Mehrzad Moghadasi; Mohadesehsadat Nematollahzadeh mahani; Mohadesehsadat Nematollahzadeh mahani
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 59-69
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on exercise induced-lactate is still debatable. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of creatine supplementation on blood lactate levels after an exhaustive aerobic exercise.
Method: Twenty healthy young men (age: 22.4±0.8 ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: The effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on exercise induced-lactate is still debatable. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of creatine supplementation on blood lactate levels after an exhaustive aerobic exercise.
Method: Twenty healthy young men (age: 22.4±0.8 years; weight: 71.8±8.5 kg; body mass index (BMI): 23.5±2.5 kg/m2; maximum oxygen uptake: 37.7±7.2 ml.kg-1.min-1; mean±SD) were randomly assigned to either a creatine (20 g Cr for 7 days) or a placebo group (same dosage of a glucose polymer) using a double-blind research design. After a week of supplementation, the subjects underwent an exhaustive aerobic exercise. Blood samples were taken before the exercise and immediately, 10 and 20 minute after the exercise.
Results: The results showed that body weight, BMI, lean body mass and creatine levels were increased significantly after supplementation in the creatine group (P
Exercise Physiology
Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi; Nayyer Ghayyem Alaee; Sajjad Anoushiravani
Abstract
Aim: Exercise reduces weight and prevents obesity. The aim was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training on serum irisin, lipid profile and body composition of obese women.Method: Subjects were 16 obese female volunteers (age: 33.82±3.91 years, weight: 78.2±2.72 kg, ...
Read More
Aim: Exercise reduces weight and prevents obesity. The aim was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training on serum irisin, lipid profile and body composition of obese women.Method: Subjects were 16 obese female volunteers (age: 33.82±3.91 years, weight: 78.2±2.72 kg, BMI: 30.22±1.03 kg/m2) who were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n = 8) and control (n = 8). The experimental group performed eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training, three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session, and with an intensity of 65-75% of the reserve heart rate. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after exercise, and serum Irisin, lipid profile and body composition were measured. Independent t-test and ANCOVA were used to evaluate the mean difference before and after eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training. Significance level was considered P <0.05.Results: Serum irisin levels (P<0.0001) and HDL (P=0.003) significantly increased after eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training. Meanwhile, weight (P<0.001), WHR (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.0001), fat percentage (P<0.0001), fat mass (P<0.0001), LDL (P<0.001), VLDL (P<0.0001), TG (P=0.027) and cholesterol (P=0.002) significantly reduced after 8 weeks of aerobic-yoga training compared. LBM (P = 0.579) had no significant difference after eight weeks of aerobic-yoga training.Conclusion: Aerobic-yoga exercise reduces weight and improves irisin, body composition and blood lipid profile in obese women.
Hamid Rajabi; Ehsan Soleymani Far; Shirin Hasani Ranjbar; Ramin Heshmat
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 61-78
Abstract
AbstractAim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intense resistance exercise on IGF-1 system and monitoring time course of changes in its components.Method: Nineteen healthy physical education students as trained group (age 22.21±1.44 years, height 178.41±6.39 cm, weight 73.47±7.86 kg) ...
Read More
AbstractAim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intense resistance exercise on IGF-1 system and monitoring time course of changes in its components.Method: Nineteen healthy physical education students as trained group (age 22.21±1.44 years, height 178.41±6.39 cm, weight 73.47±7.86 kg) and fifteen healthy nonphysical education students as untrained group (age 23.07±1.91 years, height 174.02±5.08 cm, weight 70.47±10.13 kg) volunteered to participate in this study and each group were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Experimental groups performed one session of resistance exercise with 70-80% 1RM. Blood sampling was done 4 times, 2-hours after breakfast (Pre-test), immediately (T2), 4- (T3) and 7-hours after the exercise (T4). Blood samples were analyzed by RIA method. Two-way repeated measure (ANOVA), Friedman and Kruskal-Walis tests were used to analyze data.Results: One session of resistance exercise was associated with a significant increase in GH at T2 (P
Elaheh Talebi-Garakani; Rozita Fathi; Alireza Safarzade; Hamideh Moradi; Rihaneh Delbari
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 91-100
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 week resistance training on plasma omentin-1 levels in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Method: In this experimental study 24 male Wistar rats with mean weight of 288±22g (mean±SD) were randomly divided into 3 groups: ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 week resistance training on plasma omentin-1 levels in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Method: In this experimental study 24 male Wistar rats with mean weight of 288±22g (mean±SD) were randomly divided into 3 groups: non-diabetic control (n=8), diabetic control (n=8), and diabetic training (n=8). Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg. The resistance training consisted of climbing a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail (3 days/wk, for 4 wk). After 4-week body weight, plasma omentin-1, glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations and lipid profiles were measured.
Results: After four weeks plasma omentin-1 levels in trained diabetic rats was higher when compared with diabetic control group, but it was not statistically significant. We did not find any significant difference in plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA and lipid profile levels between all groups. Body weights alteration in diabetic resistance trained rats were significantly lower compared with the diabetic control group.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile and omentin-1 remained unchanged in diabetic rats due to 4 weeks resistance training. Short duration of training program appears to be an effective factor in the absence of significant changes in plasma omentin-1 levels.
Key words: Omentin-1, Resistance training, Diabetes
Abbasali Gaeini; Ali Hoseini; Ali Samadi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 99-106
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Despite the large amount of proteins in the plasma, the urine is virtually protein free due to the selectivity of the glomerular barrier. Various physiologic settings, including exercise, can induce a transient increase in the urinary protein excretion that is usually benign and reversible. ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: Despite the large amount of proteins in the plasma, the urine is virtually protein free due to the selectivity of the glomerular barrier. Various physiologic settings, including exercise, can induce a transient increase in the urinary protein excretion that is usually benign and reversible. Several studies have reported postexercise proteinuria in healthy adults. However, there is little information about this phenomenon in adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the comparison of exercise-induced proteinuria after a semi-soccer protocol and a soccer match in male adolescents.
Method: Twenty-two adolescent male soccer players (age 14-16) were selected for this study and randomly assigned to soccer match or semi-soccer protocol groups. Urinary samples were gathered in form of 24-hours samples before and 24 hours after completion of exercise protocol.
Results: The result showed that completion of both the semi-soccer protocol and the soccer match caused significant increase in urinary excretion of total protein, creatinine, beta2microglobulin and gama glutamyle transfrase (p>0.0001). Also, in post-test, urinary excretion of all noted indexes was slightly higher in the soccer group but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Changes in renal hemodynamics, glomerular basement membrane permeability, blood acidity, membrane charge, and hormonal and enzymatic alterations induced by exercise probably cause increase in glomerular permeability and disturbance of tubular reabsorbtion and it causes the excretion of low and high molecular weight protein in urine after exercise.
Key words: Exercise-induced proteinuria, Beta-2-microglobulin, Gama glutamyle transfrase, Creatinine
N Khosravi; Hadi Rohani; S Ghaffari
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 121-132
Abstract
Aim: The aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of exercise day-time on maximal fat oxidation (MFO), exercise intensity (FATmax) and time (MFOtime) that elicite MFO and their relation to body composition in normal and overweight women. Metod: Forteen 20-30 years old students were randomly ...
Read More
Aim: The aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of exercise day-time on maximal fat oxidation (MFO), exercise intensity (FATmax) and time (MFOtime) that elicite MFO and their relation to body composition in normal and overweight women. Metod: Forteen 20-30 years old students were randomly selected and participated in to two normal waight (20<BMI-2) and overweight (BMI>25 kg.m-2) group. The data were analyzed using statical teats of dependent and paire T- test to copmair changes between session results. Resuils: Mean value of MFO at morning was significantly higher in overweight group than that in normal group (p<0.05). Also, no significant differences were observed between groups at evening. There was no significant relationship between body fat percent and MFO at morning, nor at evening; however, there was a significant negative relationship between body fat percent and MFOtime in overweight group at evening (r=-0.92, p<0.05). Conclusion: Generally, it seems that maximal fat oxidation during exercise is higher in the people who have more body fat percentage. However, this is eveident at morning rather than evening and enhancing fat oxidation at evening may need longer time exercise with higher intensity.
M Gholizadeh; F Rahmani nia; M SiahKuhian
Abstract
Aim: Most studies have used moderate or low intensity endurance exercise to examine the effect of food intake with high and low glycemic index on metabolic responses and oxidation of substrates. However, the effect of glycemic index on high intensity intermittent exercise, which is a major characteristic ...
Read More
Aim: Most studies have used moderate or low intensity endurance exercise to examine the effect of food intake with high and low glycemic index on metabolic responses and oxidation of substrates. However, the effect of glycemic index on high intensity intermittent exercise, which is a major characteristic of many sports, has not been studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-glycemic (HGI) and low-glycemic (LGI)index isoenergetic breakfast on glucose homeostasis and substrate oxidation during high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE). Method: Eight male students with age 23.4 ± 0.9 years, weight 76/21± 4/38 kg, maximal oxygen uptake 53.7±1.0ml/kg/min, participated in two expermintal trials separated by 7 days. At each trial, 60 minutes after consumption isoenergitic breakfast (819 kcal), high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) was performed. Blood samples were evaluated for plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon, total fat and carbohydrate oxidation, evaluated by through respiratory equations. Results: The results showed that in the postprandial period, increase in plasma glucose concentrations in HGI (from 86 to 127mg/dl) (P <0.05). In HGI, glucose concentration decreases rapidly in the early period of HIIE (to 79 mg/dl), but remains almost stable in LGI (P <0.05). AUG of glucose and insulin in HGI were higher (1.08%) than LGI (1.37%), respectively. The oxidation of fat during activity in LGI (2.5 g) was higher than that of HGI (3 g) (p <0.05). Conclusion: HGI causes hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the postprandial period, and higher levels of insulin before exercise can lead to a sudden drop in blood glucose over the course of the activity, but LGI, due to lower insulinemia, helps to maintain better blood glucose and glucose homeostasis during HIIE. Keywords: Glycemic Index (GI), Glucose homeostasis, Substrate Oxidation, High Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIE)
Fatah Moradi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 137-149
Abstract
Objective: Even in young people, insulin resistance is associated with physical inactivity and obesity. It has been shown that novel insulin resistance indexes have clinical value. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of a period of resistance training on novel insulin resistance ...
Read More
Objective: Even in young people, insulin resistance is associated with physical inactivity and obesity. It has been shown that novel insulin resistance indexes have clinical value. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of a period of resistance training on novel insulin resistance indexes in sedentary young obese men. Methodology: In a semi-experimental study, twenty one sedentary young obese men were randomly placed at two groups: resistance training (n=10, 26.7±3.3 yr, 32.6±2.8 kg/m2) and control (n=11, 27.1±3.1 yr, 32.2±3.3 kg/m2). General characteristics of subjects, serum resistin concentration, and homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD), adiponectin-resistin (AR), and (insulin resistance) IRAR indexes were assessed before and after the training. Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks weight training (3 sessions per week, 10 stations, 3 sets 8-12 repetitions in each station, intensity 60-80% of one repetition maximum, rest between sets 1 min and between stations 2 min, duration of main training 65-70 min per each session). Results: Resistance training decreased serum resistin concentration (P<0.05), HOMA-AD (P<0.05), AR (P<0.05) and IRAR (P<0.05), while none of mentioned parameters in control group showed any significant changes. The compartion pre-test and post-test means of these indexes between two groups showed significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resistance training reduces levels of novel insulin resistance indexes in sedentary young obese men that can have a practical value with regard to prevention against risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases for this population group.
A Teimoori; F Rahmani-nia; B Mirzaei; R TajBakhsh
Abstract
Aim: The worldwide obesity epidemic has produced profound effects on public health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic training with orlistat on insulin resistance and lipid profile in obese men. Method: Forty-eight obese males (Age: 21.56±2.14, Wehght: 103.53±9.44, ...
Read More
Aim: The worldwide obesity epidemic has produced profound effects on public health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic training with orlistat on insulin resistance and lipid profile in obese men. Method: Forty-eight obese males (Age: 21.56±2.14, Wehght: 103.53±9.44, BMI: 33.9±3.21) participated in this study. The subjects were randomizly divided into four groups: orlistat (O, n=12), exercise (E, n=12), orlistat plus exercise (OE, n=12) and control (C, n=12). Subject in all groups adjusted based on age, height, weight, body mass index and aerobic capacity. Subjects in OE and O groups were consumed three 120 mg orlistat capsules after each meal and for eight weeks. Subjects in OE and E groupps conduct exercise protocol 3 times a week and for 8 weeks. Before and after the exercise program, insulin, glucose, lipid profile, food intake and maximum aerobic power was measured. In statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, paired t-test, one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used. All data were analyzed using spss and P value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: At baseline the results showed that insulin resistance and lipid profile no significant differences between the study groups. Insulin resistance in C group compare to o, e and OE groups was reduced significantly (P<0.01). also, lipid profile was improved significantly except HDl in experimental group. Conclusion: The results show that regular aerobic exercise without the use of chemical drugs lead to weight loss is desirable changes in insulin resistance and Improvement of lipid profile.
A Rahmani; B Mirzaei
Abstract
Aim: Resistance training with new methods of exercise such as blood flow and respiration restriction that is more performed at a lower intensity is pursued various physiological responses. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood flow and respiratory restriction ...
Read More
Aim: Resistance training with new methods of exercise such as blood flow and respiration restriction that is more performed at a lower intensity is pursued various physiological responses. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood flow and respiratory restriction on blood lactate concentration and growth hormone in the acute response to resistance exercise in collegiate wrestlers. Method: In this study, a cross-sectional was used in which 8 collegiate wrestlers with more than two years' experience (mean age 26.87±4.7 years and body mass index 25.26±2.49 kg/m2) were randomy assigned in three conditions including: control (%801RM) and resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction (%301RM). Four sets with 15 repitations squat were considered as resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. Results: all three types of exercise caused a significant increase in lactate and growth hormone immediately after the exercise (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that resistance exercise with restriction of blood flow and respiration such as routine resistance training can lead to increased metabolic and hormonal responses. This research also rather confirms the effectiveness of this type of exercise and satisfies the goals such as increased lactate and growth hormone expected from high intensity exercises.
Shadmehr Mirdar; Encieh Rahimi; Hadi Baghban
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 167-179
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The growth factor myostatin and IGF-1 play a major role in response to muscular contractions and in the regulation and stimulation of muscles metabolism. This research aim is to study the effects of ginseng on the myostatin and IGF-1.
Method: Therefore, 16 athletes were selected. The ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: The growth factor myostatin and IGF-1 play a major role in response to muscular contractions and in the regulation and stimulation of muscles metabolism. This research aim is to study the effects of ginseng on the myostatin and IGF-1.
Method: Therefore, 16 athletes were selected. The research was constructed as a two-way blinded semi- experimental, pre-post test with a control group. Participants were divided into two groups: Ginseng and placebo. Blood sampling was done before and after one month supplementation and after a simulated competition.Data analysis was done by repeated measures analysis of variance, LSD post hoc and independent T-test.
Results: Results showed that level of myostatin and IGF-1 were influenced by using ginseng and simulated competition (P
Hamid Mohebbi; Mortezah Sangdovini; Bahman Mirzaei
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1-set and 3-set resistance training on muscular strength of upper-body and lower-body in untrained men.
Method: For this reason, 18 untrained college students of Guilan University participate in this study as subject. Subjects were ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1-set and 3-set resistance training on muscular strength of upper-body and lower-body in untrained men.
Method: For this reason, 18 untrained college students of Guilan University participate in this study as subject. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the 1-set group (n=9), or the 3-set group (n=9). Subjects trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Training intensity was the same for both groups (8RM). At the beginning and the end of the study muscular strength was measured using one repetition maximum test (1RM) in two upper-body exercises (chest press and biceps curl) and two lower-body exercises (leg extension and leg curl). Data was analyzed using paired t-test for within group’s comparison, and unpaired t-test for between-groups comparison.
Results: After 8 weeks, muscular strength significantly increased in all of upper-body and lower-body exercises in both groups (P
Masoud Shakki; Fatemeh Hosseini; Saeed Ghorbani; reza rezai shirazi; H parsian
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval exercise with silymarin supplementation on antioxidant, liver damage and atherogenic indicators in male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet.Methods: This experimental study with laboratory method was performed on 35 ...
Read More
Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval exercise with silymarin supplementation on antioxidant, liver damage and atherogenic indicators in male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet.Methods: This experimental study with laboratory method was performed on 35 male Wistar rats with a body weight of 160.45±7.08g and 3-weeks-of-age were randomly divided into 5 groups consisted of ordinary diet control (ODC), fatty diet control (FDC), fatty diet with supplement (FDS), fatty diet with exercise (FDE), fatty diet with supplement and exercise (FDSE). The exercises included the running on treadmill for 8 weeks, five times/week and 30 minutes in an exercise session. Silymarin supplementation with dose of 140 mg/kg/day of body, weight was received for two weeks. Liver tissue and samples were obtained after 48 hours of the last diet and data analyzed. Results: Significant decrease in FDSE and FDE groups compared with FDC group in ALT, AST, and ALP, MDA, TC and TG variables were observed. Whereas, there were significantly increased in FDSE group compared with FDC in SOD and HDL-C variables. Also, LDL-C and AIP in FDSE group compared with FDC had shown a significant decrease (p> .05).Conclusion: The applying of aerobic interval exercise alone or with silymarin supplementation reduced the risk to NAFLD such as enzymes involved and atherogenic index in male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet; therefore, it could probably improve the disease through increase the antioxidant capacity and reduce blood lipid profiles.
Physical fitness and sports performance
Maryam Dehghanianfard@modares.ac.ir; Hamid AghaAlinejad; Mahdiye Molanouri shamsi
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of two training methods, 3/7 and cluster set (CS), on the strength, body composition, and athletic performance of female basketball players. Methods: Twenty-one basketball players (22.23±3.8y; 165.94±6.78cm; 63.30±9.50kg), who had not ...
Read More
Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of two training methods, 3/7 and cluster set (CS), on the strength, body composition, and athletic performance of female basketball players. Methods: Twenty-one basketball players (22.23±3.8y; 165.94±6.78cm; 63.30±9.50kg), who had not engaged in resistance training for the past 6 months, were randomly divided into three groups: 3/7, CS, and a control group. The experimental groups followed an eight-week resistance training program (three sessions/week). Pre- and post-training assessments included measurements of body composition, evaluation of maximum strength, and various athletic performance tests such as Repeated Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Repeated-Sprint Ability (RSA), 10-m sprint, T-test agility, countermovement jumps (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ). To determine the significant difference between the groups, a 3 × 2 mixed model ANOVA was performed. Results: The 3/7 group showed significant improvements in full body strength compared to the pre-test and control group. The CS group exhibited significant improvements in lower body strength. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements in CMJ, T-test time and 10-m sprint time compared to the pre-test and control group. In terms of SJ, the 3/7 group showed a significant improvement compared to the pre-test, CS group, and control group. However, no significant effects were observed on RAST, RSA, and body composition among the different protocols. Conclusions: The 3/7 training protocol, with its shorter training time and lower intensity, proves to be an effective method for enhancing maximum strength, speed, agility, and jumping ability in female basketball players while minimizing the risk of injury.
Alireza Paahoo; Vahid Tadibi; Naser Behpoor
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 45-58
Abstract
Aim: Obesity and overweight along with metabolic disorders associated with them is one of the very important concerns in today’s world. According to the fact that chihdren and adolencrs bodies are in asensetive stage of growth and preparation for aduhthood, we aim to review the effects of ...
Read More
Aim: Obesity and overweight along with metabolic disorders associated with them is one of the very important concerns in today’s world. According to the fact that chihdren and adolencrs bodies are in asensetive stage of growth and preparation for aduhthood, we aim to review the effects of high intensity interval training over the course of 12 weeks on testosterone, cortisol and lipids profiles levels in obese and overweight. Method: In this study 20 boys were selected based on per- post test in to control and high intensity interval training (HIIT) groups.Anthropometric measures, maximal aerobic speed (MAS), cortisol and testosterone levels, and lipid profile were measured in all subjects before and after training. Training group participated in a training program at 100 to 110% of MAS and 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Independent t-test and Paired t-test with a significance level of (P≤0/05) was used to analysis variables. Results: Following the training program, in training group, anthropometric measures including weight, BMI, percentage body fat and waist-hips ratio and cortisol resting level, TC, TG, LDL-C decreased, and HDL-C increased but no effect on testostron resting levels. In control group, anthropometric measures and TC, TG, LDL-C increased, while HDL-C decreased. Conclusion: Prescribing ideal training course to help obese boys has not been recognized yet But, the finding in this research shows that periodic intence work out has a economic potential, and the efficiency of training Protocol for overweight and obese people, especially children and adolescents.
Response and adaptation to exercises
hamed rashidi; Najmeh Rezaeian
Abstract
Aim: Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) is one of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) playing a dual role glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training (ART) on adipose tissue levels of SRA and insulin ...
Read More
Aim: Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) is one of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) playing a dual role glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training (ART) on adipose tissue levels of SRA and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in old rats. Twenty old female rat (24-28 weeks old, 379/20±13/30 gr) selected and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each). The rats in the experimental group participated in eight weeks of ART, six days a week. Aerobic training consisted of running on a treadmill at low to moderate intensity (40-60% of the maximum speed obtained in the maximum running test), 60 minutes per session. Resistance training compromised climbing a ladder at an intensity equal to 40-60% of the force obtained in the maximum load test, 15 repetitions with a one-minute rest interval, and 45 minutes per session. Eight weeks of ART resulted in significant increases in adipose tissue levels of SRA in addition to significant decreases in levels of insulin and fasting blood glucose , HOMA-IR and body weight in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, eight weeks of ART caused in significant decreases in body weight in post-test compared to pre-test. it seems that eight weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training plays a role in improving insulin resistance and body composition despite of increasing SRA levels.
Merzad Moghadasi; Fariba Hosseini; Ehsan Bahrami Abdehgah; Najmeh Abdollahpur; Siyad Ali Hosseini
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 49-58
Abstract
Aim: Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is a plasma biomarker recently associated with the obesity. Exercise training may reduce the adipose tissue, although it is not truly known whether exercise–induced change in adipose tissue, decreases A-FABP concentrations or not; therefore the ...
Read More
Aim: Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is a plasma biomarker recently associated with the obesity. Exercise training may reduce the adipose tissue, although it is not truly known whether exercise–induced change in adipose tissue, decreases A-FABP concentrations or not; therefore the aim of this study was to investigate A-FABP concentrations in middle-aged men after 8 weeks high intensity aerobic training.
Method: Twenty two sedentary obese middle-aged men (age: 46.4±2.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 32.8±2.0 kg/m2 and maximum oxygen uptake: 34.4±2.6 ml.kg-1.min-1; mean±SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the training group (n=11) or control group (n=11). The training group performed high intensity aerobic training 3 days a week for 8 weeks at an intensity corresponding to 75-80% individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min.
Results: The results showed that the BMI and body fat percentage were decreased in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). After 8 weeks of HIT, the training group resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the A-FABP and insulin resistance compared with the control group.
Conclusion: The results suggest aerobic training with the specific intensity and duration utilized in this study decreases A-FABP concentrations in obese middle-aged men.
Majid Baghdarnia; Hojatallah Nikbakht; Mohammadali Azarbayjani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 51-60
Abstract
AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of progressive interval training on serum testosterone to cortisol ratio in elite male karate athletes.
Method: Fourteen healthy, physically active males karateka with aged 20.36±3.43 yr, height: 175.71±5.96 cm, weight: 73.43±5.76 ...
Read More
AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of progressive interval training on serum testosterone to cortisol ratio in elite male karate athletes.
Method: Fourteen healthy, physically active males karateka with aged 20.36±3.43 yr, height: 175.71±5.96 cm, weight: 73.43±5.76 kg were recruited for participation in this study. All subjects trained three days a week for five weeks. The intensity and duration of exercise increased from first to fourth weeks and then return to the level of beginning in the fifth week (taper). To identify the level of testosterone and cortisol at rest and after exercise, 10 ml venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise at the beginning of first week and at the end of fourth and fifth weeks.The hormonal assays were performed by using commercially available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) kits.
Results: No Significant difference was observed between concentration of serum testosterone, cortisol and testosterone to cortisol ratio in week one compare to week four. However, with reduction of training intensity at fifth week the concentration of testosterone significantly decreased (P
Exercise Physiology
Omid Reza Salehi; Dariush Sheikholeslami-Vatani; Sayed Ali Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is associated with neurodegenerative and psychological disorders. Considering the ambiguity in the interactive effect of exercise and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to investigate the psycho-physiological effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and vitamin E (VE) ...
Read More
Introduction: Aging is associated with neurodegenerative and psychological disorders. Considering the ambiguity in the interactive effect of exercise and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to investigate the psycho-physiological effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and vitamin E (VE) in elderly trimethyltin (TMT)-treated Alzheimer's rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 50 Alzheimer's rats (age 18-22 months; weight 280-320 grams) induced by 10 mg/kg TMT were divided into five groups, including: (1) TMT, (2) sham/ vitamin E solvent, (3) VE, (4) HIIT (90-95% of the maximum speed) and (5) HIIT+VE. Ten healthy rats were included in the healthy control (HC) group to investigate the effect of TMT on research variables. HIIT was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and VE was given orally to the rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Results: In the HIIT and HIIT+VE groups, anthropometric indicators, food intake, anxiety and depression were significantly lower, and aerobic capacity, movement balance, and pain tolerance threshold were higher than the TMT group (P≥0.05). In the VE group, visceral fat weight, food intake, anxiety and depression were significantly lower than the TMT group (P≥0.05). Aerobic capacity was significantly higher in HIIT and HIIT+VE groups, and anxiety and depression were significantly lower than in the VE group (P≥0.05).Conclusion: It seems that HIIT, VE and HIIT + VE improve the weight, BMI and FW and physical and psychological performance, but the effects of HIIT on physical and psychological performance are much stronger than the effect of VE.
A Farzaneh Hesari; S A Hosseini-Kakhk; M R Hamedinia
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in different time periods and limbs on lactate and rating the perceived exertion after strenuous exercise in judoists.
Method: In a randomized, crossover study, 13 male judo athletes were volunterd (more than ...
Read More
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in different time periods and limbs on lactate and rating the perceived exertion after strenuous exercise in judoists.
Method: In a randomized, crossover study, 13 male judo athletes were volunterd (more than 4 years of judo practice) took part in this study and performed two spacial judo fitness test (SJFT) with 90 second between trials in seven conditions: IPC in hands 5 and 20 min before exercise, IPC in legs 5 and 20 min before exercise, IPC in hands and legs 5 and 20 min before exercise and a sham intervention. IPC treatment consisted of 3, 5 min bouts of ischemia, followed each by 5 min of reperfusion. Rating the perceived exertion immediately after each test and lactate response were measureal after 5, 10 and 15 min of exercise. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test used.
Results: IPC in hands and legs 20 min before exercise decreased lactate accumulation in 10 and 15 min after exercise and rate of perceives exertion than sham condition.
Conclusion: If remote ischemic preconditioning applied in more muscular mass and 20 min before exercise, it improves lactate metabolism and rating of perceived exertion in judo athletes.
A Mostafalou; SAR Hosseini Kakhak; AH Haghighi
Abstract
Aim: Soccer due to its own functional characteristics rely more on some physiological factors than other sports. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of resistance training with emphasis on eccentric phase with and without blood flow restriction and traditional resistance training on blood ...
Read More
Aim: Soccer due to its own functional characteristics rely more on some physiological factors than other sports. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of resistance training with emphasis on eccentric phase with and without blood flow restriction and traditional resistance training on blood cortisol, endurance performance and anaerobic power in male soccer players. Method: Forty soccer players were selected and randomly divided into four groups include traditional strength training (n=10), eccentric resistance training with blood flow restriction (n=10), eccentric resistance training without blood flow restriction (n=10) and control (n=10). Blood sampling and tests were taken before and after the eight-week training period. A one-way repeated-measures and Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to compare the groups (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that the minimum, maximum, mean power and endurance performance in all three experimental groups had a significant increase after exercise (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between the two groups experimental of resistance training eccentric with and without blood flow restriction at minimum power (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between resistance training eccentric with blood flow restriction and the traditional resistance training group at maximum and mean power. However, this effect was not significant for fatigue index (p=0.13) and cortisol hormone (p=0.33). Conclusion: Although the results related to the percentage of changes indicated an improvement in the anaerobic power and endurance function in the traditional exercise group compared to the other two training groups, traditional exercises could still be used.
A Abasspour Mojdehi; R Shabani; MR Fadaei chafy
Abstract
Aim: High intensitystrength and endurance training can increase exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of high intensity strength and endurance training on body fat index, glucose homeostasis and serum leptin of 15 to 20 year old Taekwondo players boy. Method: Of the eligible ...
Read More
Aim: High intensitystrength and endurance training can increase exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of high intensity strength and endurance training on body fat index, glucose homeostasis and serum leptin of 15 to 20 year old Taekwondo players boy. Method: Of the eligible volunteers in the study, 20 taekwondo players aged 15 to 20 were selected as the research sample. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: moderate-intensity resistance-endurance training (the first group, the mean age was 17.77 ± 2.26 years) and high intensity (second group, 16.90 ± 1.72 years). The first group, , had moderate intensity and endurance training for 95 minutes, and the second group performed high intensity training for 80 minutes. Along with the conventional taekwondo exercises Before and after 8 weeks training, body fat index, glucose hemeostasis and serum leptin were assessed. For data analysis, dependent t-test and independent t- test were used. p < strong>Results: Compared with the pre-test, in the second group a significant decrease was observed in the body fat percentage, insulin and insulin resistance levels. Leptin and FBS significantly decreased after exercise in both groups. The Comparison between groups showed only significant difference in body fat percentage (P=0.03).. Conclusion: High intensity strength and endurance training in athletes can potentially lead to significant reduction in subcutaneous fat. Decreased serum leptin and glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity can improve the taekwondo lpayers performance
Bahman Mirzaei; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Mortezah Nastaran
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 71-80
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Various studies have demonstrated that different rest intervals has a significant effect on hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses. This factor can lead to different muscle damage responses and manipulate training goals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: Various studies have demonstrated that different rest intervals has a significant effect on hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses. This factor can lead to different muscle damage responses and manipulate training goals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 1 and 3 minute rest intervals between sets and exercises on muscle damage and sustainability of repetition in consecutive exercises.
Method: 12 untrained subjects (aged 23.17±2.06 years, height 175±3.55 cm, weight 67.33±8.26 kg, fat 16.67±1.82 percent) volunteered to participate in this study in two resistance exercise sessions with a 2-week recovery between sessions. Exercises order in each session consisted of front leg extension, biceps curl, leg curl, triceps extension, leg press and bench press with 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM) until fatigue. Subjects randomized for 1 and 3 min rest intervals in each session. The levels of CK and AST were analyzed before, 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercises. Also muscle soreness was evaluated by the Shailaja scale (PAS) at before, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercises. Variance analysis with repeated measurment, pair sample t-test and Bonferroni post-hoc were used for statistical analysis of data.
Results: CK and AST concentration increased significantly after 24 and 48 hours and muscle soreness also elevated immediately, 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercises (P≤0.05), but no significant difference in muscle soreness and enzymes concentration was found between groups at different time points. The results demonstrated that 3 min rest intervals lead to increased repetitions (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Differences of load volume and sustainability of repetitions at different time points of rest intervals are independent of muscle damage responses and muscle soreness. Also, 3 min rest intervals led to repetition sustainability and appropriate recovery.
Key words: Biochemical markers, Recovery time, Exercise volume
Exercise Physiology
Seyede fateme motavalli; alireza barari; ahmad abdi; hosein abed natanzi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on VEGF and caspase 3 gene expression in mice with melanoma.Methodology: In this study, 20 adult male rats with age of 8 week were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on VEGF and caspase 3 gene expression in mice with melanoma.Methodology: In this study, 20 adult male rats with age of 8 week were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. The training program consisted of 30 minutes of running on a treadmill without a slope at a speed of 16 m/min for the first week, and one meter per minute was added every week until it reached 22 meters per minute in the eighth week. One week after melanoma induction, the experimental group consumed 30 mg /kg /day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. RT PCR in blood was used to measure the expression of VEGF and caspase 3 genes.Results: Data analysis showed that VEGF gene expression was decreased in experimental groups compared to the control group; But did not reach a significant level (p = 0.154). The results also showed that caspase 3 gene expression was significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Post hoc test also showed that caspase 3 gene expression was significantly different between the combination group and other groups.Conclusion: The results showed that consumption of nettle extract may have anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, induction of apoptosis inhibition of cell growth and cell migration.
Rozita Fathi; Parvaneh NazarAli; BiBiSara Imeri
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 105-113
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Nesfatin-1 is a novel adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and interfere in regulation of blood Glucose, improvement of insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, energy homeostasis and metabolic function. Given the importance of resistance exercise in prevention and treatment of overweight ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: Nesfatin-1 is a novel adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and interfere in regulation of blood Glucose, improvement of insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, energy homeostasis and metabolic function. Given the importance of resistance exercise in prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in overweight women.
Method: Thirty-eight overweight women (age 34.84±5.70 y, BMI 28.82±3.65 kg/ m2, body fat percent 36.34±3.39 % and WHR 0.85±0.04 (means ± SD)) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Resistance exercise training (50 min/day, 60-70% 1-RM, 4 days/week). Fasting blood samples were collected to assess changes in plasma Nesfatin, insulin and glucose levels in before and after 2 months of the training program. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for further analysis (P
