Exercise Physiology
Amir Dadashzadeh; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Omid Azin Fam; Jabraeel Pouzesh Jadidi
Abstract
Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy ...
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Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy control, Ischemic cotrol, Curcumin, Training, Training+Curcumin(Concomitant). Aerobic training program were conducted for eight weeks (5 d/w) starting with running at a speed of 10 m/min, 5% incline for 10 min per day. The running speed and time were gradually increased up to 15-20 m/min per day. In the last two sessions, the intensity of aerobic training reached 25 m/min for 30 min per day with 2 min recovery period at 10 m/min. curcumin (200 mg/bw.day) were consumed through oral gavage for six weeks. The gene expression levels of miR-1 and miR-133 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR method and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of p <0.05. Results: In all four intervention groups, including ischemia control, exercise, curcumin and combination, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 in renal tissue increased significantly (p=0.001 in all groups) compared to the control group. However, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 genes in renal tissue after exercise caused a significant decrease and increase (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively) compared to the healthy control and ischemic control groups. Also, curcumin and Concomitant were associated with an increase in HIF-1α and BNIP3 gene expression in renal tissue
Exercise Physiology
Ensiyeh Yazdkhasti; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Reza Farzizadeh
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, low intensity Interval resistance training with low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity. In the continuation, the subjects of the resistance training group performed their training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 3 different intensities (40% 1RM with 20 repetitions, 60% 1RM with 12 repetitions and 80% 1RM with 20 repetitions) and 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last resistance training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NRG-4 were measured by ELISA. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks Interval resistance training decreased serum levels of IL-6 in group with high intensity (P=0.01) and increased serum levels of NRG-4 in exercise groups with different intensities(P=0.001) in obese men, but it had no significant effect on TNF-α levels (P=0.05). The dcrease in IL-6 and increase in neuroglin-4 levels in the high intensity Interval resistance training group (P=0.02) was the most compared to other groups (P=0.02 and P=0.001; respectively). Conclusion: It seems that Interval resistance training with different intensities can improve inflammatory indices and neuroglin-4 in obese people, and this improvement was more prominent in high-intensity resistance training.
Hormonal and enzymatic functions in exercise
Javad Vakili; Saeed Nikookheslat; Mohammad Tanhaei; maryam akbari
Abstract
Objective: Training with blood flow restriction likely have a profound effect on growth related hormonal indices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks intermittent training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of growth hormone, IGF-1 and Lactate in amateur ...
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Objective: Training with blood flow restriction likely have a profound effect on growth related hormonal indices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks intermittent training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of growth hormone, IGF-1 and Lactate in amateur adolescent football players. Methodology: Therefor 24 amateur adolescent football players with age of 17/79±0/79 years-old, height of 175/41 ± 3/37 cm and weight of 69/12±4/49 kg were voluntarily selected and divided based on VO2max into two groups of control and experimental groups. The training protocol was performed in treadmill with intensity of 60-75% MHR, four sessions per week, in 400 meters, three sets in first week and four sets in second week. Recovery intervals was 60-80 seconds between exercise intervals. The thigh cuff pressure was set between 140 and 180 mmHg. Blood samples were gathered in two phases before of training protocol and 48h after last session of training for analyses of serum GH, IGF-1 levels and lactate immediately after the RAST anaerobic test. Independent and dependent T-test was used for data analyzing and significant level was set at p<0/05. Results: There was a significant increase in serum GH (p=0/016) and lactate (p=0/000) in BFR group. But there weren’t any difference between two group in serum IGF-1 after BFR and nonBFR training (P >0/05).Conclusion: it is concluded that intermittent trainings with BFR probably be more effective in enhancing adolescent’s growth indicators than intermittent training.
Exercise Physiology
Mehdi Mogharnasi; Faezeh Memarzadeh; Ali Seghatoleslami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, 48 overweight and obese women with an age range of 20-40 years and a body mass index (BMI) between 25-34 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and divided into 4 groups: exercise + nettle, exercise + placebo, nettle and Placebo was divided. All measurements were done one stage before the start of the course and another stage after the course was finished. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed with SPSS software, and Shapiro-Wilk, T-correlated tests and one-way analysis of variance were used at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that after 6 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (p=0.105), total cholesterol (p=0.995), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.112), and low-density lipoprotein (0.506) p = ) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.965) did not show any significant difference between the research groups. But there was a significant difference in body weight (p=0.004), body mass index (p=0.010) and ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (p=0.000) among research groups. Conclusion: 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplementation can reduce body weight, body mass index and waist to hip ratio.
Exercise Physiology
mina shakhi; Aboalhamid habibi; aliakbar alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided ...
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Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided into two groups of 12 people, training and control. The selected exercise included resistance training with weights and a special bodybuilding machine with an intensity of 67 to 80% of the maximum strength and aerobic exercise with a stationary bike and an intensity of 60 to 85% of the maximum heart rate, for 8 weeks and 3 days a week. Body composition measurements were taken 24 hours before and 24 hours after exercise. For statistical analysis in the findings section, one-way analysis of covariance test was used to examine inter-group changes. Findings: The results of this study showed that after eight weeks of resistance and aerobic training, a significant decrease in the BMI of subjects in the training group was observed compared to the control group (P<0.001). Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that after eight weeks of selected training (resistance-aerobic) the two indexes of IGFBP3 and IGF1 in the training group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.006, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, both resistance and aerobic training methods can be used to reduce weight, BMI, IGFBP3 and IGF1.
Exercise Physiology
Mohammad Salmasi; Asghar Tofighi; Siamak Asri; Javad Tolouei Azar
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) Exercise; 4) Exercise+BPA; 5) Nanoparticle supplementation (Nano); 6) Nanoparticle+BPA (Nano+BPA); 7) Zinc oxide salt (Zno); 8) Zinc oxide salt+BPA (Zno+BPA); 9) Exercise+Nano; 10) Exercise+Nano+BPA; 11) Exercise+Zno; and 12) Exercise+Zno+BPA. The exercise program was performed for eight weeks with 50-75% VO2max for 25 to 64 minutes. Nanoparticles supplemented give with 5 mg/kg 5 days a week for eight weeks.Results: The activity of the antioxidant enzymes GPX, SOD and Catalase increase significantly in the BPA group in addition to the increase in the exercise group, but TAC status decreased significantly in the exercise group alone (p = 0.001) and Zno and NanoZno groups significantly increased this index compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.001). Interestingly, in MDA and AOPP, the BPA groups showed a significant increase in these variables, supplementation caused a significant decrease in these variables, and the highest reduction was in BPA+Nano and BPA+Zno (p = 0.001).Conclusion: BPA causes reactive changes in antioxidant capacity, it destroys total antioxidant capacity. However, oxidative index studies revealed that a combination of moderate-intensity exercise and zinc oxide supplements (especially supplementation alone) may alter the kinetics of BPA contamination by inhibiting the oxidative system and subsequently improving hepatocyte status.
Exercise Physiology
Siamak Rahbar; Sajad Ahmadizad; Hiwa Rahmani
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity ...
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Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol with L-arginine supplementation or placebo, where, two trials were separated by seven days. In each session, the subjects consumed 0.075 g per kg body weight of supplement or placebo which was dissolved in 400 ml of water, and 90 minutes later, performed HIIE as 12 intervals of 3-minute on treadmill (activity: 1-min, 100% of vVO2max, recovery: 2-min, 40% of vVO2max). To measure platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), three blood samples were taken before supplementation and immediately before and after HIIE.Results: Regardless of the type of supplement, HIIE increased PLT and PCT by 29 and 31%, respectively (P < 001), but did not have a significant effect on MPV and PDW. Furthermore, consumption of L-arginine 90 min prior to HIIE, inhibited PCT (P = 0.043) but had no effect on PLT.Conclusion: Intermittent nature and recovery periods in HIIE protocol did not significantly increase MPV and PDW in both sessions, which may be a reason for the safety of the HIIE. L-arginine supplementation prior to HIIE only reduced PCT, due to its inability to affect other indices, to achieve more accurate results further studies with more effective doses of supplementation are needed.
Environmental stress in sports
mahdi faramoushi; Ramin Amirsasan; Vahid sari sarraf
Abstract
the aim of study was to investigate the effect of simulating staying at medium altitude along with consumption of thyme on the cardiomyopathy rate of type 2 diabetic rats and their simultaneous effect on liver enzymes.Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight. In ...
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the aim of study was to investigate the effect of simulating staying at medium altitude along with consumption of thyme on the cardiomyopathy rate of type 2 diabetic rats and their simultaneous effect on liver enzymes.Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight. In order to induce type 2 diabetes, streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally.Altitude group was alternately placed for eight weeks in night sleep conditions at a simulated altitude in a hypoxia chamber, and thyme group was supplemented with thyme in the form of 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract in 30 ml of drinking water. Cardiomyopathy was measured through two indices of apoptosis (western blot) and fibrosis (staining), and diabetic indices, liver enzymes using methods Calorimetry was measured by biochemistry company.Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of altitude and thyme reduce the fasting glucose level in diabetics (P<0.05). Also, the results of the multivariate analysis of variance test showed Apoptosis and fibrosis showed a significant decrease in myocardial with exposure to altitude and simultaneous consumption of thyme (p<0.025). Also, moderate altitude and consumption of thyme extract had no significant effect on the serum levels of ALT and AST transaminases.Conclusion: Simulated moderate altitude and consumption of thyme in this research decreased fasting blood sugar and on the other hand, by reducing apoptosis and fibrosis, it prevented cardiomyopathy in the heart of type 2 diabetic rats, but these two variables did not cause a significant decrease in ALT and AST enzymes.
Exercise Physiology
Roghayeh Fakhrpour; Hamid Yazdanshenas
Abstract
Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid ...
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Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid metabolism. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 on serum levels of spexin and lipid profile indices of obese men. Methods: The present experimental study and its statistical sample were 30 obese men who were randomly assigned to two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise (15 people in each group). Aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise were performed for eight consecutive weeks. Before and after the start of the protocol, height, weight, maximum oxygen consumption blood sampling from the brachial vein were performed to evaluate the amount of spexin and lipid profile.Results: The inter-group results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SPX and total cholesterol between the two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise, so that by examining the difference in means, the greatest effect was after aerobic exercise. P = 0.001 and P = 0.005). But HDL levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=215).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is likely that aerobic exercise has a better effect on the serum levels of spexin and cholesterol in obese people than 10-20-30 exercises.
Exercise Science
Aghaali Ghasemnian; ahmad azad; mohamadreza seraji vatan
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 70percent reduction in training loade during the tapering on serum levels of cortisol, testosterone and performance changes in trained swimmersMethods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 trained male swimmers were selected by available ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 70percent reduction in training loade during the tapering on serum levels of cortisol, testosterone and performance changes in trained swimmersMethods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 trained male swimmers were selected by available sampling method and participated voluntarily in the study. Then based on the record of 200m freestyle, the subjects were divided into two groups: Taper(n=10) and control(n=10). Both groups initially Participated in6 weeks in incremental exercises training. Then the taper group spent the 14-day period with a 70% reduction in training load and the control group continued training with the same load as before. In both groups, performance tests (upper and lower body strength) and blood samples (for measurement of serum testosterone, cortisol and testosterone / cortisol ratio) were taken at the beginning of the taper and after the end of this period. For determination of testosterone and cortisol levels, ELISA kits was used. Data were analyzed using, paired t-, and covariance tests. Results: The results indicated that after the tapering , there was a significant difference between the two groups in swimming performance (200m freestyle), upper and lower strength, serum cortisol levels, and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol(P< 0/05). However, there was no significant difference in testosterone levels between the two groups(P> 0/05).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that taper plan with 14-days, improved anabolic conditions and performance in trained swimmers.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Elnaz Sadeghpour Firozabadi; alireza barari
Abstract
Aim: Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are probably related to changes in sex hormones. Physical training is one of the effective factors in the changes of this axis. purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks of ResistanceTraining on free Testosterone serum levels, sex hormones binding ...
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Aim: Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are probably related to changes in sex hormones. Physical training is one of the effective factors in the changes of this axis. purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks of ResistanceTraining on free Testosterone serum levels, sex hormones binding globuline, Inhibin b and luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone in obese men students. Methods: For this purpose, 20 obese male students with aged range of 20 ± 2 years participated in this study and divided randomly into 2 groups 10 people of resistance training and control. Resistance training was performed for six weeks and three sessions per week in %60 to %70 repetition maximun. In order to analyze the biochemical variables, blood samples were taken at two stages, 48 hours before and after of training period. Inter group and between changes of information were performed by dependent and independent t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that resistance training led to a significant increase in free testosterone serum concentration and a significant increase in SHBG in obese men. But after six weeks of training, there were no significant changes in inhibin b, luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulation hormone. Conclusion: six weeks of resistance training with improved body composition, upper and lower body muscle strength and also aerobic power are associated with changes in sex hormones in obese men.
Exercise Physiology
faeghe ghasemi; Hamid Mohebbi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced NAFLD, may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine ...
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Background and Purpose: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to disruption of liver mitochondrial biogenesis. Training exercise and hypoxia, which are new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-induced NAFLD, may improve the impaired mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition, training and hypoxia on liver mitochondrial biogenesis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (age: 6 weeks old; average weight: 167.25 grams) were randomly divided into four groups of eight including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and training in normoxia (HFD-HIIT) and high-fat diet and training in hypoxia (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) in normoxia and hypoxia-hypobaric, the HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week, which included 3 to 8 bouts 4-minute activity with an intensity of 80 to 93 percent of MAV and 2-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 percent of MAV. At the end, the levels of PGC-1α and Tfam genes were measured through RT-PCR. Results: Both HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHIIT groups showed a significant increase in the expression of PGC-1α and Tfam genes and a significant decrease in liver fat content compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). While, there was no significant difference in the expression of these genes between the two training groups. Conclusions: It seems that HIIT training has been able to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and reduce liver fat content independently of hypoxia conditions.
Resistance and aerobic exercises
fatemeh bozorgi; Siroos choobineh
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise (swimming) and resistance exercise (climbing the ladder) on the levels of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the chronic course of EAE disease.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted ...
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The aim of this study is to compare the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise (swimming) and resistance exercise (climbing the ladder) on the levels of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the chronic course of EAE disease.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted by laboratory method. 40 female C57BL6 mice were selected for the experiment. To implement the testing process, the members of the sample group were divided into four control groups, EAE, swimming and resistance exercise. After induction of EAE with MOG35-33, the exercise groups performed a swimming and resistance training program for 30 minutes, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. On the 30th day after induction (chronic period of the disease), mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine injection, then dissection and tissue sampling were performed. SIRT1 and NAD+ values were measured by immunohistochemistry. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare research groups. Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare differences between groups.
Finding: The findings of the study showed that swimming and resistance exercise both significantly increased NAD+ and compared to the EAE group. Although, resistance exercise compared to swimming exercise, showed that the first was a more effective method (P ≤ 0.05). The results of Tukey's test showed that the control group presented better results compared to the EAE, swimming and resistance training groups.
Conclusion: Exercise, especially resistance exercise, may reduce disease progression in EAE by increasing NAD+ and SIRT1.
Exercise Physiology
amir khosravi; Rima Shayan Nasab; eisa naebi alamdari
Abstract
Aim: hypothyroidism in addition to menopause has a double effect on increasing inflammation in postmenopausal women, sports activity reduces inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of The Effect of a Whole Body Vibration Course on Some serum inflammatory indicators ...
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Aim: hypothyroidism in addition to menopause has a double effect on increasing inflammation in postmenopausal women, sports activity reduces inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of The Effect of a Whole Body Vibration Course on Some serum inflammatory indicators in Postmenopausal Women with Hypothyroidism. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism aged 46 to 57 were selected from Khorramabad city and divided into two groups of 10: control (C) and whole body vibration training (V). Group V performed these exercises for 12 weeks and three times a week, with a frequency of 30 to 50 Hz, with a range of 1 to 2 mm, applying 20 to 30 minutes of vibration and 5 to 15 minutes of upper and lower limb training. At the beginning and end of the study, blood serum TNF-α and CRP levels were measured using the ELISA method, body fat percentage, body mass index, and body weight. Due to the normality of data distribution, independent t and covariance statistical methods were used for analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 12 weeks of whole body vibration training in group V significantly decreased the serum levels of TNF-α (P=0.0031), CRP (P=0.026), body fat percentage (P=0.041), body mass index (P=0.044) and weight (P=0.047) compared to the control group. Conclusions: It seems that vibration training may reduce inflammation in postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism by reducing body weight and fat levels.
Response and adaptation to exercises
sadegh cheragh birjandi; somaye rostamian dolat shanlo; Ali yaghobi
Abstract
One of the common disorders in old age is sarcopenia, which leads to a five percent decrease in muscle mass every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats. In this study, 30 elderly male ...
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One of the common disorders in old age is sarcopenia, which leads to a five percent decrease in muscle mass every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance and endurance training on the expression of MURF1 and MTOR genes in aged male rats. In this study, 30 elderly male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, endurance training, and resistance training. The endurance and resistance group performed the exercises for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session and after overnight fasting, all aged male rats were killed and tissue was removed from the biceps muscle. Then, the expression level of MURF1 and mTOR genes was measured using the reference gene by Real Time PCR method. Data analysis was done by one-way variance tests and Tukey's test using SPSS software. The analysis of variance test showed that there is a significant difference in the expression of mTOR and MURF1 genes in different groups. (P>0.39) The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the control and resistance groups, and resistance training has a greater effect. It has endurance compared to training. The present study showed that resistance training has a greater effect on the activation of autophagy pathways in skeletal muscle than endurance training. Therefore, it seems that resistance training is a more effective training method in improving the expression of genes involved in the promotion of sarcopenia with aging.
