise training category had greater ES (WMD=0.23) compared to MICT and aerobic exercise training (WMD= 020) interventions (z=9.73, p=0.001). =
Exercise Metabolism
ABAZAR Teimoori; Alireza Ruzbahani; ZAhra Karimi mehr
Abstract
Aim:. The purpose of this study was to investigate The effect of eight weeks of increasing resistance training and BCAA nanoliposome supplementation on MiR-200a, HSP60, soleus muscle mitochondrial gene expression and serum IGF-1 in aged male rats.Methods: 32 old male were randomly divided into 4 groups: ...
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Aim:. The purpose of this study was to investigate The effect of eight weeks of increasing resistance training and BCAA nanoliposome supplementation on MiR-200a, HSP60, soleus muscle mitochondrial gene expression and serum IGF-1 in aged male rats.Methods: 32 old male were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, supplement (BCAA), combined (resistant training + BCAA) and exercise. Resistance training consisted of eight weeks of ladder training with moderate intensity (70% of MVCC) and five days a week. Rats in the supplement and combined groups received BCAA nanoliposome supplement at the rate of 600 mg per kilogram of body weight by gavage 5 days a week for 8 weeks. MiR200a and HSP60 were obtained using real-time PCR method and serum IGF-1 was obtained using ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.Finding: significant decrease in MiR-200a and a increase in the expression of the HSP60 gene and serum IGF-1 of rats in the combination and exercise group compared to the supplement and control groups (p=0.001)., No significant difference was observed between the control and supplement groups (p=0.105).Conclusion: The direct effect of miR-200a and HSP60 on IGF-1 signal has an important effect on muscle growth and atrophy. The increase of IGF-1 as a result of strength training and BCAA supplementation causes hypertrophy and creates an anabolic environment and can affect age-related muscle growth factors and can bring benefits in this regard for the elderly.Keywords: Resistance training, BCAA, micro RNA, HSP60.
Exercise Physiology
maryam Molaei Jeghanab; mandana gholami; Abdolali Banaeifar; Farshad Ghazalian
Abstract
Aim: Changes in adipokines levels play an important role in the development of different disorders including the type 2 diabetes, which among them, chemerin and omentin-1 attracted a lotof attention. In contrast, positive effect of exercise training and vitaminD consumption have been reported in combating ...
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Aim: Changes in adipokines levels play an important role in the development of different disorders including the type 2 diabetes, which among them, chemerin and omentin-1 attracted a lotof attention. In contrast, positive effect of exercise training and vitaminD consumption have been reported in combating with pathologic effects of type 2 diabetes. The aim of present study is to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training along withvitaminD consumption on levels of chemerin and omentin-1 in type 2 diabetic patientsMethod: 40 diabetics men with average age of 47.19±3.83 years old and body fat percentage 30.96±2.49 assigned in four groups including the placebo, vitaminD, training and training+ vitaminD groups. The resistance training program conducted for eight weeks and three session per week with 60 to 70 percent of 1RM intensity. VitaminD consumption considered daily 2000 iu and placebo (oral paraffin) ingestion considered in the same amount. At the baseline and ending intervention, blood samples collected and the levels of chemerin and omentin-1 were measured and insulin resistance calculated. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance test and Bonferroni post-hoc test.Results: The present study findings indicated that in training and training+vitaminD groups the chemerin levels significantly decreased and omentin-1 significantly increased (p<0.05). Moreover, significant decrease of insulin resistance was observed in training and training+vitaminD groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: VitaminD ingestion can increase the hypoglycemic effects of resistance training partly, which these positive effects of resistance training and vitaminD consumption exerted by increase in omentin1 levels and decrease of chemerin levels.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Hossein Talebi; Tahereh Bagherpoor; Nematollah nemati
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of traditional resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises on serum levels of muscle damage indicators and motor performance of young wrestlers.Methods: Thirty young wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 control ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of traditional resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises on serum levels of muscle damage indicators and motor performance of young wrestlers.Methods: Thirty young wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 control groups, traditional-resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises. Serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were investigated by fasting blood sampling method. Muscular strength, speed, power and agility were also respectively evaluated by one repetition maximum in chest press movement, 15 yard speed test, Sargent's jump and T test. Then, each of the training groups performed their respective exercises for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each training session lasted 30-45 minutes. At the end of 12 weeks of training, the post-test phase was conducted. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of research findings.Results: The results of two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that in the post-test stage, both traditional-resistance and suspension-resistance exercises lead to a significant improvement in strength, speed, power and agility, as well as a significant decrease in serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (p≤0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, it seems that suspension-resistance exercises, due to its unique features, can be used as a new approach alongside with traditional-resistance exercises to improve the movement performance and also reduce the levels of muscle damage indicators of young wrestlers.
Physical activity and wellness
farnaz derakhti; bahloul ghorbanian; yousef saberi
Abstract
purpose: The increasing trend of obesity has turned it into one of the biggest health challenges in the world, which is related to various diseases, including fatty liver disease. the aim of the effect of eight weeks of TRX exercises with sesame seed supplementation on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, ...
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purpose: The increasing trend of obesity has turned it into one of the biggest health challenges in the world, which is related to various diseases, including fatty liver disease. the aim of the effect of eight weeks of TRX exercises with sesame seed supplementation on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lipid profile in obese women.methods: In this experimental study, 40 female subjects between the ages of 30 and 50 with obesity were randomly assigned to four supplement groups (10 people), exercise+supplement (10 people), Training (10 people) and control (10 people) were included. TRX training protocol included (8 weeks, 3 days, 40-45 minutes). The supplement groups consumed 30 grams of sesame daily for 60 days. Blood samples were taken in two stages before and after the test. Correlated t, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used to compare between groups. Statistical analyzes were performed at the statistical level of P≤0.05 using SPSS statistical software version 23.Result: TRX training and sesame supplement consumption had a significant effect on the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDL, HDL, TC and TG levels in the supplement, exercise+supplement and exercise groups compared to the control group (P 0.001), (P=0.039), (P=0.011), (P=0.003), (P=0.005), (P=0.024), (P=0.004).Conclusion: it seems that performing TRX exercises along with sesame seed supplementation can be used as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce risk factors (reducing ALT, AST, ALP and lipid profile) in obese people.
Exercise Physiology
Mehdi Pahlevani; Jabbar Bashiri; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Rasoul Hashem Kandi Asadi; Masoomeh Dadkhah
Abstract
Exercise and supplementation prevent the dysfunction of BDNFand disorder in the serum levels ofCRPandIL-6caused by diabetes.The purpose of the study wasto determine the simultaneous effect of2months of combined training and taurine supplementation onBDNF,CRPandIL-6indices in diabetic rats.In this experimental ...
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Exercise and supplementation prevent the dysfunction of BDNFand disorder in the serum levels ofCRPandIL-6caused by diabetes.The purpose of the study wasto determine the simultaneous effect of2months of combined training and taurine supplementation onBDNF,CRPandIL-6indices in diabetic rats.In this experimental study.30 adult male Wistar rats(250-300 grams and aged six weeks)were randomly divided into three groups diabetic exercisesupplementation(n=10),diabetic control(n=10)and healthy control(n=10).At the end of the8weekold,the amount of 55 mg/kg of body weight of streptozocin(STZ)was injected intraperitoneally,to make diabetic.The diabetic exercise-supplementation group performed the two months of combined exercises,5timesperweek(aerobic exercise with75%Vo2max on the treadmill and strength training includes15 times climbing the ladder).Taurine supplement was available to rats in the form ofa1%solution in daily drinking water(500 ml).The serum levels of BDNF,CRP and IL-6 were measured with Eliza method.OnewayANOVAand posthoc Tukey test were used to compare betweengroup and intragroup changes of BDNF,CRP,IL-6.The significance levelwasP<0.05.After two months of aerobicstrength training and taurine supplementation,BDNFserum level significantly increased in the diabetic exercise group compare to the diabetic group(P=0.003).Whereas,it significantly decreased in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control(P=0.0001).CRPserumlevel significantly decreased in the diabetic exercise-supplementation group compare to the diabetic group(P=0.008).Whereas, it significantly increased the diabetic controlgroup compared to the healthy control(P=0.0001).After2months of aerobicstrength training and taurine supplementation there was no significant change inIL-6 serum level in the diabetic exercisesupplement group compared tothe diabetic control group andinthe diabetic control group compare to the healthy control(P=0.059).According to the findings ofthis research,2months of simultaneous aerobic-strength training and taurine supplementation are recommended to increaseBDNFlevels and reduce inflammationin diabetics.
Exercise Physiology
Fariba Pourasghar; jabbar bashiri; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; HASSAN POURRAZI; Mir Alireza Nourazar
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intense interval exercise training and melatonin supplementation on the apoptotic indices of kidney tissue in rats suffering from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (weight: 250 and 300 grams) were randomly ...
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Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intense interval exercise training and melatonin supplementation on the apoptotic indices of kidney tissue in rats suffering from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (weight: 250 and 300 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups, healthy, Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R), I/R + intense interval training, I/R + melatonin supplement and I/R + high intensive interval training + melatonin supplement. Except for the healthy group, the animals were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion in other test groups. The high intensive interval training protocol was implemented for 12 weeks (5 days per week). Caspase 3, BAX, BCL2 and TNFα gene expression indices were measured by real time PCR method. Because of the non-normal distribution of parameters, the data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test at the significance level of p
Exercise Metabolism
Masoud Rahnama; Hamid Mohebi; Hamid Rajabi
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profile of elite male karate athletes based on their physical fitness level during different phases of six competitions in one day, similar to real karate competitions.Study method: Ten young elite karateka participated in this research. Based ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profile of elite male karate athletes based on their physical fitness level during different phases of six competitions in one day, similar to real karate competitions.Study method: Ten young elite karateka participated in this research. Based on the Z scores obtained from physical fitness tests, including aerobic power (Bruce test), anaerobic power (30 s Wingate test), vertical jump, 30 m sprint, and agility (9×4 m), they were divided into two groups of high (n=5) and low (n=5) physical fitness. Each karateka performed six simulated committee competitions with the same rest interval as official tournaments and according to the rules of the World Federation. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the first and sixth competition. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to investigate differences at p<0.05.Results: Decreases in pH (p<0.001), increases in tryptophan (p=0.034), lactate (p<0.001), and malondialdehyde (p=0.007), and changes in glucose (p=0.003) were significant in total measured time points. Moreover, by examining time×group interaction, a significant difference was observed between the groups in plasma lactate (p=0.014), so that it was significantly higher after the sixth competition in the low physical fitness group than the other group (5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p=0.002).Conclusion: Karate athletes with low physical fitness seem to provide a larger portion of ATP needed during the sixth competition than the first competition from the anaerobic glycolysis pathway and by consuming extracellular carbohydrate sources such as plasma glucose.
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Hadi Golpasandi; Mohammad Rahman Rahimi
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to explore the impact of aerobic exercise and green tea extract consumption on cardiac prognostic markers in men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Method: The study involved 32 male participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 50 ± 10.9 years, divided into four groups: 1) ...
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Introduction: This study aims to explore the impact of aerobic exercise and green tea extract consumption on cardiac prognostic markers in men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Method: The study involved 32 male participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 50 ± 10.9 years, divided into four groups: 1) green tea (GT), 2) green tea combined with aerobic training (GT+AT), 3) placebo (PL), and 4) placebo combined with aerobic training (PL+AT). Over an 8-week period, the AT protocol was performed for 60 minutes at an intensity of 55-65% of maximum heart rate (MHR) on a treadmill. Green tea extract was consumed at a dosage of 800 mg daily. Serum levels of cardiac markers, including GDF-15 and NT-proBNP, were assessed through blood sampling before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test.Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in serum levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the GT, GT+AT, and PL+AT groups (P
Physical fitness and sports performance
Elaheh Piralaiy; Maedeh Ebadi
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive exercises and massage on anaerobic performance and some physical fitness factors of women athletes. Methods: 28 women athletes with an average age of 24.8 ± 2.25 and weight of 60.02 ± 6.26 in four groups; ...
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Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive exercises and massage on anaerobic performance and some physical fitness factors of women athletes. Methods: 28 women athletes with an average age of 24.8 ± 2.25 and weight of 60.02 ± 6.26 in four groups; the experimental group (1- massage, 2- proprioception exercises, 3- massage+ proprioception exercises) and the control group were randomly divided. In the pre-test session, all the subjects, with a four-minute warm-up in the form of jogging with an intensity of 30-40% HR, performed tests of anaerobic performance and some physical fitness factors and after a 72-hour washout period, the subjects started their activity for 12 minutes, each in their specialized group and according to the established protocol, and immediately the tests of the pre-test stage were repeated. A dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the massage + proprioception group had a significant effect on the anaerobic peak power variable by 36.3%. All three groups of massage, proprioception, and massage +proprioception had a significant effect on the variables of average anaerobic power and fatigue index. In the variables of peak anaerobic power (p=0.001), average anaerobic power (p=0.011), fatigue index (p=0.016), and dynamic balance (p=0.015), there is a significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In anaerobic activities, the use of proprioception exercises along with massage as part of warming up sports activities will most likely improve the performance of athletes.
Response and adaptation to exercises
gholamreza hamidiyan; Elaheh Piralaiy; Badrkhan Rashwan Ismael; Zahra Mehri Rokh
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, the effect of aerobic training supplemented with hydro-alcoholic extract of Vaccinium Arctostaphylos fruit on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system of the heart tissue of rats was investigated.Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: ...
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Introduction: In this study, the effect of aerobic training supplemented with hydro-alcoholic extract of Vaccinium Arctostaphylos fruit on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system of the heart tissue of rats was investigated.Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1-healthy control, 2-supplementation, 3-training, and 4-supplementation and training. Rats in the supplement groups received 250 mg of fruit Vaccinium Arctostaphylos per kg of body weight in the form of oral gavage. Aerobic training protocol included running on a treadmill at a speed of 5-24 m/min for 10-60 minutes for eight weeks, five days a week, with the principle of overload. The levels of SOD, TAC, GPX, and MDA were measured in heart tissue. Results: The results showed that the level of SOD increased significantly in the training+supplement group compared to the control group (p=0.044). The level of TAC in the supplement group was higher than the training and training+supplement groups (p
AA Gaeini; N Ramezani; L Shafiei Neek
Abstract
Aim: Background: The liver xα receptor (LXRα) participates in glucose metabolism. On the other hand, glucose transfer in liver by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Therefore, this study was designed to examine the changes of LXRα, GLUT2 genes expression in liver and insulin resistance ...
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Aim: Background: The liver xα receptor (LXRα) participates in glucose metabolism. On the other hand, glucose transfer in liver by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Therefore, this study was designed to examine the changes of LXRα, GLUT2 genes expression in liver and insulin resistance after 8 weeks of aerobic training in type 2 diabetic rats. Method: Eighteen male 8-weeks-old Wistar rats were selected as research sample. Diabetes was induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Five days after diabetes induction, fasting blood glucose was measured using blood glucose strips. Rats with fasting blood glucose between 126-400 mg were selected as diabetic. Rats were divided into two groups: control and training. The training program was running with the speed of 10–25 m/min for 15-40 min/day, 5% slope, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Results: Diabetes induction resulted in significant increase in body weight (p=0.001). Training group had higher muscle weight (p=0.001) and HbA1c (p=0.001) but lower glucose (p=0. 001), insulin (p=0.002) and insulin resistance index (p=0.002). LXRα and GLUT2 gene expressions were not different significantly. Conclusion: It seems that 8 weeks aerobic training with 60-80% of vo2max can induce some positive metabolic changes in diabetic rats but did not induce any significant changes in LXRα and GLUT2 genes expression in liver tissue.
Exercise Physiology
Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Fatemeh Baradari; Jabraeel pouzesh jadidi; Amir Dadashzadeh
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the Effects of aerobic training and High Fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the myocardium of adolescent male rats. Methods: forty young male rats (30 days old) randomized in normal diet control (NDC), normal diet training (NDT), high fat diet ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the Effects of aerobic training and High Fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the myocardium of adolescent male rats. Methods: forty young male rats (30 days old) randomized in normal diet control (NDC), normal diet training (NDT), high fat diet control (HFDC) and high fat diet training (HFDT) groups. HFD rats followed high fat regimen (5.817 kcal/g) for 30 days and the normal fat diet (3.801 kcal/g) was continued following to the 60th day of birth. Aerobic training was conducted for four weeks included on three training sessions from the 70th to 98th days of life. Results: Our findings showed that in HFD groups the expression of Bax protein (from the apoptotic susceptible protein family) was increased and exercise was quite effective in preventing this increase. Instead, the high-fat diet caused a (but brief and insignificant) decrease in the expression of the BCL2 protein (from the family of anti-apoptotic proteins), although the effect of exercise and high-fat diet was not significant. Also, High fat diet increased the ratio of Bax protein expression to BCL2 protein expression (as an index of overall outcome reflecting , while training was well able to prevent this increase. Conclusion: Overall, based on the results of this study, we conclude that consumption of high fat diet may also induce cardiac apoptosis even in adolescence and in addition to good physical activity in neutralizing these adverse effects of high fat diet is helpful.
Karim Azali Alamdari; Y yavari; R Hosseinzadeh; A Rahbar Ghazi
Abstract
Aim: In this study the effects of a single training session of overweight men before and after a meal on serum acetylated ghrelin levels, daily energy intake and the exercise energy expenditure were compared.
Method: In this semi experimental study, 30 overweight men (Mean and SD age of 25.2±3.54 ...
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Aim: In this study the effects of a single training session of overweight men before and after a meal on serum acetylated ghrelin levels, daily energy intake and the exercise energy expenditure were compared.
Method: In this semi experimental study, 30 overweight men (Mean and SD age of 25.2±3.54 years, BMI 27.96±3.64 kg/m2, weight 83.2±5.8 kg) were randomized into three groups (n = 10) including before lunch training, post lunch training and control. Experimental groups performed eight weeks, three sessions/wk of aerobic training sessions, consisted of 25 to 40 min of treadmill running and/or cycling at maximal fat oxidation intensity, either an hour prior to or two hours after a meal. Exercise energy expenditure, daily caloric intake and fasting serum acylated ghrelin levels in response to a single exercise session were measured as data in both pre and post-test occasions.
Results: A single training session either pre or post lunch meal increases serum acylated ghrelin level (P≤ 0/001), exercise energy expenditure (P≤ 0/001) and daily caloric intake (P≤ 0/001); indicating a compensatory energy intake which lowers the expected exercise-induced weight loss.
However, pre meal exercise leads to more remarkable increases in exercise energy cost (P≤ 0/001) concomitant with an elevated fasting serum acylated ghrelin levels (P≤ 0/001).
Conclusion: If appetite suppression is the only goal for exercise, it seems that exercise training should be performed after meals, and if maximizing each session’s energy cost is the case, it is better to practice before meals.
Sports and health nutrition
Mohammad Rahman Rahimi; Shahin Ketabi; Naeimeh Saeedi
Abstract
Aim: Adipokines are molecules secreted from adipose tissue that are related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training along with green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on the concentration of adipokines apelin ...
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Aim: Adipokines are molecules secreted from adipose tissue that are related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training along with green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on the concentration of adipokines apelin and chemerin in obese women was investigated.Method: Thirty untrained women with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 were selected from among obese women using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design method and were divided into three groups including training and green tea extract (GT), training and placebo consumption (PT) and green tea extract consumption (G). GT and G groups took 600 mg.kg-1 of GTE daily and PT group also took 600 mg of placebo for 8 weeks. The resistance training program consisted of 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks (60-70 minutes with an intensity of 65% to 80% of a one repetition maximum). Serum level of adipokines was measured using ELISA method.Results: The results of ANOVA with repeated measures indicate a significant decrease in serum levels of apelin and chemerin in GT and PT groups compared to G. Also, a significant decrease in the level of these adipokines was observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test in all three groups. Conclusion: 8 weeks of GTE intake and resistance training decreased inflammatory adipokines in obese women, and the combinatory effect of resistance training with GTE was more effective than the other two conditions.
Exercise Physiology
Fazel Bazyar halimehjani; Ramin Shabani; َAlireza Elmiyeh
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's is a destructive brain disease that causes progressive cognitive disorders for which there is no cure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise along with the consumption of saffron extract on spatial memory and the amount of tau protein ...
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Introduction: Alzheimer's is a destructive brain disease that causes progressive cognitive disorders for which there is no cure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise along with the consumption of saffron extract on spatial memory and the amount of tau protein accumulation in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's induced male rats.Method: In this experimental study, 32 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 Alzheimer's groups including control, aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise, extract and extract. Aerobic exercises including 3 training sessions per week were performed for 8 weeks. Y maze test was used to check spatial memory and ELISA method was used to measure tau protein. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.Findings: The results showed that after 8 weeks of aerobic training with saffron supplement, there was a significant increase in spatial memory performance in the intervention groups compared to the control group (P < 0.5). Also, regarding the amount of tau protein accumulation in the aerobic exercise group, aerobic exercise and extract showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.5).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise and consumption of saffron extract improves spatial memory performance and reduces the accumulation of tau protein in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's male rats.
B Mirzaei; A barjaste; F Rahmani-nia
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise with and without BFR on blood lactate, cortisol and PGC-1α response in human skeletal muscle.
Method: On two different occasions, five healthy untrained male subjects (mean±SE; age: 33.4±1.02 years, height: 173.9±4.02 ...
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Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise with and without BFR on blood lactate, cortisol and PGC-1α response in human skeletal muscle.
Method: On two different occasions, five healthy untrained male subjects (mean±SE; age: 33.4±1.02 years, height: 173.9±4.02 cm, body mass: 79.64±4.69 kg), were required to perform (i) a BFR aerobic exercise at an exercise intensity of 40 % of VO2max; and (ii) similar exercise bouts without BFR (Ctrl). For each condition, baseline and 3 h post-exercise muscle biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) were performed for PGC-1α protein expression analysis. Venous blood samples were also collected at pre-exercise, immediately and 2 h post-exercise to measure changes in blood lactate and serum cortisol.
Results: PGC-1α protein content was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 3-h post-exercise with BFR compared with Ctrl. Blood lactate and serum cortisol did not significantly change from baseline to immediately after exercise and at 2-h post exercise.
Conclusion: Metabolic stimuli are not a mechanism to mediate cell signaling network responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the addition of blood flow restriction during aerobic exercise induces an increase in PGC-1α to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
Exercise Physiology
Aghil Mahdavi; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Karim Azali Alamdari
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on cardiac heat shock proteins level and gene expression level of microRNAs in rats exposed to arsenic.Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on cardiac heat shock proteins level and gene expression level of microRNAs in rats exposed to arsenic.Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of Control, Curcumin, Exercise and concomitant(Curcumin+Exercise). Arsenic 5 mg/kg.day and curcumin 15 mg/kg.day, were consumed orally for entire the study period. HIIT were conducted for six weeks (5 d/w, 60 min/session (consisted of 10 intervals of running (4 min) at 85-90% of Vo2max with 2 min recovery at 50-60% of Vo2max). Tissue protein content and gene expression levels was assessed by Western blotting and PCR methods respectively. Results: No between group difference was observed for gene expression levels of miR-21(P>0.05).The cardiac HSP60, HSP20 levels and the gene expression levels of miR-30 was significantly higher in all three intervention groups compared to Control group(P<0.001). Moreover, the cardiac HSP60, HSP20 content was significantly higher in concomitant group compared to both groups of Exercise and Curcumin(P<0.05). Conclusion: Arsenic exposure may likely increase the vulnerability of cardiomyocytes to injury by altering the amount of heat shock proteins content and the expression levels of microRNAs. Both HIIT and curcumin supplementation could be likely effective to reduce the hazards of arsenic within heart, However, the concomitant intervention might be had more beneficial effects. However, more research is still needed to be done due to the lack of similar evidence and no comprehensive measurement of the influential factors.
Physical activity, weight control and obesity
Elaheh Amiri mandoulakani; karim azali alamdari; roghayeh Fakhrpour
Abstract
Performing sports activities along with the consumption of herbal supplements, especially in people, have different effects on the body's antioxidant and oxidant systems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense interval training with chlorella supplementation ...
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Performing sports activities along with the consumption of herbal supplements, especially in people, have different effects on the body's antioxidant and oxidant systems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense interval training with chlorella supplementation on serum levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity in obese or overweight middle-aged women. The statistical population of the present study consisted of overweight or obese middle-aged women (BMI ≤ 25) with an age range of 40 to 65 years. A number of 40 subjects were selected by invitation and based on the study entry criteria and randomly divided into four groups: exercise and supplement (10 people), exercise and placebo (10 people), supplement (10 people) and control (10 people). became HIIT exercises consisted of periods of 60 seconds of maximum intensity running (85-95% of the reserve heart rate) followed by 60 seconds of low-intensity running (55-60% of the reserve heart rate). The subjects did 6 times in the first week, 8 times in the second week. they completed the third to fifth weeks 10 times and the sixth to eighth weeks with 12 repetitions. Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of data and correlated t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test to test hypotheses was used and the significant level was considered at the alpha level of 5%.
O Mohajer Iravani; A Abdi; A Abbassi Daloii
Abstract
Aim: : In type 2 diabetes patients, the level of incretins is reduced. Incretins play an important role in glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic training along with Momordica charantia L on serum incretin levels in man with type 2 diabetes.
Method: In this study, ...
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Aim: : In type 2 diabetes patients, the level of incretins is reduced. Incretins play an important role in glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic training along with Momordica charantia L on serum incretin levels in man with type 2 diabetes.
Method: In this study, 36 men with type 2 diabetes (age 53.08±5.15 years, wight 78.08±6.53kg and BMI 26.22±1.2218 kg/square meters) were selected and were randomly divided into four groups (Control-Water, Control-Momordica charantia, Control-Training and Momordica charantia+Training). The training groups participated in a progressive aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions a week (running with 40% to 70% of the reserved heart rate and for 15 to 45 min). The groups of Control-Momordica charantia and Momordica charantia+Training were provided 2000 mg of Momordica charantia (In 500 mg capsules) for eight weeks (Twice a day before breakfast and dinner). Two days before and after the protocol, blood samples were taken in fasting state.
Results: The results showed that the GLP-1 I and GIP Increased significantly in all experimental group compared to the control group. (Respectively p=0.000 and p=0.000), Also a significant increase in GLP-1 in Momordica charantia+Training compared to the Momordica charantia and GLP-1 in Momordica charantia+Training compared to the Momordica charantia and Training. Other results showed a significant increase in GLP-1 and GIP in all experimental groups compared to pre-tes (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training and Momordica charantia and combination of both, It improves the factors affecting glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes.
ali samieyan; payam saidie; hamid mohebbi; hossein ghafouri
Abstract
Aim: Taurine is an antioxidant supplement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation of two different dosages of taurine supplement on responses of some salivary antioxidant parameters of young men after an exhaustive aerobic activity. Methodology: ...
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Aim: Taurine is an antioxidant supplement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation of two different dosages of taurine supplement on responses of some salivary antioxidant parameters of young men after an exhaustive aerobic activity. Methodology: Eight healthy non-athlete men (mean ± SD age 21.6 ± 1.7 yrs and VO2 max 62.62 ± 62.2 ml / kg / min) were randomly divided into two categories (3 Vs. 6 Gr/d) in two 7-day periods in the complement of taurine as cross-over, randomized and double-blinded. Saliva samples were collected in three occasions: before and after the supplementation period and immediately after exhaustive aerobic exercise. The subjects started the exhausting aerobic activity on ergometer was performed at 60 RMP and 20 watts, with, 20 watts added to the intensity every minute until the subject got exhausted. Results: The results showed that the SOD, after supplementation (in doses of 6 grams more than the dose of 3 g) and after exercise increased significantly compared with the pre-supplementation in both doeses (p < 0.05). The activity level of POX and DPPH increased with supplementation and activity, but there was no significant difference between the two doses. Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the short-term consumption of taurine supplementation by increasing antioxidant capacity will reduce the negative effects of free radicals as a result of intense aerobic exercise activities.
Exercise Physiology
Moinreh Kocheki; mohsen avandi; Abdosaleh Zar; Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is one of the most serious health problems associated with inflammation. Physical activity is one of the many factors that affect obesity and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of resistance training and high intensity functional training cross-fit ...
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Aim: Obesity is one of the most serious health problems associated with inflammation. Physical activity is one of the many factors that affect obesity and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of resistance training and high intensity functional training cross-fit on serum vaspin levels in obese women. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design. Thirty six obese women of Semnan (age: 32.66 ± 3.91, weight: 86.97± 9.08 and BMI> 30) were selected as available and divided into three groups of high intensity functional resistance training (HIIF), Circular resistance training and control group (n = 12). The total training period consisted of 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week and each session was about 60 minutes. Serum levels of vaspin were avaluated befor and after the last training session. Results: Serum vaspin levels did not change significantly in the circular resistance training group (P=0.876) and Crossfit training group (P=0.837). But the body mass index was significantly decreased in the circular resistance training group (P=0.001) and the Crossfit training group (P=0.006). Conclusions: Circuit resistance training and Crossfit reduce the body mass of obese women, but they do not have a significant effect on the serum level of vaspin. It is suggested to use circular resistance exercises and HIFT with a longer duration for a better effect.
Exercise Physiology
Fatemeh Beiksay Afshar; Esmaeil Nasiri; Ali Samadi
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training on hippocampal oxidative stress markers hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats.Method: This is an experimental study in which 16 male Wistar rats were obtained, and after environmental adaptation and reaching target ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training on hippocampal oxidative stress markers hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats.Method: This is an experimental study in which 16 male Wistar rats were obtained, and after environmental adaptation and reaching target weight range randomly divided into two equal groups: control (CO) and sprint interval training (SIT). The SIT was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 4-9 repetitions of 10 seconds with 60 secs of active recovery between intervals. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session the rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was dissected and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in hippocampus homogenate. The independent samples T test was used for data analysis (P<0.05).Results: There were no significant difference between the SIT and CO groups in the hippocampal GPx, TAC and MDA levels (p < 0.05). However, the activity level of SOD in the SIT group was significantly higher than the CO group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The present research revealed that despite its strenuous nature, SIT did not induce oxidative stress in the hippocampus and trend of changes in GPx and TAC, as well as observed significant increase in SOD activity levels suggests that it may have favorable effects on hippocampus oxidative- antioxidative status.
