Bahman Mirzaei; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Mortezah Nastaran
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 71-80
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Various studies have demonstrated that different rest intervals has a significant effect on hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses. This factor can lead to different muscle damage responses and manipulate training goals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: Various studies have demonstrated that different rest intervals has a significant effect on hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses. This factor can lead to different muscle damage responses and manipulate training goals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 1 and 3 minute rest intervals between sets and exercises on muscle damage and sustainability of repetition in consecutive exercises.
Method: 12 untrained subjects (aged 23.17±2.06 years, height 175±3.55 cm, weight 67.33±8.26 kg, fat 16.67±1.82 percent) volunteered to participate in this study in two resistance exercise sessions with a 2-week recovery between sessions. Exercises order in each session consisted of front leg extension, biceps curl, leg curl, triceps extension, leg press and bench press with 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM) until fatigue. Subjects randomized for 1 and 3 min rest intervals in each session. The levels of CK and AST were analyzed before, 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercises. Also muscle soreness was evaluated by the Shailaja scale (PAS) at before, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercises. Variance analysis with repeated measurment, pair sample t-test and Bonferroni post-hoc were used for statistical analysis of data.
Results: CK and AST concentration increased significantly after 24 and 48 hours and muscle soreness also elevated immediately, 24 and 48 hours after resistance exercises (P≤0.05), but no significant difference in muscle soreness and enzymes concentration was found between groups at different time points. The results demonstrated that 3 min rest intervals lead to increased repetitions (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Differences of load volume and sustainability of repetitions at different time points of rest intervals are independent of muscle damage responses and muscle soreness. Also, 3 min rest intervals led to repetition sustainability and appropriate recovery.
Key words: Biochemical markers, Recovery time, Exercise volume
Exercise Physiology
Seyede fateme motavalli; alireza barari; ahmad abdi; hosein abed natanzi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on VEGF and caspase 3 gene expression in mice with melanoma.Methodology: In this study, 20 adult male rats with age of 8 week were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on VEGF and caspase 3 gene expression in mice with melanoma.Methodology: In this study, 20 adult male rats with age of 8 week were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. The training program consisted of 30 minutes of running on a treadmill without a slope at a speed of 16 m/min for the first week, and one meter per minute was added every week until it reached 22 meters per minute in the eighth week. One week after melanoma induction, the experimental group consumed 30 mg /kg /day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. RT PCR in blood was used to measure the expression of VEGF and caspase 3 genes.Results: Data analysis showed that VEGF gene expression was decreased in experimental groups compared to the control group; But did not reach a significant level (p = 0.154). The results also showed that caspase 3 gene expression was significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Post hoc test also showed that caspase 3 gene expression was significantly different between the combination group and other groups.Conclusion: The results showed that consumption of nettle extract may have anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, induction of apoptosis inhibition of cell growth and cell migration.
Rozita Fathi; Parvaneh NazarAli; BiBiSara Imeri
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 105-113
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Nesfatin-1 is a novel adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and interfere in regulation of blood Glucose, improvement of insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, energy homeostasis and metabolic function. Given the importance of resistance exercise in prevention and treatment of overweight ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: Nesfatin-1 is a novel adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and interfere in regulation of blood Glucose, improvement of insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, energy homeostasis and metabolic function. Given the importance of resistance exercise in prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in overweight women.
Method: Thirty-eight overweight women (age 34.84±5.70 y, BMI 28.82±3.65 kg/ m2, body fat percent 36.34±3.39 % and WHR 0.85±0.04 (means ± SD)) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Resistance exercise training (50 min/day, 60-70% 1-RM, 4 days/week). Fasting blood samples were collected to assess changes in plasma Nesfatin, insulin and glucose levels in before and after 2 months of the training program. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for further analysis (P
Mohammadreza Hamedinia; Amirhosin Haghighi; Mohammadali Sardar; Javad Pourjahad
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 125-133
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training in water on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents.
Method: For this purpose 60 obese subjects (children 10-12 years and adolescents 14-16 years) were randomly assigned into one ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training in water on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents.
Method: For this purpose 60 obese subjects (children 10-12 years and adolescents 14-16 years) were randomly assigned into one of four groups: exercise training in water for both children and adolescents, and control groups (children and adolescents). Experimental groups underwent exercise training for 8 weeks; 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, with an intensity of 60-85% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples, anthropometric and body composition measures were taken before and after training program.
Results: Data analysis using ANOVA showed that exercise training in water caused a significant decrease in body fat percent, and increase in VO2max in the children and adolescents. Exercise training in water had no effect on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance.
Conclusion: In summary, since 8 weeks exercise training in water did not cause weight loss, it probably had no effect on adiponectin and insulin resistance.
Key words: Exercise training in water, Adiponectin, Obesity, Adolescents, children, Insulin resistance
Sharam Gholamrezaeii; Bahman Mirzaei; Hamid Arazi; Farhad Rahmani-nia
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 133-149
Abstract
Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of garlic supplementation on some inflammatory indices following exhaustive aerobic exercise in sedentary female. Method: Nineteen volunteer sedentary young females (age 23.15±2.65 years, BMI 22.93±1.25 kg.m2,VO2max 30.36±4.5 ...
Read More
Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of garlic supplementation on some inflammatory indices following exhaustive aerobic exercise in sedentary female. Method: Nineteen volunteer sedentary young females (age 23.15±2.65 years, BMI 22.93±1.25 kg.m2,VO2max 30.36±4.5 persent and bruce time 7.82±1.03) were assigned to a randomized and double-blind into two equal garlic (n=10) and placebo (n=9) groups. After 14 consecutive days supplementation (500 mg garlic or lactose every 12 hours a day), all subjects were participated in incremental aerobic exercise protocol (Bruce test). Changes in inflammatory and enzymatic markers were determined in four phases (before supplementation phase, before exercise, immediately and 24 hours after the aerobic exercise). Data were analyzed by repeated measure and independent T test at P≤0.05. Results: The results showed that one session of exhaustive aerobic exercise significantly increased some of the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, in both groups (P≤0.05). Also, garlic supplement can decrease Hs-crp, Lymphocyte, Neutrophil, AST and ALT levels immediately after exercise protocol (P≤0.05). But other markers (total WBC, IL-6, LDH, CPK) were not changed significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the garlic supplementation leads to decrease some of inflammatory and enzymatic indices of oxidative stress. Therefore, based on the present results, garlic supplementation can reduce the oxidative stress markers ranges following the exhaustive aerobic exercise.
َAkram Arzani; Sadmehr Mirdar; Mehdi Hedayati
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 151-158
Abstract
Objective: The aquaporin5 (AQP5) is an integral membrane protein that plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis in the lung. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interval training on AQP5 levels in the lung of Male Wistar rats during puberty. Methodology: 30 three-week ...
Read More
Objective: The aquaporin5 (AQP5) is an integral membrane protein that plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis in the lung. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interval training on AQP5 levels in the lung of Male Wistar rats during puberty. Methodology: 30 three-week male Wistar rats with average weight of 68±9 g were randomly divided into three groups included; the base, control and training groups. The training group ran on treadmill for 6 weeks (6 per week, 30 minutes each session at a speed of 15 to70 meters per minute). AQP5 levels were measured by ELISA methods. Analyzed is done with two-way ANOVA and LSD test at PResults: Results showed significant differences between AQP5 levels of control, base and training groups (P<0.05). While, there were no significant differencesbetween AQP5 levels of control and base groups . Furthermore, six-weeks interval training increased AQP5 levels of lung tissue in exercise group compared to the control group by 229.03 and 284.9 percent. Conclusion: It seems that an Increased interval training can improve the of epithelial cell performance and protect the AQP5 level changes during the puberty, and improve lung liquid homeostasis.
B Esmaeili; A Abdi; J Mehrabani
Abstract
Aim: Lipocalin-2 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) are two inflammatory markers affecting on insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training with cinnamon extract on blood levels of Lipocalin-2 and IL-1ß in insulin-resistant rats. Method: : In this ...
Read More
Aim: Lipocalin-2 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) are two inflammatory markers affecting on insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training with cinnamon extract on blood levels of Lipocalin-2 and IL-1ß in insulin-resistant rats. Method: : In this experimental study thirty-six Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=9), aerobic training (n=9), cinnamon (n=9), and aerobic training+cinnamon (n=9). Insulin-resistance status induced by %10 fructose solutions during 5 weeks. Training groups subjected to a 5-day per week aerobic training program (with 75-80% VO2max) for 8 weeks. Supplementayion groups subjected to injected 200 ml/kg/day cinnamon extract. Results: Exercise training significantly reduced Lipocalin-2 compared to the control group, and compared to extract group (P<0.05). Also, in all three experimental groups, IL-1 beta decreased significantly compared to control (P<0.05), and significant decrease was observed in the extract group compared to the training group and extract (PConclusion: Results of this study indicated that aerobic training with cinnamon extract more than any of them alone effects on reduction IL-1ß. But the effect of the combination of aerobic training and cinnamon extract on lipocalin-2 requires further investigation.
J Mehrabani; O Khoshkhoui
Abstract
Aim: Systemic inflammation is one of the important consequences of the intensive physical exercises that can lead to decline in performance, same as leading to disorder of cell metabolism and inflammation acute phase responses. probably immune booster supplements can be effective in improving these functions. ...
Read More
Aim: Systemic inflammation is one of the important consequences of the intensive physical exercises that can lead to decline in performance, same as leading to disorder of cell metabolism and inflammation acute phase responses. probably immune booster supplements can be effective in improving these functions. The present study assessing the effects of a treadmill exhaustive exercise after taking Glutamine on level of glucose, insulin, hs-CRP WBC, lactate and fibrinogen among 19 young athletic men
Method: The participants were selected randomly and divided into two groups of Glutamine (n=9, age: 21.1±0.8yr; weight: 68.9±6.2kg) and placebo (n= 10, age: 20.9±0.6yr; weight: 66.9±6.8kg). Glutamine group received 16gr. Glutamine mixed in 50gr. sucrose (sugar), 1.5gr. lemon juice and 300ml water. The placebo group, on the other hand, received 300ml solution of 5% sucrose (i.e. 300ml and 5% sucrose (sugar) and 0.15% lemon juice. After 15min of rest, the participants took glutamine and placebo using double blind method and engaged in an exhaustive Bruce protocol after 1hr of rest.
Results: The results showed that blood hs-CRP level in the Glutamine group was not changed significantly comparing with that of placebo group immediately after exercise. Although, blood level of glucose, insulin and fibrinogen showed significant changes immediately after exercise between the Glutamine and placebo, and an increase immediately after exercise compared to pre-exercise (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Apparently, exercise and taking Glutamine influences on hs-CRP level; although, did not stop increase in glucose, insulin and fibrinogen after exhaustive exercise. It seems taking supplementary Glutamine, probably, can decrease blood level of CRP as a major acute phase response after an intense exercise.
SeyadMohammad Marandi; Shirin Davar Panah; Vahid Zolaktaf
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 155-166
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the proper height of hurdles for ten consecutive double-legged jumps in plyometric training
Method: The sample included 45 female (height: 165 ±5 cm and weight: 56.0 ±6.4 kg) and 35 male (height: 177 ± 6 cm and weight: 68.8 ±7.3 kg) volunteers. ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the proper height of hurdles for ten consecutive double-legged jumps in plyometric training
Method: The sample included 45 female (height: 165 ±5 cm and weight: 56.0 ±6.4 kg) and 35 male (height: 177 ± 6 cm and weight: 68.8 ±7.3 kg) volunteers. Two different tests of height jumps over hurdles, namely "1 repetition maximum jump (1RMJ)" and "10 repetition maximum jumps (10RMJ)" were administrated in two separate sessions 48 hours apart from each other. The rate of drop in height of 10RMJ (compared to 1RMJ) was divided into three groups of "15 cm and lower", "20-25 cm", and "30 cm and higher".
Results: Discriminant analysis showed that for 59% of cases, 1RMJ height could estimate 10RMJ height correctly. Furthermore, by the means of multiple regression analysis, an equation was produced to estimate proper height of 10RMJ from 1RMJ height. Accordingly, there was a variation of 10 to 35 cm in the drop rate of 10RMJ in different individuals. There was no relation between anthropometric measures and jump height. The best predictor of 10RMJ was 1RMJ.
Conclusion: It is likely that the technique of jump, which determines the energy cost of every jump, would have a vital impact here. It is suggested to determine the height of hurdles for different number of consecutive jumps apart from 10 repetitions by the use of the same study design.
Key words: Jump, Jump height, Plyometric training
M Gholami; E Eftekhari; A Zafari; O Solatzadeh
Abstract
Aim: despite role of aerobic exercise training in controlling type 2 diabetes, effectiveness of different aerobic training intensity’s and their mechanism is unknown. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks' low and moderate intensity aerobic training on ...
Read More
Aim: despite role of aerobic exercise training in controlling type 2 diabetes, effectiveness of different aerobic training intensity’s and their mechanism is unknown. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks' low and moderate intensity aerobic training on levels of HbA1C, some hematological parameters and percent body fat in men with type 2 diabetes. Method: subjects in present study was consist of 33 obese and overweight men with type 2 diabetes with average age of 43.2 ± 8.03 and BMI 28.63 ± 2.71 that randomly assigned in three groups (11 in each group) including control, low intensity aerobic exercise training and moderate intensity aerobic training. Low intensity aerobic training program were performed with 50 percent of maximum heart rate (MHR) and moderate intensity aerobic training with 70 percent of MHR. Training program continued for eight weeks and three sessions in week for 45-60 minutes in each session. Results: results indicated that HbA1C, glucose and percent body fat significantly (p<0.05) decreased in both training groups. However, lipid profile significantly was improve only in moderate intensity aerobic training group. Moreover, HbA1C decrease and VO2peak increase in moderate intensity group was significantly diffrent to low intensity group. Conclusion: It seems that low intensity aerobic training in comparison to moderate intensity aerobic training are associated with lower adaptations and improvement in type 2 diabetes patient. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, hematologic parameters, endurance training, body fat percent, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)
Ramin Amirsasan; Masoomeh Seyed Mosavi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this research was to studying the eating disorders in athletic and non-athletic girls with different body compositions.
Method: In this research, eating disorders of 570 female athletes (including 277 athletes and 293 non-athletes) were examined with EAT-26 questionnaire. For statistical ...
Read More
Aim: The aim of this research was to studying the eating disorders in athletic and non-athletic girls with different body compositions.
Method: In this research, eating disorders of 570 female athletes (including 277 athletes and 293 non-athletes) were examined with EAT-26 questionnaire. For statistical analysis the U man-Whitney, kruskal-wallis and one way ANOVA tests were used, also Cronbach’s alpha was used for determining interclass consistent reliability of questionnaires.
Key words: Eating disorder, Female athlete's, Body composition.
Results: results revealed that athletic female with different body composition haven’t different eating disorder, whereas there are significant differences in eating disorder of overweight non-athletic girls (P
Maryam Mostafavian; Ahmad Abdi; Javad Mehrabani; Alireza Barari
Abstract
Aim: Converting white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) is therapeutic potential to combat obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and capsaicin (Cap) on FNDC5 gene expression and irisin protein level of visceral adipose tissue in rat fed ...
Read More
Aim: Converting white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) is therapeutic potential to combat obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and capsaicin (Cap) on FNDC5 gene expression and irisin protein level of visceral adipose tissue in rat fed a high-fat diet (HFD).Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n = 8) or HFD (n = 32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups: ND, HFD, high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program (at 15-25 m/min, 30-60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. Results: The results of this study showed that FNDC5 expression (p=0.001) and irisin (p=0.000) was decreased in HFD group compared to ND group. Also, the expression of FNDC5 and irisin in HFDT (Respectively p=0.006, p=0.020), HFDCap (Respectively p=0.005, p=0.021) and HFDTCap (Respectively p=0.000, p=0.000) groups was significantly increased compared to HFD. The expression of FNDC5 and irisin in HFDTCap was also significantly increased compared to HFDT (Respectively p=0.037, p=0.035) and HFDCap (Respectively p=0.044, p=0.033) groups.Conclusions: Aerobic training combination with capsaicin with increased FNDC5 and irisin in visceral adipose tissue, had Interactive effects on factors affecting browning of adipose tissue.
A Fazeli Sani; hasan Matinhomaee; A Banaeifar
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and mitochondrial dynamics in the hippocampal tissue of male Wistar rats with Alzheimer's disease.Methods: For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats at 20 months of age were randomly divided ...
Read More
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and mitochondrial dynamics in the hippocampal tissue of male Wistar rats with Alzheimer's disease.Methods: For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats at 20 months of age were randomly divided into 3 groups: Alzheimer's disease (n = 7), Alzheimer's disease + aerobic exercise (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). Alzheimer's disease was induced by intrahippocampal injection of Aβ42 (1 microliter per side). Seven days after surgery, the exercise group performed 4 weeks of treadmill training (5 days per week at a speed of 10 to 15 m/min). Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the animals underwent behavioral tests. Twenty-four hours after the behavioral test, all rats were killed and hippocampal tissue was extracted. The mRNA expression of OPA1, Mfn2 and Drp1 genes was assayed using Real Time-PCR. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Ethical Considerations: All stages of the study were conducted according to the ethical guidelines and authorization of Research Deputy of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch No. IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1399.124.Results: The results showed that spatial learning (P ≤ 0.001) and memory performance (P ≤ 0.001) as well as the gene expression of OPA1 (P ≤ 0.001) and Mfn2 (P ≤ 0.001) in animals with Alzheimer's disease decreased compared to the control group, while the gene expression of Drp1 increased (P ≤ 0.001). Aerobic exercise in patient animals improved spatial learning (P ≤ 0.001) and memory performance (P ≤ 0.001), increased hippocampal OPA1 (P ≤ 0.001) and Mfn2 (P ≤ 0.001) genes expression, and decreased Drp1 gene expression compared with Alzheimer's disease group (P ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: In general, it seems that aerobic exercise can improve spatial learning and memory performance in Alzheimer's disease by modulating abnormal mitochondrial dynamics.
Exercise Physiology
amir khosravi; Vahid Valipour Dehnou; Rima Shayan Nasab; sakine Jafarian
Abstract
Aim: One of the complications of menopause that plays an important role in reducing the quality of life is the reduction of body fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of whole body vibration course on myostatin and follistatin Serum in Postmenopausal Women. Methods: ...
Read More
Aim: One of the complications of menopause that plays an important role in reducing the quality of life is the reduction of body fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of whole body vibration course on myostatin and follistatin Serum in Postmenopausal Women. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism were selected and divided into two groups of 10: control (C) and whole body vibration training (V). Group V performed these exercises for 12 weeks and three times a week, with a frequency of 30 to 50 Hz, applying on upper and lower limb training. At the beginning and end of the study, blood serum myostatin and follistatin levels were measured using the ELISA method, , body fat percentage, body mass index, and body weight. Due to the normality of data distribution, independent t and covariance statistical methods were used for analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 12 weeks of whole body vibration training in group V significantly increased the serum levels of follistatin (P=0.001), and decreased myostatine (P=0.018) compared to the control group. There was also a significant decrease in body fat percentage (P=0.041), body mass index (P=0.044) and weight (P=0.047).Conclusions: It seems that whole body vibration training increases serum levels of follistatin and decreases myostatin in postmenopausal women, and these positive changes may play an important role in improving lean mass of postmenopausal women.
Response and adaptation to exercises
javid nuri; saeid nikokheslat; mostafa khani; javad vakili
Abstract
Backgrounds: The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training, resistance and combined training on hormonal factors and microRNAs related to obesity and sports adaptations in obese adolescent boys. Methods: 36 healthy, sedentary boys (age range: ...
Read More
Backgrounds: The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training, resistance and combined training on hormonal factors and microRNAs related to obesity and sports adaptations in obese adolescent boys. Methods: 36 healthy, sedentary boys (age range: 13-15 years; BMI: 28-31 Kg/m2; Fat Percent: 32-36%) were divided into four groups of intense, resistance and combined intermittent exercise and control (no activity) based on aerobic capacity and fat percentage. Each HIIT session consisted of 6-8 repetitions of 30-60 second sprints at 80-85% (three minutes rest between repetitions). Resistance training included movements of the main muscles of the upper body, trunk and lower body. Combined training consisted of a combination of resistance training and HIIT. The expression of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 in obese and overweight adolescent boys was measured before and after the exercise training protocols. Results: The results of the present study showed that after completing all three training protocols, the expression levels of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 decreased significantly compared to the pre-test stage. Also, only in the combined group, a significant difference was observed between the expression changes of miRNA-133a and miRNA-1 with the resistance training group, but the expression levels of miRNA-133a, miRNA-1 and miRNA-143 did not differ between the combined group and the HIIT group.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that using a combination of HIIT and resistance training is a suitable method to increase sports adaptations at the cellular level.
Hamid Mohebbi; Tamineh Saeidi Ziabari; Mohammadhasan Hedayati Emami
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Apelin is an adipokine that is closely related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effect of an aerobic exercise training program was investigated on plasma apelin levels in overweight healthy women.
Method: Eighteen healthy women were selected as subjects ...
Read More
Abstract
Aim: Apelin is an adipokine that is closely related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effect of an aerobic exercise training program was investigated on plasma apelin levels in overweight healthy women.
Method: Eighteen healthy women were selected as subjects and were randomly divided into two exercise (n=9 aged 45±6.22 yrs, BMI 26.17±2.61 kg/m2) and control (n=9 aged 42.88±3.14 yrs, BMI 27.14±2.58 kg/m2) groups. Subjects in the exercise group performed 8 weeks running and walking exercise training 3 days a week at intensity corresponding to 60-70% HRmax. Before and after exercise training, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and plasma levels of apelin, insulin and glucose and HOMA-IR after a 12-hr fasting was measured.
Results: No significant changes were observed in apelin, insulin, glucose and plasma levels and also HOMA-IR in two groups comparing to pre-test and between groups.
Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity exercise training or decrease of fat mass cannot have significant effects on the amount of blood apelin and insulin resistance in overweight healthy women, though apelin levels may change with changes in insulin levels or insulin resistance index.
Key words: Adipokines, Weight loss, Plasma apelin, Aerobic training
Mohammad Faramarzi; Mohammadhosin Alizadeh; Ali Khazeni; Saeed Rostami
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 23-50
Abstract
AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two ergogenic drinks on metabolic indices changes in soccer players.Method: Forty eight soccer players (24 women and 24 men) with mean age of 18.7 ± 4.7 years were selected as two groups, long-term and short-term intermittent exercise. ...
Read More
AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two ergogenic drinks on metabolic indices changes in soccer players.Method: Forty eight soccer players (24 women and 24 men) with mean age of 18.7 ± 4.7 years were selected as two groups, long-term and short-term intermittent exercise. Then, each group randomly was divided into three; Zamzam (SD), Isostar (ID) and placebo (P) groups. Long-term intermittent exercise includes six stages of exercise in two half time. Fifteen minutes after breakfast, players have drunk 6 ml/kg of beverage and 1 ml/kg at the end of stages 1, 2, 4, and 5. In addition, they drank 4 ml/kg at the end of third stage (1st half time). Before and immediately after long-term intermittent exercise, blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels were measured. Blood lactate was measured at rest, 3 minutes after the first and second half time. Short-term intermittent exercise, includes three complete stages of RAST test with 10 minutes rest. Fifteen minutes after breakfast and at the end of each stage 2 ml/kg beverage were drunk. Glucose and blood lactate levels were measured at rest and immediately after each stage of RAST test. Results: Results showed that a significant increase in insulin and blood glucose levels after long-term activity in SD and ID groups. In addition, there was a significant increase in blood glucose levels at 3 minutes after every stage of the RAST test in SD and ID groups. However, in any variables, no significant difference was observed between ID and SD groups.Conclusion: It seems that the use of Zamzam and Isostar relatively the same rate increase level of blood glucose and insulin after long-term high- intensity intermittent exercise. Therefore, we can recommend to athletes to consume synergy beverage of Zamzam which is produce in own country.Key words: Ergogenic beverage, Zamzam, Isostar, Ekblom test, Rast test
Response and adaptation to exercises
Amin roshandel hesari
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (HCY) and lipid profile of active middle-aged men.For this purpose, 30 active middle-aged men, were ...
Read More
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (HCY) and lipid profile of active middle-aged men.For this purpose, 30 active middle-aged men, were randomly divided into two groups: HIIT training and control group. HIIT Training subjects do HIT training 3 session per week for 12 weeks with 90% of maximum heart rate. The Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, HCY, HDL, LDL, TC and TG were measured 12 hours before the first session of training protocol, and 48 hours after 8th and 12th weeks of HIIT. Results show that HIIT had a significant effect on LDL, TC and TG Indices in active middle-aged men in both 8 and 12 weeks (P˂0/05). On the other hand, HIIT did not have a significant effect on CRP (P=0/848), IL-6 (P=0/080) and HCY (P=0/247) indices in 8 weeks, but it did have a significant effect on CRP (P=0/003), IL-6 (P=0/019) and HCY (P=0/012) indices in 12 weeks. HIIT appears to produce favorable changes on lipid profile of middle-aged men over a period of 8 weeks, But it does not have the ability to improve their inflammatory indicators and create favorable changes in inflammatory indices, it is necessary to perform HIIT for more than 8 weeks and a period of 12 weeks will bring about favorable changes and It is likely to have an effective role in preventing middle-aged heart diseases.
Vahid Sari-Sarraf; Ramin Amirsasan; Asghar Iranpour
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 59-68
Abstract
Aim: Sport supplementation is aconventionalmethod to prevent of dehydrationand body energystoresdepletion in graded long-term exercise.Acute carbohydrate and L–carnitine supplementation probably effect time to exhaustion and heart rate variablility during recovery from gradedexercise in male college ...
Read More
Aim: Sport supplementation is aconventionalmethod to prevent of dehydrationand body energystoresdepletion in graded long-term exercise.Acute carbohydrate and L–carnitine supplementation probably effect time to exhaustion and heart rate variablility during recovery from gradedexercise in male college athletes. Method: Fourty male college athletes were randomly recruitedforthis study, and divided into 4 groups (control, carbohydrate, L-carnitine and carbohydrate/L-carnitinesupplementation) and ingested 500 cc supplements, 3 hours before exhaustive exercise. Times to exhaustion, heart rate variability in recovery and ratingof perceived exertion were recorded and analysed. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze exhaustion and variance analysis (4 × 2) for changes in heart rate recovery period. Results: Acute carbohydrate supplementation (P≤0.05) had significant effect on time to exhaustion compared to L-carnitine. However, acute supplementation of carbohydrate and L-carnitine combination had a agreater effect on time to exhaustion (P≤0.05). Mean while, separate and combined supplementationhad no significant effects on recovery heart rate variability and rating of perceived exertion. Conclusion: Probably, use of combined carbohydrate and L-carnitine supplementation should be better than seperate carbohydrate or L-carnitine in graded long- term exercise.
Ahmad Abdi; Nasrin Ramezani; Hasan Haji
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 59-68
Abstract
Aim: Oxidative stress is an affective factor in insulin resistant, diabetes and other problems increasing blood glucose that seen in type 1 and 2 diabetes is an effective factor in producing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training and Coriandrum sativum ...
Read More
Aim: Oxidative stress is an affective factor in insulin resistant, diabetes and other problems increasing blood glucose that seen in type 1 and 2 diabetes is an effective factor in producing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training and Coriandrum sativum on oxidative stress factors in diabetic male rats. Method: The present experimental study was conducted on 40 adult male rats. After induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (1: resistance training, 2: resistance training-Coriandrum sativum extract, 3: Coriandrum sativum extract, and 4: control). Diabetic condition was induced by using 55 mg af streptozotosin per one kg body weight. Then they performed 6 weeks of resistance training (five days a week for 6 weeks and with intensity of 30-100% rats weight) and drank oral Coriandrum sativum extract (150 mg/kg daily). After 6 weeks serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured. Results: The results showed that resistance training alonge with Coriandrum sativum extract increased serum levels of TAC, SOD and CAT (p<0.05) significantly. Also, TAC level was increased in resistance and Coriandrum sativum extract groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that six weeks at resistance training combined with Coriandrum sativum extract may have a positive effect on body anti-oxidant system and treatment of diabetes.
B Ghanivand; B Nakhostinroohi
Abstract
Aim: Curcumin is as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on muscle damage indices following intensive eccentric exercise.
Method: Ten healthy, nonsmoking, active young men participated in this cross over study. Participants ...
Read More
Aim: Curcumin is as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on muscle damage indices following intensive eccentric exercise.
Method: Ten healthy, nonsmoking, active young men participated in this cross over study. Participants were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion in two placebo (P), and curcumin (C) groups. After first blood sampling, subjects did a session of intensive squat exercise. Immediately after exercise, a second blood sampling was collected. Afterward, subjects took 150 mg curcumin or placebo, and sampling was performed 24, 48, and 72h after exercise blood sampling was done again. After a two weeks recovery period and with the change of supplements the test were repeated. Creatine Kinase (CK), and bilirubin were measured as muscle damage markers. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Range of Motion of the knee (ROM), and tissue swelling were measured at all time series.
Results: CK significantly decreased in C group 24h after exercise compared with the P group (P<0.05). Bilirubin significantly decreased in C group 72h after exercise compared with the P group (P<0.05). VAS was increased in both in both group exercise, but showed significant decrease in C group compared with P group 48 and 72h after exercise (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems 150mg curcumin supplementation after a session of intensive eccentric exercise ameliorate pain and muscle damage through its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties..
Exercise Physiology
Morteza Fattahpour Marani; Solmaz Babaei
Abstract
Aim: physical activity can play a supportive role in breast cancer improvement by regulating and modulating cytokines. Interleukin 10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in preventing the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, and interleukin 4 is an inflammatory cytokine that ...
Read More
Aim: physical activity can play a supportive role in breast cancer improvement by regulating and modulating cytokines. Interleukin 10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in preventing the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, and interleukin 4 is an inflammatory cytokine that causes the growth and development of cancer cells. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of 12 weeks of Pilates exercises on the serum levels of interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 in women with breast cancer. Method: The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental manner with two experimental and control groups on 30 women with breast cancer. The experimental group was given Pilates exercises for 12 weeks and 3 sessions each week for 60 minutes, while the control group did not participate in any physical activity. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after exercise intervention to measure interleukin 4 and 10 variables. Results: Based on the results of the correlated t test, the serum level of interleukin 10 in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (P=0.001), and the amount of interleukin 4 in the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group(P=0.001).Conclusion: Performing Pilates exercises with the benefit of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing inflammatory cytokines improves the health status of women with breast cancer. Therefore, doing exercises can help patients as a therapeutic factor. Keywords: interleukin 10, interleukin 4, Pilates exercises, breast cancer
A Mohammadnabi; MR Asad; M Shariatzadeh joneydi; A Hoseini
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was the acute effect of Isostar Sport-drink on some of the Cardio-respiratory parameters in young soccer players a single bout of exhausting activity. Method: Statistical sample of this study was 10 young soccer players who were the players of Sepad Tehran Club with ...
Read More
Aim: The purpose of this study was the acute effect of Isostar Sport-drink on some of the Cardio-respiratory parameters in young soccer players a single bout of exhausting activity. Method: Statistical sample of this study was 10 young soccer players who were the players of Sepad Tehran Club with average age 17.10± 0.78, high 176.50± 4.85 cm, weight 67.46±5.69 kg and the body mass index 21.63±1.42 kg/m2 which have been voluntarily chosen. The subjects take a progressive protocol which has been simulated to run on a treadmill, and during the protocol, Gas Analyzer was used to measure physiological parameters including the VO2max, vo2, vco2, RER, VO2AT, VO2AT/VO2. Then, one week later, the subjects returned and drank a Isostar Sport drink, and executed the protocol. Results: The results of this study showed metabolic parameters (VO2max, vo2, vco2, (RER), VO2AT, VO2AT/VO2) have no significantly changed after consuming Isostar beverage. Conclusion: we can concluded that the use of Isostar beverage on one occasion, does not lead to a significant change in VO2max،vo2،vco2, (RER)، VO2AT، VO2AT/VO2 ratesand athletes should be wary to use this sport drink.
Z Khazraei Ganjifar; F Rahmani-nia
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between NT-proBNP, galactin-3 and aldosterone variables in endurance skiers after endurance skiing in height.
Method: Twenty four elite endurance skiers (age: 25 years; body fat: 14%) were divided into two groups (Experimental, Control). ...
Read More
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between NT-proBNP, galactin-3 and aldosterone variables in endurance skiers after endurance skiing in height.
Method: Twenty four elite endurance skiers (age: 25 years; body fat: 14%) were divided into two groups (Experimental, Control). The skiing program included a skiing route of 8.5 km, a mean time of 65 minutes, and an average intensity of 70-90% of the maximum oxygen consumption. The NT-proBNP values were evaluated by ELISA. A week after skiing, a ride on a treadmill was done with a slope and distance and a similar time with the ski resort. To examine the relationship between the variables studied, Pearson correlation coefficient was used at a significant level of 5% using SPSS version 22 software.
Results: : The results showed that only galatin-3 with NT-ProBNP and NT-ProBNP with aldosterone showed significant correlation in height (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Increasing physiological pressure on the heart caused by exposure to hypoxia and dehydration may lead to changes in the aldosterone and galactin-3 hormone as a fibrotic cell marker.
Seyed Reza Rahimi Moghaddam; Alireza Elmieh; Mohammad Reza Fadaei
Abstract
Objective: Neutrophils contain myeloperoxidase enzyme, which is involved in many cellular processes by producing oxidants and catalyzing hypochlorous acid. On the other hand, from middle age, physiological protection against oxidative stress starts to decrease. Therefore, the main purpose of this study ...
Read More
Objective: Neutrophils contain myeloperoxidase enzyme, which is involved in many cellular processes by producing oxidants and catalyzing hypochlorous acid. On the other hand, from middle age, physiological protection against oxidative stress starts to decrease. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine myeloperoxidase and total oxidative status changes in healthy trained middle-aged men participating in regular recreational exercise training and untrained subjects.Methodology: 20 trained (age 53.85±2.94, BMI 25.47±1.6, VO2max 42.38±2.8) and 17 untrained (age 54.17±2.83, BMI 27.83±1.12, VO2max 31.86±1.67) subjects participated in the study. Subjects performed a modified Bruce treadmill test as a model of progressive exercise training. Blood samples were taken before (T0), immediately after (T1) and one hour after the end of the test (T2).Results: There was no significant changes in pretest myeloperoxidase level in both groups, but these values were significantly changed in untrained group compared to the trained group at T1 and T2. Total oxidant status levels in both groups increased significantly after completing the test compared to the pretest. Conclusion: Regular participation in recreational exercise training can reduce the level of myeloperoxidase and total oxidative capacity of healthy middle-aged men, and may be a proper way to have a healthy lifestyle along with reduced immune system and oxidative stress markers caused by aging in middle-aged men.
