Homayra Nikseresht; Vahid Tadibi; Nasser Behpour
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic or resistance training on the serum levels of NF-kB, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance index in type2 diabetic women. Method: Participants were 45 volunteer women with type 2 diabetes ...
Read More
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic or resistance training on the serum levels of NF-kB, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance index in type2 diabetic women. Method: Participants were 45 volunteer women with type 2 diabetes who randomly assigned into three groups of 15: aerobic, resistance, and control. The exercises performed three times a week for eight weeks. The resistance training consisted of 8-12 repetitions with 60-70% of 1RM, and the aerobic training consisted of 30-50 minutes of running on the treadmill with 65-75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the intervention, the levels of NF-kB, lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin resistance index were measured. Results: Eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training had no significant effect on NF-kB levels. However, both training methods significantly reduced the insulin resistance index, fasting blood glucose, LDL levels, and increased HDL levels. The levels of triglycerides were significantly reduced only after the aerobic training. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training in improvements of the insulin resistance index, blood glucose, LDL and HDL levels. Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic training with 65-75% of the maximum heart rate or resistance training with 60-70% of 1RM can lead to reducing insulin resistance and blood sugar level, and improvement of lipid profile in women with type 2 diabetes, without significant effect on NF-kB levels. There is no difference in positive effects of these training methods.
Response and adaptation to exercises
mehran hashemi; Agha Ali Ghasemnyian; akram karimi asl; samaneh hadi
Abstract
Background and Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two types of intense training on the levels of thioredoxin reductase-1 enzyme and malondialdehyde in testicular tissue of male wistar rats.Material and method:19 male Wistar rats,8weeks old and weighing200± 5g, after10 ...
Read More
Background and Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two types of intense training on the levels of thioredoxin reductase-1 enzyme and malondialdehyde in testicular tissue of male wistar rats.Material and method:19 male Wistar rats,8weeks old and weighing200± 5g, after10 sessions of introducing training protocols and after weighing, were randomly divided into3groups(control, intense endurance training, intense training).Intense endurance training protocol included running on a treadmill for8 weeks and intense periodic training protocol included running on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session,the rats were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed and then the testicular tissue was isolated under sterile conditions.The amount of Thioredoxin Reductase-1 was determined by ELISA method and using a spectrophotometer and also the concentration of Malondialdehyde was determined by three Barbituric acid method using a spectrometer. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the data.Result:After8 weeks, the amount of Enzyme in the intense endurance training group and intense periodic training group increased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.05). Also,there was no significant change in the amount of Malondialdehyde in testicular tissue of the intense endurance training group and intense periodic training group compared to the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this research,it can be said that intense endurance training and intense periodic training has increased the amount of thioredoxin reductase-1 enzyme in a testicular tissue and by creating adaptation in the body's antioxidant system, has not increased malondialdehyde.
Minoo Bassami; Banipal Tataroo; Sajad Ahmadizad
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of L-Arginine supplementation on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in overweight individuals. Methods: Ten male overweight students performed two HIIE trials including 10 intervals of 3 min ...
Read More
Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of L-Arginine supplementation on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in overweight individuals. Methods: Ten male overweight students performed two HIIE trials including 10 intervals of 3 min encompassed 1 min running at 100% of vVO2max and 2 min active recovery at 40% of vVO2max. In each session subjects consumed either supplement or placebo 90 min prior to exercise. Before and after supplementation and immediately after exercise glucose, insulin, non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride were measured. Oxygen consumption and exhaled carbon dioxide were collected to calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Results: There were no significant differences between two trials for glucose, insulin, NEFA, triglyceride and fat oxidation (P>0.05). However, carbohydrate oxidation rate was significantly different between two sessions (p < 0.05). In addition, glucose and carbohydrate oxidation were significantly increased following HIIE irrespective of L-Arginine supplementation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study it could be concluded that L-Arginine supplementation leads to increases in carbohydrate oxidation during HIIE in overweight men, but has no effect on resting at metabolism.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Soniya Fateh; Azam Zarneshan; Bahloul Ghorbanian
Abstract
Aim: The effect of exercises that consist of a set of mental and physical exercise has received less attention on reducing appetite and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hatha yoga training on Nesfatin-1 as an inhibitory factor on appetite and a regulator of energy balance, ...
Read More
Aim: The effect of exercises that consist of a set of mental and physical exercise has received less attention on reducing appetite and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hatha yoga training on Nesfatin-1 as an inhibitory factor on appetite and a regulator of energy balance, appetite and obesity indices in overweight women. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 women aged 35-45 years (with a mean BMI of 28.94 ± 3.62 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two exercise (n=12), and control(n=12) groups. The exercise group participated in hatha yoga training for eight weeks and the control group continued their daily activities. Blood sampling (serum nesfatin-1) and measurement of appetite (desire to eat, satiety, fullness and hunger) and obesity (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (W/H ), fat percentage) indicators were performed twice, before exercise and 48 hours after exercise in subjects' luteal phase. Data analysis was done by paired t-tests, ANCOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient and using SPSS23 software.Results: In the exercise group, nesfatin-1 increased significantly (p=0.001). The hunger and desire to eat decreased significantly, the satiety and fullness increased significantly (p<0.05). Obesity indicators showed a small but significant decrease (p<0.05). A positive and significant relationship was found between the reduction of hunger and obesity indicators (BMI, W/H and fat percentage), as well as the reduction of appetite, BMI and fat percentage(p<0.05).Conclusions: Mild physical and mental exercises such as Hatha Yoga can be useful in reducing the weight of obese women through appetite control.
Negin Kazemipour; Mohammad Faramarzi; Ebrahim Banitalebi
Abstract
Purpose: Myostatin, its inhibitor follistatin have been proposed as factors that could potentially modify biological aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks elastic-band resistance training on myostatin, follistatin levels in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity. ...
Read More
Purpose: Myostatin, its inhibitor follistatin have been proposed as factors that could potentially modify biological aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks elastic-band resistance training on myostatin, follistatin levels in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity. Methodology: In this randomized, single blind randomized clinical trial, 48 elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity (based on the results of the DEXA test, age 64.63 ± 3.68 (years), fat percentage 45.4 ± 6.6 (%), BMI 33.1 ± 3.71 (kg/m2), T score of bone minerals density of femur and 1-4 lumbar spine -1.86 ± 1.42) were randomly divided to control (n = 22) and exercise (n = 26). The training group performed 12 weeks and three sessions a week elastic-band resistance training for all major muscle groups. 48 hours before and after 12 weeks of intervention, blood sampling intervention was performed. Paired-sample t-test was used for intra-group comparisons and Ancova was used for comparison between groups. Results: The between groups comparison showed the a mount of significant difference in Follistatin (P=0.002) in training group, weight (P = 0.001), fat percentage (P = 0.001) increased and the ratio of follystatin to myostatin (P = 0.018) decreasedsignificantly.incontrol groups. However, there were no significant difference in body mass index (P = 0.054), myostatin (P=0.095) between groups. Conclusion: Resistance training with elastic band seems to be an appropriate exercise strategy that can improve body composition and muscle mass in elderly people with osteosarcopenic obesity by modulating follistatin and myostatin levels.
Response and adaptation to exercises
nazanin khosravaniyan; zahra mosallanezhad; mehrzad moghadasi; hadi bashafaat
Abstract
purpose: One of the new training methods to increase the performance of athletes is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). the aim of the present study was the effect of ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation on anaerobic performance of male cyclists. method: 12 male cyclists participated in ...
Read More
purpose: One of the new training methods to increase the performance of athletes is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). the aim of the present study was the effect of ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation on anaerobic performance of male cyclists. method: 12 male cyclists participated in a randomized study with a crossover design. The tests of maximum power output and one kilometer cycling time trial were evaluated in the same laboratory conditions. All subjects consumed 60 grams of beetroot supplement and placebo for one week. There was a 7-day washout period between the two supplement and placebo periods.maximum power output and one kilometer time trial tests were performed along with the ischemic preconditioning method. Ischemic preconditioning for all subjects, including 4 periods of 5 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion using a cuff with a width of 15 cm and a pressure of 220 mmHg applied to the uppermost part of the legs. Shapiro-wilk test and repeated measurement were used to check the data. Findings: Ischemic preconditioning significantly increased maximum power compared to control (P=0.027). Although after taking red beet supplement and ischemic preconditioning, the maximum power output was higher than the control condition, but no statistically difference was observed (P=0.09). The time trial of one kilometer after ischemic preconditioning (P=0.014) and also after consumption of beetroot supplement along with ischemic preconditioning was significantly lower than the control condition (P=0.008). Conclusion: ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation can improve anaerobic performance in adult male cyclists
Exercise Physiology
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh; Mostafa Kazemi; Soraya Saeidi
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes leads to extensive cardiac fibrosis, which worsens as disease progresses, culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the effect of aerobic exercise (AT) and berberine chloride (BR) on the expression of TGF-β/Smad4 heart tissue in diabetic rats.Methods: In ...
Read More
Aim: Diabetes leads to extensive cardiac fibrosis, which worsens as disease progresses, culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the effect of aerobic exercise (AT) and berberine chloride (BR) on the expression of TGF-β/Smad4 heart tissue in diabetic rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (276/09±17.03, 10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8): Diabetes (DM), Diabetes-Berberine (BRDM), Diabetes-Aerobic Training (ATDM), Diabetes-Aerobic Training-Berberine (ATBRDM). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin. Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program (at 10-18 m/min, 10-40 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for six weeks. Berberine chloride (30 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. At the end of six weeks-- heart tissue samples were collected. TGF-β and Smad4 gene expression levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05.Results: The results showed that AT, BR and AT-BR combination in diabetic rats significantly decreased TGF-β (p = 0. 0001)) and Smad4 (p = 0. 0001) in heart tissue. Also, a significant decreased the amount of this index was observed in the ATBRDM compared to the BRDM and ATDM groups (p <0.05).Conclusions: AT and BR by improving heart tissue fibrosis markers is an effective strategy to improve cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats with STZ. In addition, AT and BR supplementation showed a protective cardioprotective effect of reducing cardiac fibrosis markers.
Exercise Physiology
Zahra Esmaeili; Farzad Zehsaz; Alireza Nourazar
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to determine 2 months of combined exercise training on the expression of PERK and IRE1α genes in Wistar male rats' Vastus lateralis muscle.Method: The present study was conducted in a three-group experimental design with control group. 35 male Wistar rats were randomly ...
Read More
Purpose: The present study aimed to determine 2 months of combined exercise training on the expression of PERK and IRE1α genes in Wistar male rats' Vastus lateralis muscle.Method: The present study was conducted in a three-group experimental design with control group. 35 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of control, endurance, strength, and endurance-strength and In addition to the control group, the next three groups participated in exercise exercises for two months. 48 hours after the last training session, and expression of PERK and IRE1α genes of Wistar male rats evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA at a significant level of P <0.05.Results: The results of this study showed that, after two months of endurance training, expression of IRE1α and PERK genes were significantly increased compared to the control group. Resistance training group did not have any effect on IRE1α gene expression but increased expression of PERK gene compared to control group. Also, the combined exercise group did not differ in the expression of IRE1α gene compared to the control group but increased the expression of PERK gene compared to the control group.
Sports supplements
amir khosravi
Abstract
Objective: Aerobic training and Saffron has decreasing effects on apoptosis induced by exercise to exhaustion. The present study aims to investigate the Interactive effect of aerobic training with Saffron extract on BAX and Bcl2 proteins of cardiac tissue in trained rats following an aerobic exercise ...
Read More
Objective: Aerobic training and Saffron has decreasing effects on apoptosis induced by exercise to exhaustion. The present study aims to investigate the Interactive effect of aerobic training with Saffron extract on BAX and Bcl2 proteins of cardiac tissue in trained rats following an aerobic exercise until exhaustion. Methods: This is a clinical trial, 48 Wistar male rats were assigned into following four groups (N=12): control )C) , Saffron extract) SE) , Aerobic training (AT) , Aerobic training + Saffron extract (AT+SE). Aerobic training was done for five times a week for 8 weeks. Saffron extract was administrated through oral gavage 100 mg.kg-1.day-1. The end of experiment, half of the rats was killed immediately before exhaustive training; on the other hand, remaining rats were killed immediately after performing an acute bout of exhaustive exercise on the treadmill. BAX and Bcl2 proteins levels were measured by ELISA method. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, with the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: following an exhausting BAX and Bcl2 proteins of cardiac tissue in the all groups Except in the AT+SE group were significantly increased and decreased respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training and use of saffron extract Each one alone or in combination with each other prevented the significant change of Bax and Bcl2 proteins and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio following an exhausting exercise.
Fatemeh Akbari; mehrzad moghadasi; Sirus Farsi Farsi; Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of eight weeks moderate-intensity endurance training on hypocampic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor gene expression in the rats with hippocampal degeneration model. In this experiment, twenty four ...
Read More
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of eight weeks moderate-intensity endurance training on hypocampic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor gene expression in the rats with hippocampal degeneration model. In this experiment, twenty four mature Sprague-dawley male rats were subjected to Alzheimer’s disease through intraperitoneally injection of 8 mg/kg Trimethytin (TMT) and then were divided into (1) Alzheimer-infected control group, (2) endurance training, and (3) sham to study the impact of the disease on the variables. Sixteen healthy rats were assigned to the control group that eight rats sacrifice at first week and eight rats sacrifice at last week. The rats in the endurance training group ran on a rat treadmill with the speed of 15 to 20 meters per minute for 15 to 30 minutes in each session, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. To analyze the results of the tests, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were run using SPSS The results revealed that induction of Alzheimer’s disease by TMT decreases the BDNF and TrkB receptor gene expression in rats. The results, also indicated that there were no significant differences in hypocampic BDNF and TrkB receptor gene expression between endurance training group and sham group. According to the study results, it seems that endurance training with specific intensity and duration utilized in this study had not significant effect on changes of hypocampic BDNF and TrkB receptor gene expression in the rats with hippocampal degeneration model.
Exercise Physiology
Hannaneh khalili ateni; Rozita Fathi; khadijeh Nasiri; Abolfazl Akbari
Abstract
Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of ten weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract on PIK3R1gene expression and serum creatinine levels in male rats, after consuming Dexamethasone.Method: 25 male Wistar rats (371± 32 gr) were randomly divided into ...
Read More
Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of ten weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract on PIK3R1gene expression and serum creatinine levels in male rats, after consuming Dexamethasone.Method: 25 male Wistar rats (371± 32 gr) were randomly divided into five groups including; control, dexamethasone, dexamethasone + safflower (500 mg/kg of body weight), dexamethasone + aerobic exercise (60 minutes, speed of 28m/min, 5 days a week), dexamethasone + safflower + aerobic exercise. Kidney damage was induced by subcutaneous injection of Dexamethasone (8 gr /kg of body weight) for 6 days. Results: Findings didn’t show a significant effect in the expression of PIK3R1 gene in different groups. Despite the observed changes in renal histology, dexamethasone caused insignificant changes in urea and uric acid. The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of consumption of safflower extract caused a significant decrease in urea and an insignificant increase in uric acid in mice with kidney damage. Also, 10 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly reduced urea, while causing an insignificant reduction in uric acid in mice with kidney damage. Despite changes in urea and uric acid, aerobic exercise and safflower extract can improve kidney damage.Conclusion: It seems that 10 weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract can be effective in improving kidney injury but the interveners in this study could not alter the expression of the PIK3R1 gene.
Metabolic disorders in exercise
Somayeh Kazemi-Esfahani; Ali Yaghoubi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Portulaca Oleracea extract on Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein (ANGPTL4) level and insulin resistance in rats with NAFLD. Methods: Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Portulaca Oleracea extract on Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein (ANGPTL4) level and insulin resistance in rats with NAFLD. Methods: Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, fatty liver control, HIIT, Portulaca Oleracea extract, and HIIT+Portulaca Oleracea extract. To induce NAFLD, the rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Portulaca Oleracea supplement at 400 mg/kg was given to the experimental groups. HIIT was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week at 90% maximum speed. Hepatic ANGPTL4 level and insulin resistance were measured after 8 weeks of HIIT and consumption of purslane extract. One way anova and tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.Results: Insulin resistance was significantly higher in fatty liver control group than healthy controls (P=0.002). But it was significantly lower in HIIT group (P=0.01), Portulaca Oleracea extract (P=0.037), and HIIT+Portulaca Oleracea extract group (P=0.012) than that in fatty liver control group. ANGPTL4 levels in the healthy control group was significantly higher than fatty liver control group (p=0.01). levels of this index in HIIT group (p=0.036), Portulaca Oleracea extract (p=0.01) and HIIT+ Portulaca Oleracea extract (p=0.007) was significantly lower than the fatty liver control group. Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and Portulaca Oleracea extract can play an important role in controlling the progression of this disease by reducing the level of ANGPTL4 and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD.
hamideh montazery taleghani; nader shakeri; khosrow ebrahim; rahman soori; M Gholami
Abstract
Background: A main reason of death in diabetes is cardiovascular diseases, which apoptosis plays a critical role through the progress. As known, body exercises can avoid damaging effects of apoptosis on human heart. This study is investigating the effects of resistance exercises in a period of 8 weeks ...
Read More
Background: A main reason of death in diabetes is cardiovascular diseases, which apoptosis plays a critical role through the progress. As known, body exercises can avoid damaging effects of apoptosis on human heart. This study is investigating the effects of resistance exercises in a period of 8 weeks on cardiomyocyte apoptosis status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats..Materials and methods:20 male wistar rats with age of 8 weeks and 210-250 g weight randomly allocated into two groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg) in diabetic groups. The resistance training carried out a step ladder, load of 30-100 percentage of weight whereas control group remained sedentary. Measuring training adaptations blood and heart tissue samples were taken bout The level of the serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, and gene expression levels Bcl-2,Bax,caspase8 and the ratio of bax/ Bcl-2 were assessed. Results: Implementation of 8 weeks of resistance exercise resulted significant decrease in gene expression levels Bax and the ratio of bax/ Bcl-2 (p=0/000)and a significant increase in Bcl-2(p=0/000) and caspase 8 (p=0/004) compare with control group in diabetic rats.Conclusion: The results show that resistance exercise may be used as a non‐pharmacological strategy to reduce the diabetes‐induced apoptosis in the heart in diabetes disease. Keyword:Type 2 diabetes,apoptosis,resistance exercise, gene expression
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Bita Talebi; Bahman Mirzaei
Abstract
Background. Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.Methods. ...
Read More
Background. Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.Methods. Eight obese men (mean age: 25.75±2.37 years and BMI: 31.96±3.03 kg/m2) performed protocols of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and control (C) on separate days with a week. The HIIE protocol included six bouts of 1-minute running with intensity of 85% VO2max and 4 min active rest periods with intensity of 50% VO2max and the MICE protocol included 30 minutes running on treadmill with intensity of 65% VO2max which was matched with the HIIE protocol. Serum Galectin3 levels were measured by ELISA in 3 stages of before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 24 h after exercise.Reults. Immediately after exercise, HIIE and MICE resulted in a significant increase in serum Galectin3 compared to the control group (p
Sports supplements
Hojat Dehghanzade; Hossein Samadi; Taher Afshar Nejhad
Abstract
AbstractAim: Recently, the attention of sports science researchers has increased to the role of supplements that help to improve executive functions in addition to improving physical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the ...
Read More
AbstractAim: Recently, the attention of sports science researchers has increased to the role of supplements that help to improve executive functions in addition to improving physical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the executive functions of athletes before and after exhausting exercise.Method: 30 male athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 (supplement consumption group before the exhausting test and supplement consumption group after the exhausting test). The modified coocani test was considered as a training protocol. Continuous performance and N-back tests to measure attention and working memory were measured before conconi test and in four other stages. Data analysis was done by the method of mixed ANOVA and using SPSS 26 software.Results:The findings showed that the group that had taken sodium bicarbonate supplement before the conconi test performed significantly better than the other group in the attention and working memory tests (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acute consumption of sodium bicarbonate supplement both before exercise and as a recovery supplement improves attention and working memory after exercise.Keywords: Sodium bicarbonate, Exhausting exercise, Young athletes, Executive functions
Exercise Physiology
Hafez Eynavi; Aboalhamid habibi; Rouhollah Ranjbar; Mohammad Rami
Abstract
Aim: Resistance exercise is Effective factor that stimulate anabolic and catabolic hormones. The ingestion of sport supplements before resistance exercise can affect the hormonal responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the ingestion of a pre-workout supplement and resistance exercise on hormonal ...
Read More
Aim: Resistance exercise is Effective factor that stimulate anabolic and catabolic hormones. The ingestion of sport supplements before resistance exercise can affect the hormonal responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the ingestion of a pre-workout supplement and resistance exercise on hormonal responses.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover design, sixteen male physical education students (age: 22.9±1.7yr, weight: 67.8±4.0 kg, and BMI: 23.1±1.7 kgm2/) completed two resistance exercise sessions with one week washout period between each session. Participants consumed supplement or placebo 30 minutes before exercise. The supplement was a single scoop (6.5 g) of the C4 pre-workout (cellucor company), and the placebo was 6.5 g maltodextrin. Blood samples were taken before, immediately post, and after 1 hour pos-exercise to analyze growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and blood lactate. For analysis of data were used the repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.Results: The results had shown that there were no significant differences in acute responses of testosterone, cortisol, and blood lactate immediately post and one hour after resistance exercise between placebo and supplement conditions (p>0.05). However, the rise of growth hormone after exercise was higher in supplement condition than placebo condition (p<0.025).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the C4 supplement has no effective response on reducing lactate accumulation due to resistance exercise and has no consequence on buffering system, but can increase growth levels according to the enhancement of anabolic conditions in the body.
Hasan Naghizadeh; kamal Azizbeigi
Abstract
Aim:Obesity is known as an inflammatory systemic indicator of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of progressive resistance exercise on serum levels of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in obese men. ...
Read More
Aim:Obesity is known as an inflammatory systemic indicator of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of progressive resistance exercise on serum levels of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in obese men. Method:Forty sedentary obese men (BMI=31.07 kg.m2) with age range of 30-45 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 20 participants: progressive resistance exercise and control. The exercise protocol for 12 weeks, was carried out three times a week (First week:15 repetitions -2 rounds -50% 1RM; Twelfth week:12 repetitions -3 rounds -80% 1RM). Blood samples were taken before and 24 hours after the last training session to determine serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t-test at a significance level of α=0.05. Results:The results showed that 12 weeks of progressive resistance training has significant effect on between group changes of aspartate aminotransferase(p=0.003), alkaline phosphatase (p=0.014), alanine aminotransferase(p=0.040) and the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase(p=0.006) in sedentary obese men. Significant between group changes were observed in muscle strength(p=0.001) and body fat percentage(p=0.038). Progressive resistance training is likely to reduce the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase in the blood of obese obese men by improving body composition, muscle strength, and oxygen consumption. Conclusion:Progressive resistance training, possibly with improved body composition and muscle strength, can decrease the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase in sedentary obese men.
Exercise Physiology
ADEL DONYAEI; Abolfazl Khosravi; Masoud Ardeshiri; farhad gholami
Abstract
Objectives: exercise training has a remarkable metabolic and appetite-regulating effects. Appetite-regulating effects of exercise training may be altered by fasted and fed status. Methodology: in a randomized trial, 54 obese men with BMI > 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into groups including 2 experimental ...
Read More
Objectives: exercise training has a remarkable metabolic and appetite-regulating effects. Appetite-regulating effects of exercise training may be altered by fasted and fed status. Methodology: in a randomized trial, 54 obese men with BMI > 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into groups including 2 experimental groups of training (fasted and fed) and control. The experimental groups performed a concurrent exercise program including aerobic training (walking/ running at 60-70% of heart rate reserve lasting 30 minutes) followed by strength training (circuit training with 10 repetitions for each exercise in 3 rounds interspersed with 2-3 min rest) with a frequency of 3 d/w over 8 weeks. The fasted group performed exercise program following overnight fasting, and the fed group performed the exercise program following breakfast. At the beginning and 48 hours after the last training session measurements were performed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05. Results: concurrent training resulted in a significant decrease in leptin (p=0.001) as well as the appetite (p=0.002) compared to the control group; yet, no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, ghrelin significantly decreased in the experimental groups compared to the control (p=0.001) and a significant difference between the two experimental groups was also observed (p=0.013). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicates that appetite and leptin are remarkably affect by concurrent training but not by pre-exercise feeding status. However, ghrelin resting concentration is likely to be affect by pre-exercise feeding status (fasted vs fed).
Physical activity, weight control and obesity
Sana Shurehkandi; MOSTAFA Khani; Elaheh Piralaiy; mahdi faramoushi
Abstract
Aim: Adipose tissue, as a metabolically active tissue, plays an important role in increasing inflammatory indices. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) with thyme extract supplementation on some inflammatory and anthropometric markers ...
Read More
Aim: Adipose tissue, as a metabolically active tissue, plays an important role in increasing inflammatory indices. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) with thyme extract supplementation on some inflammatory and anthropometric markers in Tabriz city obese and overweight women. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental study, and its statistical population consisted of overweight and obese women. To investigate CRP, ESR, TNF-α, quality of life, and body composition, 40 people were selected voluntarily with an average age of 33.07 ± 4.79, weight 76.76 ± 5.63, and body profile 29.02 ± 1.74, and were randomly divided into four homogenous groups (10 people in each group): training, supplement, training+supplement group and placebo. HIIT was performed for two weeks with 80-95% of HRR and Azarbaijani thyme was used as a supplement in two times a day. The data was analyzed using analysis of covariance test in the significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference in CRP (F=15, P=0.0001), TNF-α (F=25.56, P=0.0001), ESR (F=47.7, P=0.0001) , BMI (F = 20.71, P = 0.01) and WHR (F = 10.16, P = 0.01) between groups.. But there was no significant difference in calf circumference (F = 0.56, P = 0.64). Conclusion: Short-term HIIT alone or in combination with thyme reduces inflammation (CRP, ESR and TNF-α) and improve some anthropometric indicies in obese and overweight women.
Physical activity and wellness
Alireza Paahoo; Vahid Tadibi; Naser Behpoor
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease whose first stages can begin in childhood. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis, which is becoming an epidemic. The increase in prevalence of obesity has focused more attention on the relationship between obesity and atherosclerosis, and although ...
Read More
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease whose first stages can begin in childhood. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis, which is becoming an epidemic. The increase in prevalence of obesity has focused more attention on the relationship between obesity and atherosclerosis, and although the relationship between obesity and atherosclerosis has been widely reported, its potential mechanisms still need to be further elucidated. Salusins are a new class of bioactive peptides that play an important role as endogenous regulators of atherosclerosis process. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response characterized by abnormal adipokine production and activation of some pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Past studies have shown that inflammatory process has a cause and effect relationship with obesity and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Also, arterial endothelial disorder is an early disorder in process of atherosclerosis, and presence of this disorder in obese children has been widely reported. The most important potential factor that will lead to obesity, inflammatory conditions and endothelial dysfunction is immobility. On the other hand, physical activity has wide health benefits and is considered as an important factor in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the role of physical activity in improving endogenous regulators of atherosclerosis in obese and sedentary children.
Exercise Physiology
Fahimeh Kazemi
Abstract
Aim: Portulaca oleracea has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. High-intensity interval training (HITT) leads to weight loss by increasing fat oxidation in shorter duration. In the present study, the effects of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HITT on glycemic control and dyslipidemia ...
Read More
Aim: Portulaca oleracea has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. High-intensity interval training (HITT) leads to weight loss by increasing fat oxidation in shorter duration. In the present study, the effects of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HITT on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in obese female students was evaluated. Method: In an experimental study, 42 obese female students (average age: 23 years and body mass index (BMI): 31.78 ± 1.47 kg/m2) were selected and divided into four groups: control, supplement, training, and supplement with training. Supplement included two capsules of 0.5 g of Portulaca oleracea per day and training included HIIT (with an intensity of 75-90% of maximum heart rate) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indexes, plasma glucose and lipids were measured before and after the test. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: There was a significant difference between weight, BMI, glucose, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the four groups (P<0.05), so that weight, BMI, glucose, TG in three groups versus the control group decreased significantly and HDL-C increased significantly (P<0.05), and these changes were more in the supplement with training group than in the supplement and training groups alone. However, there was no significant difference between total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the four groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: The concomitant consumption of Portulaca oleracea supplement and HIIT can have more effect on improved glycemic control and decreased dyslipidemia in obese female students than the consumption of supplement and HIIT alone.
Exercise Physiology
hamid malekshahiniya; Roohollah Mohammadi Mirzaei; Halimeh vahdatpoor; M Azarniveh
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of an interval training course on some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors of the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: In this research, 60 male rats were selected and made diabetic with nicotinamide ...
Read More
Background: The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of an interval training course on some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors of the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: In this research, 60 male rats were selected and made diabetic with nicotinamide and streptozocin (STZ), and then randomly divided into 6 groups of 10: control, intermittent exercise, sham, intermittent exercise + saline, diabetic and diabetes + interval training were divided. The rats in the training groups performed an interval training program using a treadmill for 6 weeks and 5 days a week. Data analysis was done with one-way analysis of variance significant P≤0.05. Results: The results of this research showed that the levels of blood glucose, TNF-α and CRP in the intermittent exercise and diabetes+interval exercise groups had a significant decrease compared to the control and diabetes groups (P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.003 respectively). P) and insulin resistance index did not change significantly (P=0.21). Also, the amount of IL-10 in the intermittent exercise and diabetes+intermittent exercise groups had a significant increase compared to the control and diabetes groups, respectively (P=0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that interval training can be used as a therapeutic strategy to reduce the inflammatory factors TNF-α and CRP and increase the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in heart tissue of type 2 diabetic patients.
Exercise Physiology
Hamidreza Nayeri khoob
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity ...
Read More
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity exercise is not well known. The present study was done to examine the effect of regular resistance training on galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training. Eleven young men (age: 26.6±1.5 years old) volunteered to participate in this quasi study. One reparation maximum (1-RM) was measured and the subjects performed a heavy resistance exercise trial consisted of eight exercises (chest press, triceps extension, latissimus pull down, shoulder press, arm curls, leg extension, leg curls, and squat) of 8 repetitions with 3 sets at 80% of 1RM. Thereafter, all the subjects performed 3 sets of the same resistance training with 65-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. 48h after the last session of training, a bout of heavy resistance exercise was done again. Blood samples were taken at baseline and immediately after the heavy resistance exercise trials. The results demonstrated that galectin-3 increases after the first bout of heavy resistance exercise (P<0.05), while galectin-3 concentration reduce after the 8 weeks of regular resistance training and it remain low after the second bout of heavy resistance exercise. Generally, we can conclude that regular resistance exercise is effective to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training in young men.
Sports and health nutrition
Fatemeh Kazeminasab
Abstract
Background: The exercise training and vegetarian diets have been accepted as a suitable and non-pharmacological method to improve lifestyle and reduce metabolic diseases, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of aerobic exercise and vegetarian ...
Read More
Background: The exercise training and vegetarian diets have been accepted as a suitable and non-pharmacological method to improve lifestyle and reduce metabolic diseases, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on insulin resistance factors.Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2022 for English articles. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on insulin resistance factors (fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR). Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random and fixed effect models. Also, the I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity, and the Funnel plot and Egger tests at a significant level of 0.1 were used to determine publication bias.Results: The results of meta-analysis of 29 studies with 10019 adults, showed that aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet significantly decreased in body weight [WMD=-4.49, (CI: -6.27 to -2.72), p=0.001], fasting serum glucose [SMD=-0.46, (CI: -0.65 to -0.27), p=0.001], serum insulin [SMD=-0.42, (CI: -0.52 to -0.32), p=0.001], and HOMA-IR [WMD=-0.73, (CI: -0.97 to -0.49), p=0.001].Conclusion: The findings of the present meta-analysis show the important role of exercise and vegetarian diet in improving insulin resistance. So, aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet are suggested as a non-drug approach for reducing fasting insulin and glucose for adults.
Exercise Physiology
Nader Najafi; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Roghayyeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years ...
Read More
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, intermittent resistance training with low, moderate and high intensity. The subjects did their exercises for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 40%, 60% and 80% 1RM. 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels were measured. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks of intermittent resistance training with different intensities caused a significant difference in the levels of Dectin-1 (P=0.001), TLR4 (P=0.001) and TLR2 (P=0.001). P) in different groups. This difference is significant for the TLR4 in the moderate intensity (P=0.01) and high intensity (P=0.01) training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference in the TLR2 were seen in the low (P=0.001), medium (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) intensity training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference was observed in the moderate (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) exercise group compared to the control in dectin-1 level. Conclusion: It seems that intermittent resistance training with different intensities for 12 weeks can reduce Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels in obese men, and this improvement is better in high and medium intensities.
