Exercise Physiology
Hamidreza Nayeri khoob
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity ...
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Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family and galectin-3 used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. Intensive exercise increases the levels of this protein, but the effect of regular exercise to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to high-intensity exercise is not well known. The present study was done to examine the effect of regular resistance training on galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training. Eleven young men (age: 26.6±1.5 years old) volunteered to participate in this quasi study. One reparation maximum (1-RM) was measured and the subjects performed a heavy resistance exercise trial consisted of eight exercises (chest press, triceps extension, latissimus pull down, shoulder press, arm curls, leg extension, leg curls, and squat) of 8 repetitions with 3 sets at 80% of 1RM. Thereafter, all the subjects performed 3 sets of the same resistance training with 65-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. 48h after the last session of training, a bout of heavy resistance exercise was done again. Blood samples were taken at baseline and immediately after the heavy resistance exercise trials. The results demonstrated that galectin-3 increases after the first bout of heavy resistance exercise (P<0.05), while galectin-3 concentration reduce after the 8 weeks of regular resistance training and it remain low after the second bout of heavy resistance exercise. Generally, we can conclude that regular resistance exercise is effective to ameliorate galectin-3 responses to a bout of heavy resistance training in young men.
Exercise Physiology
Nader Najafi; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Roghayyeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years ...
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Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the risk factors of some chronic diseases. The purpose is to investigate the effect of intermittent resistance training with different intensities on toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and dectin-1 levels in obese men. Methodology: 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, intermittent resistance training with low, moderate and high intensity. The subjects did their exercises for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 40%, 60% and 80% 1RM. 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels were measured. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks of intermittent resistance training with different intensities caused a significant difference in the levels of Dectin-1 (P=0.001), TLR4 (P=0.001) and TLR2 (P=0.001). P) in different groups. This difference is significant for the TLR4 in the moderate intensity (P=0.01) and high intensity (P=0.01) training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference in the TLR2 were seen in the low (P=0.001), medium (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) intensity training group compared to the control. Also, a significant difference was observed in the moderate (P=0.01) and high (P=0.01) exercise group compared to the control in dectin-1 level. Conclusion: It seems that intermittent resistance training with different intensities for 12 weeks can reduce Dectin-1, TLR4 and TLR2 levels in obese men, and this improvement is better in high and medium intensities.
Exercise Physiology
Sahar Ghasemi Pour; Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in occurrence and side effects of many diseases .Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in the society and the economic and health consequences caused by it, the present study tries to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid on some pressure indicators.35 ...
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Oxidative stress is involved in occurrence and side effects of many diseases .Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in the society and the economic and health consequences caused by it, the present study tries to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid on some pressure indicators.35 4 weeks male C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups of high-fat diet to induce pre-diabetes and normal diet. After induction of prediabetes,after 12 weeks of high fat diet consumption the samples of this group were divided into groups without intervention, chlorogenic acid consumption, endurance training, endurance training and chlorogenic acid (n=7). The training protocol was performed incrementally . Chlorogenic acid at the rate of 110 mg per kilogram of mouse weight was given to the groups . 24 hours after the last training session and consumption of chlorogenic acid, tissue removal was done from the quadriceps skeletal muscle and after weighing, it was taken to the laboratory to measure GPX, NO, TAC and MDA. One-way ANOVA test at 0.05 level was used to analyze the data. Findings: Endurance training decreased GPX, NO, TAC, and MDA. Chlorogenic acid decreased GPX, NO, and increased TAC and MDA, and their simultaneous intervention increased GPX, TAC, and MDA and decreased NO.According to the findings of this research, it seems that endurance exercise and chlorogenic acid consumption can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to prevent oxidative stress in the body and its complications. It can also play a preventive role in diabetic patients.
Exercise Physiology
Amir Dadashzadeh; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Omid Azin Fam; Jabraeel Pouzesh Jadidi
Abstract
Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy ...
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Aim: Was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on some mitophagy indices induced by ischemia/reperfusion of male rats. Methods: Fifty eight (age: 12 weeks, weight: 315.23 ± 28.57 gr) male rats were randomized into five groups including on Healthy control, Ischemic cotrol, Curcumin, Training, Training+Curcumin(Concomitant). Aerobic training program were conducted for eight weeks (5 d/w) starting with running at a speed of 10 m/min, 5% incline for 10 min per day. The running speed and time were gradually increased up to 15-20 m/min per day. In the last two sessions, the intensity of aerobic training reached 25 m/min for 30 min per day with 2 min recovery period at 10 m/min. curcumin (200 mg/bw.day) were consumed through oral gavage for six weeks. The gene expression levels of miR-1 and miR-133 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR method and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of p <0.05. Results: In all four intervention groups, including ischemia control, exercise, curcumin and combination, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 in renal tissue increased significantly (p=0.001 in all groups) compared to the control group. However, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 genes in renal tissue after exercise caused a significant decrease and increase (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively) compared to the healthy control and ischemic control groups. Also, curcumin and Concomitant were associated with an increase in HIF-1α and BNIP3 gene expression in renal tissue
Exercise Physiology
Ensiyeh Yazdkhasti; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Reza Farzizadeh
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, low intensity Interval resistance training with low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity. In the continuation, the subjects of the resistance training group performed their training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 3 different intensities (40% 1RM with 20 repetitions, 60% 1RM with 12 repetitions and 80% 1RM with 20 repetitions) and 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last resistance training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NRG-4 were measured by ELISA. Results: The research findings showed that 12 weeks Interval resistance training decreased serum levels of IL-6 in group with high intensity (P=0.01) and increased serum levels of NRG-4 in exercise groups with different intensities(P=0.001) in obese men, but it had no significant effect on TNF-α levels (P=0.05). The dcrease in IL-6 and increase in neuroglin-4 levels in the high intensity Interval resistance training group (P=0.02) was the most compared to other groups (P=0.02 and P=0.001; respectively). Conclusion: It seems that Interval resistance training with different intensities can improve inflammatory indices and neuroglin-4 in obese people, and this improvement was more prominent in high-intensity resistance training.
Exercise Physiology
Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Fatemeh Baradari; Jabraeel pouzesh jadidi; Amir Dadashzadeh
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the Effects of aerobic training and High Fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the myocardium of adolescent male rats. Methods: forty young male rats (30 days old) randomized in normal diet control (NDC), normal diet training (NDT), high fat diet ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the Effects of aerobic training and High Fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the myocardium of adolescent male rats. Methods: forty young male rats (30 days old) randomized in normal diet control (NDC), normal diet training (NDT), high fat diet control (HFDC) and high fat diet training (HFDT) groups. HFD rats followed high fat regimen (5.817 kcal/g) for 30 days and the normal fat diet (3.801 kcal/g) was continued following to the 60th day of birth. Aerobic training was conducted for four weeks included on three training sessions from the 70th to 98th days of life. Results: Our findings showed that in HFD groups the expression of Bax protein (from the apoptotic susceptible protein family) was increased and exercise was quite effective in preventing this increase. Instead, the high-fat diet caused a (but brief and insignificant) decrease in the expression of the BCL2 protein (from the family of anti-apoptotic proteins), although the effect of exercise and high-fat diet was not significant. Also, High fat diet increased the ratio of Bax protein expression to BCL2 protein expression (as an index of overall outcome reflecting , while training was well able to prevent this increase. Conclusion: Overall, based on the results of this study, we conclude that consumption of high fat diet may also induce cardiac apoptosis even in adolescence and in addition to good physical activity in neutralizing these adverse effects of high fat diet is helpful.
Hormonal and enzymatic functions in exercise
Javad Vakili; Saeed Nikookheslat; Mohammad Tanhaei; maryam akbari
Abstract
Objective: Training with blood flow restriction likely have a profound effect on growth related hormonal indices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks intermittent training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of growth hormone, IGF-1 and Lactate in amateur ...
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Objective: Training with blood flow restriction likely have a profound effect on growth related hormonal indices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks intermittent training with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of growth hormone, IGF-1 and Lactate in amateur adolescent football players. Methodology: Therefor 24 amateur adolescent football players with age of 17/79±0/79 years-old, height of 175/41 ± 3/37 cm and weight of 69/12±4/49 kg were voluntarily selected and divided based on VO2max into two groups of control and experimental groups. The training protocol was performed in treadmill with intensity of 60-75% MHR, four sessions per week, in 400 meters, three sets in first week and four sets in second week. Recovery intervals was 60-80 seconds between exercise intervals. The thigh cuff pressure was set between 140 and 180 mmHg. Blood samples were gathered in two phases before of training protocol and 48h after last session of training for analyses of serum GH, IGF-1 levels and lactate immediately after the RAST anaerobic test. Independent and dependent T-test was used for data analyzing and significant level was set at p<0/05. Results: There was a significant increase in serum GH (p=0/016) and lactate (p=0/000) in BFR group. But there weren’t any difference between two group in serum IGF-1 after BFR and nonBFR training (P >0/05).Conclusion: it is concluded that intermittent trainings with BFR probably be more effective in enhancing adolescent’s growth indicators than intermittent training.
Exercise Physiology
Mehdi Mogharnasi; Faezeh Memarzadeh; Ali Seghatoleslami
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplement consumption on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and some body composition indicators of overweight and obese women. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, 48 overweight and obese women with an age range of 20-40 years and a body mass index (BMI) between 25-34 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and divided into 4 groups: exercise + nettle, exercise + placebo, nettle and Placebo was divided. All measurements were done one stage before the start of the course and another stage after the course was finished. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed with SPSS software, and Shapiro-Wilk, T-correlated tests and one-way analysis of variance were used at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that after 6 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (p=0.105), total cholesterol (p=0.995), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.112), and low-density lipoprotein (0.506) p = ) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.965) did not show any significant difference between the research groups. But there was a significant difference in body weight (p=0.004), body mass index (p=0.010) and ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (p=0.000) among research groups. Conclusion: 6 weeks of CXWORX training along with nettle supplementation can reduce body weight, body mass index and waist to hip ratio.
Exercise Physiology
mina shakhi; Aboalhamid habibi; aliakbar alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided ...
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Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exercise (resistance-aerobic) on the levels of IGFBP3, IGF1, and BMI in obese wome .Materials and methods: For this purpose, 24 inactive obese women aged 25 to 37 years with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were randomly divided into two groups of 12 people, training and control. The selected exercise included resistance training with weights and a special bodybuilding machine with an intensity of 67 to 80% of the maximum strength and aerobic exercise with a stationary bike and an intensity of 60 to 85% of the maximum heart rate, for 8 weeks and 3 days a week. Body composition measurements were taken 24 hours before and 24 hours after exercise. For statistical analysis in the findings section, one-way analysis of covariance test was used to examine inter-group changes. Findings: The results of this study showed that after eight weeks of resistance and aerobic training, a significant decrease in the BMI of subjects in the training group was observed compared to the control group (P<0.001). Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that after eight weeks of selected training (resistance-aerobic) the two indexes of IGFBP3 and IGF1 in the training group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.006, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, both resistance and aerobic training methods can be used to reduce weight, BMI, IGFBP3 and IGF1.
Exercise Physiology
Mohammad Salmasi; Asghar Tofighi; Siamak Asri; Javad Tolouei Azar
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) ...
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with and without supplementation of nanoparticles and zinc oxide salts on hepatocyte oxidative markers in BPA-intoxicated rats.Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) Exercise; 4) Exercise+BPA; 5) Nanoparticle supplementation (Nano); 6) Nanoparticle+BPA (Nano+BPA); 7) Zinc oxide salt (Zno); 8) Zinc oxide salt+BPA (Zno+BPA); 9) Exercise+Nano; 10) Exercise+Nano+BPA; 11) Exercise+Zno; and 12) Exercise+Zno+BPA. The exercise program was performed for eight weeks with 50-75% VO2max for 25 to 64 minutes. Nanoparticles supplemented give with 5 mg/kg 5 days a week for eight weeks.Results: The activity of the antioxidant enzymes GPX, SOD and Catalase increase significantly in the BPA group in addition to the increase in the exercise group, but TAC status decreased significantly in the exercise group alone (p = 0.001) and Zno and NanoZno groups significantly increased this index compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.001). Interestingly, in MDA and AOPP, the BPA groups showed a significant increase in these variables, supplementation caused a significant decrease in these variables, and the highest reduction was in BPA+Nano and BPA+Zno (p = 0.001).Conclusion: BPA causes reactive changes in antioxidant capacity, it destroys total antioxidant capacity. However, oxidative index studies revealed that a combination of moderate-intensity exercise and zinc oxide supplements (especially supplementation alone) may alter the kinetics of BPA contamination by inhibiting the oxidative system and subsequently improving hepatocyte status.
Exercise Physiology
Siamak Rahbar; Sajad Ahmadizad; Hiwa Rahmani
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity ...
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Objective: To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.Methods: Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol with L-arginine supplementation or placebo, where, two trials were separated by seven days. In each session, the subjects consumed 0.075 g per kg body weight of supplement or placebo which was dissolved in 400 ml of water, and 90 minutes later, performed HIIE as 12 intervals of 3-minute on treadmill (activity: 1-min, 100% of vVO2max, recovery: 2-min, 40% of vVO2max). To measure platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), three blood samples were taken before supplementation and immediately before and after HIIE.Results: Regardless of the type of supplement, HIIE increased PLT and PCT by 29 and 31%, respectively (P < 001), but did not have a significant effect on MPV and PDW. Furthermore, consumption of L-arginine 90 min prior to HIIE, inhibited PCT (P = 0.043) but had no effect on PLT.Conclusion: Intermittent nature and recovery periods in HIIE protocol did not significantly increase MPV and PDW in both sessions, which may be a reason for the safety of the HIIE. L-arginine supplementation prior to HIIE only reduced PCT, due to its inability to affect other indices, to achieve more accurate results further studies with more effective doses of supplementation are needed.
Environmental stress in sports
mahdi faramoushi; Ramin Amirsasan; Vahid sari sarraf
Abstract
the aim of study was to investigate the effect of simulating staying at medium altitude along with consumption of thyme on the cardiomyopathy rate of type 2 diabetic rats and their simultaneous effect on liver enzymes.Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight. In ...
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the aim of study was to investigate the effect of simulating staying at medium altitude along with consumption of thyme on the cardiomyopathy rate of type 2 diabetic rats and their simultaneous effect on liver enzymes.Methods: For this purpose, 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight. In order to induce type 2 diabetes, streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally.Altitude group was alternately placed for eight weeks in night sleep conditions at a simulated altitude in a hypoxia chamber, and thyme group was supplemented with thyme in the form of 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract in 30 ml of drinking water. Cardiomyopathy was measured through two indices of apoptosis (western blot) and fibrosis (staining), and diabetic indices, liver enzymes using methods Calorimetry was measured by biochemistry company.Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of altitude and thyme reduce the fasting glucose level in diabetics (P<0.05). Also, the results of the multivariate analysis of variance test showed Apoptosis and fibrosis showed a significant decrease in myocardial with exposure to altitude and simultaneous consumption of thyme (p<0.025). Also, moderate altitude and consumption of thyme extract had no significant effect on the serum levels of ALT and AST transaminases.Conclusion: Simulated moderate altitude and consumption of thyme in this research decreased fasting blood sugar and on the other hand, by reducing apoptosis and fibrosis, it prevented cardiomyopathy in the heart of type 2 diabetic rats, but these two variables did not cause a significant decrease in ALT and AST enzymes.
Exercise Physiology
Roghayeh Fakhrpour; Hamid Yazdanshenas
Abstract
Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid ...
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Aim: choosing the type of sports activity for better effect in obese people can be considered as an important factor and challenge. On the other hand, Spexin plays a central and peripheral role in regulating satiety and food intake, motility of the digestive tract, energy metabolism and glucose/lipid metabolism. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 on serum levels of spexin and lipid profile indices of obese men. Methods: The present experimental study and its statistical sample were 30 obese men who were randomly assigned to two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise (15 people in each group). Aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise were performed for eight consecutive weeks. Before and after the start of the protocol, height, weight, maximum oxygen consumption blood sampling from the brachial vein were performed to evaluate the amount of spexin and lipid profile.Results: The inter-group results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SPX and total cholesterol between the two groups of aerobic exercise and 30-20-10 exercise, so that by examining the difference in means, the greatest effect was after aerobic exercise. P = 0.001 and P = 0.005). But HDL levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=215).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is likely that aerobic exercise has a better effect on the serum levels of spexin and cholesterol in obese people than 10-20-30 exercises.
Exercise Science
Aghaali Ghasemnian; ahmad azad; mohamadreza seraji vatan
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 70percent reduction in training loade during the tapering on serum levels of cortisol, testosterone and performance changes in trained swimmersMethods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 trained male swimmers were selected by available ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 70percent reduction in training loade during the tapering on serum levels of cortisol, testosterone and performance changes in trained swimmersMethods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 trained male swimmers were selected by available sampling method and participated voluntarily in the study. Then based on the record of 200m freestyle, the subjects were divided into two groups: Taper(n=10) and control(n=10). Both groups initially Participated in6 weeks in incremental exercises training. Then the taper group spent the 14-day period with a 70% reduction in training load and the control group continued training with the same load as before. In both groups, performance tests (upper and lower body strength) and blood samples (for measurement of serum testosterone, cortisol and testosterone / cortisol ratio) were taken at the beginning of the taper and after the end of this period. For determination of testosterone and cortisol levels, ELISA kits was used. Data were analyzed using, paired t-, and covariance tests. Results: The results indicated that after the tapering , there was a significant difference between the two groups in swimming performance (200m freestyle), upper and lower strength, serum cortisol levels, and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol(P< 0/05). However, there was no significant difference in testosterone levels between the two groups(P> 0/05).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that taper plan with 14-days, improved anabolic conditions and performance in trained swimmers.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Elnaz Sadeghpour Firozabadi; alireza barari
Abstract
Aim: Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are probably related to changes in sex hormones. Physical training is one of the effective factors in the changes of this axis. purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks of ResistanceTraining on free Testosterone serum levels, sex hormones binding ...
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Aim: Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are probably related to changes in sex hormones. Physical training is one of the effective factors in the changes of this axis. purpose of this study was the effect of six weeks of ResistanceTraining on free Testosterone serum levels, sex hormones binding globuline, Inhibin b and luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone in obese men students. Methods: For this purpose, 20 obese male students with aged range of 20 ± 2 years participated in this study and divided randomly into 2 groups 10 people of resistance training and control. Resistance training was performed for six weeks and three sessions per week in %60 to %70 repetition maximun. In order to analyze the biochemical variables, blood samples were taken at two stages, 48 hours before and after of training period. Inter group and between changes of information were performed by dependent and independent t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that resistance training led to a significant increase in free testosterone serum concentration and a significant increase in SHBG in obese men. But after six weeks of training, there were no significant changes in inhibin b, luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulation hormone. Conclusion: six weeks of resistance training with improved body composition, upper and lower body muscle strength and also aerobic power are associated with changes in sex hormones in obese men.
Exercise Physiology
Fazel Bazyar halimehjani; Ramin Shabani; َAlireza Elmiyeh
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's is a destructive brain disease that causes progressive cognitive disorders for which there is no cure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise along with the consumption of saffron extract on spatial memory and the amount of tau protein ...
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Introduction: Alzheimer's is a destructive brain disease that causes progressive cognitive disorders for which there is no cure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise along with the consumption of saffron extract on spatial memory and the amount of tau protein accumulation in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's induced male rats.Method: In this experimental study, 32 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 Alzheimer's groups including control, aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise, extract and extract. Aerobic exercises including 3 training sessions per week were performed for 8 weeks. Y maze test was used to check spatial memory and ELISA method was used to measure tau protein. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.Findings: The results showed that after 8 weeks of aerobic training with saffron supplement, there was a significant increase in spatial memory performance in the intervention groups compared to the control group (P < 0.5). Also, regarding the amount of tau protein accumulation in the aerobic exercise group, aerobic exercise and extract showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.5).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise and consumption of saffron extract improves spatial memory performance and reduces the accumulation of tau protein in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's male rats.
Physical activity, weight control and obesity
Elaheh Amiri mandoulakani; karim azali alamdari; roghayeh Fakhrpour
Abstract
Performing sports activities along with the consumption of herbal supplements, especially in people, have different effects on the body's antioxidant and oxidant systems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense interval training with chlorella supplementation ...
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Performing sports activities along with the consumption of herbal supplements, especially in people, have different effects on the body's antioxidant and oxidant systems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense interval training with chlorella supplementation on serum levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity in obese or overweight middle-aged women. The statistical population of the present study consisted of overweight or obese middle-aged women (BMI ≤ 25) with an age range of 40 to 65 years. A number of 40 subjects were selected by invitation and based on the study entry criteria and randomly divided into four groups: exercise and supplement (10 people), exercise and placebo (10 people), supplement (10 people) and control (10 people). became HIIT exercises consisted of periods of 60 seconds of maximum intensity running (85-95% of the reserve heart rate) followed by 60 seconds of low-intensity running (55-60% of the reserve heart rate). The subjects did 6 times in the first week, 8 times in the second week. they completed the third to fifth weeks 10 times and the sixth to eighth weeks with 12 repetitions. Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of data and correlated t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test to test hypotheses was used and the significant level was considered at the alpha level of 5%.
Exercise Physiology
Hamid Reza Sadeghipour; Moinreh Kocheki; mohsen avandi; Abdosaleh Zar
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is one of the most serious health problems associated with inflammation. Physical activity is one of the many factors that affect obesity and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of resistance training and high intensity functional training cross-fit ...
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Aim: Obesity is one of the most serious health problems associated with inflammation. Physical activity is one of the many factors that affect obesity and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of resistance training and high intensity functional training cross-fit on serum vaspin levels in obese women. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design. Thirty six obese women of Semnan (age: 32.66 ± 3.91, weight: 86.97± 9.08 and BMI> 30) were selected as available and divided into three groups of high intensity functional resistance training (HIIF), Circular resistance training and control group (n = 12). The total training period consisted of 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week and each session was about 60 minutes. Serum levels of vaspin were avaluated befor and after the last training session. Results: Serum vaspin levels did not change significantly in the circular resistance training group (P=0.876) and Crossfit training group (P=0.837). But the body mass index was significantly decreased in the circular resistance training group (P=0.001) and the Crossfit training group (P=0.006). Conclusions: Circuit resistance training and Crossfit reduce the body mass of obese women, but they do not have a significant effect on the serum level of vaspin. It is suggested to use circular resistance exercises and HIFT with a longer duration for a better effect.
Exercise Physiology
Zahra Soltani; Homa Sheikhani Shahin
Abstract
Aim: Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate (NO3‒) may enhance exercise performance by improving skeletal muscle contractility and metabolism. CrossFit also, is recognized as a new method improves exercise performance but the interaction effects of nitrate supplements and CrossFitt on exercise ...
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Aim: Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate (NO3‒) may enhance exercise performance by improving skeletal muscle contractility and metabolism. CrossFit also, is recognized as a new method improves exercise performance but the interaction effects of nitrate supplements and CrossFitt on exercise performance are not well known. The present study was done to examine the interaction effects CrossFit training and beetroot juice on exercise performances in middle age inactive men.Methods: In this quasi study, twenty inactive men (aged 21-30 years old), were randomly divided into beetroot juice + CrossFitt group (n = 10) or placebo + CrossFitt group (n = 10). All participants were performed CrossFit training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end week of the intervention, supplement group received 140 mL beetroot juice containing about 800 mg of NO3‒ per day. Exercise performances were evaluated before and after the intervention.Results: The results demonstrated that sprint, anaerobic power and vertical jump test were improved in the both groups (P<0.05), however no significant differences were observed between two groups. Peak aerobic power was increased in the both groups (P<0.05), while the increase of peak aerobic power was higher in the supplement group compare to the placebo group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Generally, we can conclude that CrossFit training caused improves exercise performance but the interaction of beetroot juice and CrossFit cannot enhance these performances.
Exercise Metabolism
nasrin ramezani; mahshid dezhan; Seyed Amirhossein Mortazavi; Mozhgan Baghaee Borzabadi; zahra ahadi; Saeideh Sadat Khalili
Abstract
Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in the world, and various methods such as exercise and physical activity are used to treat it. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training on serum glucose, insulin ,irisin and its gene expression in subcutaneous ...
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Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in the world, and various methods such as exercise and physical activity are used to treat it. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training on serum glucose, insulin ,irisin and its gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic rats. For this study, 20 males of the wistar male rat (8-10 weeks with a weight of 250-270 g) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of diabetic control and diabetic exercise. After the introductory course, the experimental group performed high-intensity exercise for 4 weeks, 5 days a week for 10 minutes as 1-minute interval at a speed of 30-40 meters per second. 48 hours after the last training session and after 12 hours of fasting, glucose and insulin values serum values and expression of irisin gene were measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. The results showed that 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training reduced serum glucose levels and insulin resistance index (p = 0.001), significantly increased serum values (p = 0.001) and expressed irisin gene (P = 0.004) in subcutaneous adipose tissue was controlled in the exercise group compared to the group.High-intensity interval training can reduce serum glucose levels and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic rats and increase serum levels and irisin gene expression in adipose tissue. it is suggested to use this type of exercises to reduce the problems caused by type 2 diabetes.
Response and adaptation to exercises
mehran hashemi; Agha Ali Ghasemnyian; akram karimi asl; samaneh hadi
Abstract
Background and Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two types of intense training on the levels of thioredoxin reductase-1 enzyme and malondialdehyde in testicular tissue of male wistar rats.Material and method:19 male Wistar rats,8weeks old and weighing200± 5g, after10 ...
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Background and Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two types of intense training on the levels of thioredoxin reductase-1 enzyme and malondialdehyde in testicular tissue of male wistar rats.Material and method:19 male Wistar rats,8weeks old and weighing200± 5g, after10 sessions of introducing training protocols and after weighing, were randomly divided into3groups(control, intense endurance training, intense training).Intense endurance training protocol included running on a treadmill for8 weeks and intense periodic training protocol included running on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session,the rats were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed and then the testicular tissue was isolated under sterile conditions.The amount of Thioredoxin Reductase-1 was determined by ELISA method and using a spectrophotometer and also the concentration of Malondialdehyde was determined by three Barbituric acid method using a spectrometer. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the data.Result:After8 weeks, the amount of Enzyme in the intense endurance training group and intense periodic training group increased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.05). Also,there was no significant change in the amount of Malondialdehyde in testicular tissue of the intense endurance training group and intense periodic training group compared to the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this research,it can be said that intense endurance training and intense periodic training has increased the amount of thioredoxin reductase-1 enzyme in a testicular tissue and by creating adaptation in the body's antioxidant system, has not increased malondialdehyde.
Response and adaptation to exercises
nazanin khosravaniyan; zahra mosallanezhad; mehrzad moghadasi; hadi bashafaat
Abstract
purpose: One of the new training methods to increase the performance of athletes is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). the aim of the present study was the effect of ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation on anaerobic performance of male cyclists. method: 12 male cyclists participated in ...
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purpose: One of the new training methods to increase the performance of athletes is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). the aim of the present study was the effect of ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation on anaerobic performance of male cyclists. method: 12 male cyclists participated in a randomized study with a crossover design. The tests of maximum power output and one kilometer cycling time trial were evaluated in the same laboratory conditions. All subjects consumed 60 grams of beetroot supplement and placebo for one week. There was a 7-day washout period between the two supplement and placebo periods.maximum power output and one kilometer time trial tests were performed along with the ischemic preconditioning method. Ischemic preconditioning for all subjects, including 4 periods of 5 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion using a cuff with a width of 15 cm and a pressure of 220 mmHg applied to the uppermost part of the legs. Shapiro-wilk test and repeated measurement were used to check the data. Findings: Ischemic preconditioning significantly increased maximum power compared to control (P=0.027). Although after taking red beet supplement and ischemic preconditioning, the maximum power output was higher than the control condition, but no statistically difference was observed (P=0.09). The time trial of one kilometer after ischemic preconditioning (P=0.014) and also after consumption of beetroot supplement along with ischemic preconditioning was significantly lower than the control condition (P=0.008). Conclusion: ischemic preconditioning and beetroot supplementation can improve anaerobic performance in adult male cyclists
Sports supplements
amir khosravi
Abstract
Objective: Aerobic training and Saffron has decreasing effects on apoptosis induced by exercise to exhaustion. The present study aims to investigate the Interactive effect of aerobic training with Saffron extract on BAX and Bcl2 proteins of cardiac tissue in trained rats following an aerobic exercise ...
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Objective: Aerobic training and Saffron has decreasing effects on apoptosis induced by exercise to exhaustion. The present study aims to investigate the Interactive effect of aerobic training with Saffron extract on BAX and Bcl2 proteins of cardiac tissue in trained rats following an aerobic exercise until exhaustion. Methods: This is a clinical trial, 48 Wistar male rats were assigned into following four groups (N=12): control )C) , Saffron extract) SE) , Aerobic training (AT) , Aerobic training + Saffron extract (AT+SE). Aerobic training was done for five times a week for 8 weeks. Saffron extract was administrated through oral gavage 100 mg.kg-1.day-1. The end of experiment, half of the rats was killed immediately before exhaustive training; on the other hand, remaining rats were killed immediately after performing an acute bout of exhaustive exercise on the treadmill. BAX and Bcl2 proteins levels were measured by ELISA method. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, with the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: following an exhausting BAX and Bcl2 proteins of cardiac tissue in the all groups Except in the AT+SE group were significantly increased and decreased respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training and use of saffron extract Each one alone or in combination with each other prevented the significant change of Bax and Bcl2 proteins and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio following an exhausting exercise.
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Bita Talebi; Bahman میرزایی
Abstract
Background. Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.Methods. ...
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Background. Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.Methods. Eight obese men (mean age: 25.75±2.37 years and BMI: 31.96±3.03 kg/m2) performed protocols of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and control (C) on separate days with a week. The HIIE protocol included six bouts of 1-minute running with intensity of 85% VO2max and 4 min active rest periods with intensity of 50% VO2max and the MICE protocol included 30 minutes running on treadmill with intensity of 65% VO2max which was matched with the HIIE protocol. Serum Galectin3 levels were measured by ELISA in 3 stages of before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 24 h after exercise.Reults. Immediately after exercise, HIIE and MICE resulted in a significant increase in serum Galectin3 compared to the control group (p
Physical activity, weight control and obesity
Sana Shurehkandi; MOSTAFA Khani; Elaheh Piralaiy; mahdi faramoushi
Abstract
Aim: Adipose tissue, as a metabolically active tissue, plays an important role in increasing inflammatory indices. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) with thyme extract supplementation on some inflammatory and anthropometric markers ...
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Aim: Adipose tissue, as a metabolically active tissue, plays an important role in increasing inflammatory indices. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) with thyme extract supplementation on some inflammatory and anthropometric markers in Tabriz city obese and overweight women. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental study, and its statistical population consisted of overweight and obese women. To investigate CRP, ESR, TNF-α, quality of life, and body composition, 40 people were selected voluntarily with an average age of 33.07 ± 4.79, weight 76.76 ± 5.63, and body profile 29.02 ± 1.74, and were randomly divided into four homogenous groups (10 people in each group): training, supplement, training+supplement group and placebo. HIIT was performed for two weeks with 80-95% of HRR and Azarbaijani thyme was used as a supplement in two times a day. The data was analyzed using analysis of covariance test in the significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference in CRP (F=15, P=0.0001), TNF-α (F=25.56, P=0.0001), ESR (F=47.7, P=0.0001) , BMI (F = 20.71, P = 0.01) and WHR (F = 10.16, P = 0.01) between groups.. But there was no significant difference in calf circumference (F = 0.56, P = 0.64). Conclusion: Short-term HIIT alone or in combination with thyme reduces inflammation (CRP, ESR and TNF-α) and improve some anthropometric indicies in obese and overweight women.
