Elaheh Talebi-Garakani; Sajad Aslani; Rozita Fathi; Alii Reza Safarzadeh; Fatemeh Roudbari
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 15-26
Abstract
Aim: Omentin-1 is an adipokine that is highly secreted in visceral adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue and increases insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8-week resistance training on omentin-1¬ plasma levels in insulin resistant male ...
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Aim: Omentin-1 is an adipokine that is highly secreted in visceral adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue and increases insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8-week resistance training on omentin-1¬ plasma levels in insulin resistant male rats. Method: Twenty-four Wistar male rats¬ with average weight¬ 161±23 gr were randomly divided into three groups: health control, insulin resistance control, insulin resistance training. After fructose-inducing insulin resistance to the two groups of insulin resistance control and insulin resistance training bleeding in all subjects was done then training group was exercised for 8 weeks (3d/wk). In the training protocol, a ladder was used on which rats carriedpen loads suspended from their tails. After the training session omentin-1, insulin, glucose, lipids profile plasma concentration and (HOMA-IR) index were measured. Results: The results of this study indicate that 8 weeks of resistance training can cause significant increase of omentin-1 and HDL-C plasma concentration in insulin resistance training group (P≤0.05) and insulin, glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, TG plasma concentration and (HOMA-IR) index were decreased. Conclusion: This study indicates that resistance training increases omentin-1 plasma concentration in insulin resistance rats and improves lipids and metabolic profile.
K Azali Alamadari; S Nasiri; Z Mohammadpour
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on serum Chemerin levels, inflammatory and cardio-metabolic risk factors in factors in midlife males complicated with metabolic syndrome.
Method: twenty six males with local Met criteria (age: 54.69±3.67 yrs., BMI: ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on serum Chemerin levels, inflammatory and cardio-metabolic risk factors in factors in midlife males complicated with metabolic syndrome.
Method: twenty six males with local Met criteria (age: 54.69±3.67 yrs., BMI: 31.21±1.23 kg/m2 and Vo2peak: 20.38±4.49 ml/kg.min) were randomly divided into aerobic training (n=14) and control (n=12) groups. Throughout eight weeks of training (3 sessions /week) the training load were increased from 15-20 min at 50-55% of HRpeak (end GXT heart rate) to 35-40 min at 60-65%. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 h after the intervention.
Results: Aerobic training induced significant reductions in all (except for HDL and Vo2peak) the investigated variables (P<0.05). At baseline, body weight and age were recognized as the most important predictors of serum Chemerin (P<0.05). Throughout the intervention period, the changes in blood glucose and CRP were the significant predictors of the concomitant changes in serum Chemerin levels (P<0.01), and the changes of Chemerin were the only predictor of the accompanying changes in CRP level (P<0.03). Conclusion: Chemerin reduces synchronously with the beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory indices as well as aerobic fitness level to be likely as the results from blood glucose and CRP modifications induced by aerobic training. However; more research remains to be done because of a little available evidence and limitations from this study.
Keywords: Aerobic training, Chemerin, CRP, Metabolic risk factor
Exercise Physiology
mehrzad moghadasi; Nasrin Mortazavi Imami
Abstract
Aim: Exercise is recommended for the management of type 2 diabetes, but its effects on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes are not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) ...
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Aim: Exercise is recommended for the management of type 2 diabetes, but its effects on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes are not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) of male patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Twenty-two men (age: 51.5 ± 3.3 years and body mass index: 27.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2 mean ± SD) with type 2 diabetes participated as the subject. The subjects were randomly assigned to control or training group based on their eGFR. The subjects in the training group performed 3 sets with 8 to 15 repetitions of resistance training with 50-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The subjects in the control group were instructed to maintain their normal physical activity throughout the study. Fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, eGFR and CD5L were measured at baseline and 48h after the intervention.Results: The results indicated that fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance index and CD5L decrease in the training group compare to the control group (P<0.05); however, fasting insulin has no significant change after the intervention. Although eGFR has no significant change in the training group; but it was decreased significantly in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: In summary, it seems that resistance training utilized in this study improves blood glycemic and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
yaser saberi; Amene Barjasteh yazdi; rambod khajeiei; Amir Rashidlamir
Abstract
Aim: Increasing age and sedentary lifestyle cause physiological obesity. Exercising and using some supplements can improve this condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 12weeks of aerobic-resistance training and complete consumption of ursolic acid on irisin levels and inflammatory ...
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Aim: Increasing age and sedentary lifestyle cause physiological obesity. Exercising and using some supplements can improve this condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 12weeks of aerobic-resistance training and complete consumption of ursolic acid on irisin levels and inflammatory factors in overweight middle-aged men.Materials and Methods:34 men in the semi-experimental design were randomly divided into three groups of combined exercise-supplement (one)12people, exercise-combination-placebo (two)12people, supplement group (three)10people. The training groups performed 12weeks, three sessions per week, consecutive days-separate aerobic exercises with an intensity of 60 to 75%HRmax and resistance exercises with an intensity of 60 to 75%1RM. Groups two and three received 450 mg of ursolic acid supplement in three meals daily. Blood samples were taken 24hours before the first and 48hours after the last training session.Results:Irisin levels increased which was significant between groups one and two (P = 0.001) and one and three (P = 0.001) but there was no significant difference between groups two and three. (P = 1). Also, IL6 and CRP levels decreased in three groups, this decrease in IL6 and CRP between groups one and two (P = 0.004), (P = 0.001) and one and three (P =0.004), (P = 0.001) respectively.it was significant but between two and three (P = 0.232), (P = 0.078) was not significantConclusion: The results showed that increasing irisin, decreasing inflammatory factors due to aerobic-resistance training and urosolic acid supplementation reduces fat levels and is useful for inactive overweight people.
H Faraji; S Dabbagh Nikookheslat
Abstract
Aim: The effect of concurrent training on the levels of hormone factors related to appetite and glucose metabolism are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three months of concurrent training on Nesfatin, Resistin, Visfatin and peptide YY levels in obese women. Method: Twenty-six ...
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Aim: The effect of concurrent training on the levels of hormone factors related to appetite and glucose metabolism are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three months of concurrent training on Nesfatin, Resistin, Visfatin and peptide YY levels in obese women. Method: Twenty-six healthy obese women (age: 24.74 ± 4.38 years, body mass index: 31.50 ± 3.64 kg/m2) were randomly selected to participate in this study; then randomly assigned in two experimental (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. The training program was performed for three months, three sessions (15 to 30 minutes per session) at 60% of maximum heart rate and intensity endurance exercise on a cycle ergometer at 60% of one repetition maximum endurance exercise in resistance exercise at the same time. Plasma nesfatin, resistin, visfatin and PYY levels were assessed before and 48 hours after the training period. Data were analyzed using depended and independent t test at P≤0.05. Results: Nesfatin and PYY levels in the experimental group significantly were higher in post- test compared to control group (P<0.05). Resistin and visfatin levels in the experimental group in post-test significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, concurrent training increases the levels of resistin and PYY, but decreases the visfatin and nesfatin levels. These training effects may have positive on appetite depressing and insulin resistance; also have prevent the incidence of obesity and diabetes problems.
Exercise Physiology
Fateme Mokhtari; Elahe Talebi Garakani; Khadije Nasiri; Abolfazl Akbari
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous and high intensity interval training with silymarin consumption on liver enzymes and histological modifications in rats with dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Method: Male rats were initially divided into ...
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous and high intensity interval training with silymarin consumption on liver enzymes and histological modifications in rats with dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Method: Male rats were initially divided into 2 groups: normal and exposed to dexamethasone. Dexamethasone group were randomly divided into 6 groups. control (C), Silymarin (S), continues training (CT), and continues training+silymarin (CTS), high intensity interval training (HIT), high intensity interval training+Silymarin (HITS). Silymarin groups, received 300 mg. kg-1.d-1 of silymarin solution through gavage. Animals in HIT groups performed 3-min bouts at 40 m/min, interspersed by 3-min active recovery at a running velocity of 20 m/min on a motorized treadmill with 15% incline, repeated six times per session. Continues training groups performed steady state running at the same speed as the active recovery's speed in the HIT group. Liver histological modifications and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured. Results: Silymarin consumption and aerobic training were able to improve histological changes compared with control group. Interactive effect of silymarin supplementation and training on AST and ALT levels was not significant. Silymarin reduced liver AST and ALT levels (p≤0.05). Also, AST levels were significantly higher in HIT group than in control group (p≤0.05). The amount of this enzyme in the HITS was significantly reduced compared to HIT group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Silymarin supplementation and aerobic training separately and in combination may improve liver histological status of rats with dexamethasone-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver.
A Khodamoradi; E Talebi Garakani; F Mir Mohammad Rezaei; R Fathi
Abstract
Aim: Excessed energy is stored as triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipose tissue within various organs. In order to reduce excessed fat storage, the utilization of fat storage must be increased to produce energy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks progressive resistance training ...
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Aim: Excessed energy is stored as triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipose tissue within various organs. In order to reduce excessed fat storage, the utilization of fat storage must be increased to produce energy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks progressive resistance training on expression of proteins involved in skeletal muscle tissue lipolysis in rats feed with sucrose solution. Method: 32 male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups, the first group took sucrose solution 30%, the second group did not. After 4 weeks, each group divided into exercise and control groups. Exercise groups performed a progressive resistance training protocol 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Tissue samples were taken 2 days after the last session. HSL, Perilipin and LXRα protein expression were determined by Western blot. To evaluate the difference between the variable and the interaction between them, two-way ANOVA at the significant level of P˂0.05 was used. Results: Protein levels of HSL and Perilipin were increased in the exercise group compared to control (P˂0.001), but LXRα levels were unchanged. The effect of sucrose solution alone and the interaction between the consumption of sucrose and progressive resistance training on the expression of these proteins in muscle tissue were not significant. Conclusion: The results show that although the 8 weeks of progressive resistance training significantly increased the expression of some proteins involved in lipolysis, but these changes are not related to the consumption of sucrose solution.
Reza Rezaee Shirazi; Fatemeh Hossini
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 47-58
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of continuous and intermittent aerobic training on Visfatin and insulin resistance plasma levels in 17-25 years obese males.
Method: Fifty participants (age: 22.05±3.9 years; weight: 89.85±12.8 kg; height: 176.7±10.09 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of continuous and intermittent aerobic training on Visfatin and insulin resistance plasma levels in 17-25 years obese males.
Method: Fifty participants (age: 22.05±3.9 years; weight: 89.85±12.8 kg; height: 176.7±10.09 cm) were randomly divided into continuous and intermittent aerobic groups. The continuous aerobic group performed the training protocol with 60 to 80 percent of Vo2max and the intermittent aerobic group with 55 to 85 percent of Vo2max for 60 minutes in session, 5 days per week. Fasting plasma Visfatin and insulin levels were measured by ELISA and fasting plasma glucose was measured by a enzymatic method. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR formula. The significance of the effects of training were assessed by the dependent t-test and post-test significance between groups was assessed using the independent t-test (P≤0.05).
Results: Findings have shown that the eight weeks of continuous aerobic training significantly decreased visfatin plasma levels and insulin resistance resting levels (P≤0.05), and the eight weeks of intermittent aerobic training were significantly decreased in visfatin plasma levels (P≤0.05) and insulin resistance resting levels (P≤0.05), but there was no significant decrease between post-tests in visfatin plasma levels and insulin resistance resting levels.
Conclusion: The eight-week continuous and intermittent aerobic training programs may effect to reduce visfatin plasma level and insulin resistance resting that related to decrease of body mass index.
Key words: Exercise, Glucose, Fasting insulin, Visceral fat.
Parvin Khodadadi; Hamid Mohebbi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 99-108
Abstract
Aim: Irisin mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on energy metabolism. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise order on serum irisin and blood lactate ...
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Aim: Irisin mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on energy metabolism. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise order on serum irisin and blood lactate concentration in overweight women. Method: Eight overweight women (age, 41.6±4.5 years; height, 161±0.1 cm; weight, 73.8±4.5 kg; BMI, 28.6±1 kg/m2) performed 2 exercise sessions separated by one week using a randomized cross-over design. The two sessions were composed of the same exercises performed in the opposite exercise order including: exercise order from large to small muscles (leg press, chest press, rows, leg extension, overhead press, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps extension) or small to large muscles (reverse sequence from large to small muscles). All exercises were performed with %80 1RM in 3 sets with 10 repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between the sets and exercises. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise at each session. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and Pearson̕ s correlation coefficient. Results: A significant increase was observed in the serum irisin and blood lactate immediately after both resistance exercise orders (P≤0.05). Blood lactate concentration after exercise order from large to small muscles significantly higher than exercise order from small to large muscles (P≤0.05), while, serum irisin changes were no significant between exercise orders. As well as, there was positive and significant correlation between lactate and irisin in both resistance exercise orders (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Resistance exercise can lead to increase serum irisin in overweight women, that this enhancement is independent of exercise order.
E Akbarzadeh; H Mohebbi
Abstract
Aim: The body weight is controlled by the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure and also, the amount of exercise-induced weight loss, depends on the amount of the food intake. Milk has also been shown to be more satiating compared to carbohydrate drinks. Therefore the aim of this study ...
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Aim: The body weight is controlled by the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure and also, the amount of exercise-induced weight loss, depends on the amount of the food intake. Milk has also been shown to be more satiating compared to carbohydrate drinks. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milk consumption following exercise on appetite and energy intake in non-athlete females.
Method: Eight healthy non-athlete women (aged 23.25±2.19 years, BMI 21.71±2.42 Kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study. The Subjects attended the laboratory on three separate randomized trials (there were 3 weeks between trials) during their follicular phase. After consuming a standardized breakfast at 08:00 a.m, 30 minutes continuous exercise was conducted on the cycle ergometer at 65% of the subject’s heart rate reserve. In one trial, the effect of exercise and in the other two trials, the effect of exercise and consuming 600ml of low-fat milk or orange juice (276 Kcal), were investigated on appetite and energy intake. The subject’s energy intake were calculated 60 minutes after exercise or drink ingestion. Also appetite sensations (hunger, fullness, satiety and desire to eat) were assessed using visual analogue scale.
Results: Absolute and relative energy intake were reduced significantly after consuming milk compared with two other trials (exercise,exercise+orange juice)(p<0.05). In addition, consuming milk after exercise in comparison with other trials, caused significant reduction in hunger and desire to eat and it also caused significant increase in fullness and satiety(p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that consuming milk could be useful for controlling the appetite after exercise. Moreover, it could be a part of the strategies for weight control programs.
Alireza Safarzade; Amin Basiri
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 109-119
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in plasma C reactive protein (CRP) and Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels following 8 weeks of circuit resistance training in obese men. Methodology: Twenty six obese men (age; 36.8±7.9 yr, weight; 92.8±10.8 kg, and BMI; 31.5±2.8 ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in plasma C reactive protein (CRP) and Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels following 8 weeks of circuit resistance training in obese men. Methodology: Twenty six obese men (age; 36.8±7.9 yr, weight; 92.8±10.8 kg, and BMI; 31.5±2.8 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study, and were divided into control (n=13) and resistance training (n=13) groups. Subjects in training group performed eight weeks circuit resistance training with 50-85% 1RM (3 days/week). Anthropometrics parameters, as well as plasma levels of CRP and SAA were measured at the baseline and at the end of study. Results: Eight weeks of resistance training induced significant reduction in body weight, BMI and body fat percentage (P≤0.05). Significant reduction in plasma CRP concentration was found in compare with control group (P≤0.05). Plasma SAA levels increased in both control and training groups when compared with baseline levels (P≤0.05), But there was no significant difference in SAA levels changes between two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that circuit resistance training decreases plasma CRP levels, associated with improved in body composition in obese men.
Z Rostami Hashjin; R Amirsasan; S Nikoukheslat; V Sari-Sarraf
Abstract
Aim: Irisin is one of the factors that mediate beneficial effects of exercise on adipose tissue conversion, uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) and metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) with Turmeric supplementation on Irisin, ...
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Aim: Irisin is one of the factors that mediate beneficial effects of exercise on adipose tissue conversion, uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) and metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) with Turmeric supplementation on Irisin, UCP1 and body composition in obese females. Method: Thirty obese women (BMI=33.08±1.78 kg.m-2) age range of 20-25 years in quasi-experimental study with pre-post testing design, were selected purposefully and were randomly divided into two homogeneous groups of 15 participants: HIIT+placebo, and HIIT+Turmeric supplementation (3 milligram curcumin per kilogram body weight per day). Preparation period performed for 3 weeks and HIIT performed for six weeks (4 sessions per week). Blood samples were taken, before and 24 hours after last exercise session in the follicular phase. Serum irisin and UCP1 were measured by ELISA method. Results: In both groups, irisin levels, subcutaneous fat and BMI significantly decreased (P<0.05), and UCP1 levels and VO2max significantly increased after nine weeks intervention (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for irisin, UCP1, total subcutaneous fat, BMI and VO2max values. Conclusion: Six weeks high intensity interval training with turmeric supplementation probably could improve body composition by decreasing Irisin and increasing UCP1 levels.
A Barjaste Yazdi; MA Azarbayjani; H Matin Homaee; M Peeri; F Torabi; Z Ramezani
Abstract
Aim: Although obesity is becoming epidemic all around the world, the effort to reduce its prevalence has not been effective. Thus, there is a need to find further paths to prevent obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of endurance training and adenosine on the A1AR gene expression ...
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Aim: Although obesity is becoming epidemic all around the world, the effort to reduce its prevalence has not been effective. Thus, there is a need to find further paths to prevent obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of endurance training and adenosine on the A1AR gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue of obese male rats Method: Twenty wistar strain male rats were fed with high-fat food for twelve weeks and reached the average weight of 319+-30 grams. The rats were divided randomly into four groups after being conformed. The exercise training session included running on the treadmill with no slope for 12 week. Each week, five sessions were held for 15-31 minutes with the speed of 20-25 meters per minute. In order to measure the relative gene expression of A1AR, the PCR method was used. The data was analyzed using the statistical method of two-way analysis of variance. Results: both variable of endurance training and adenosine consumption (independently) demonstrated a significant decrease in the A1AR gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue. (P=0.001). Also, the intraction of training and adenosine affects significant reduction of the A1AR expression. Conclusion: Endurance training and adenosine are strong stimulants of adipose tissue lipolysis as A1AR antagonists and have the potential to be used as effective lipolysis agents in obesity Keywords: Endurance Training, A1AR, Visceral White Adipose Tissue.
Zahra Asadi Samani; SeyadMohammad Marandi; Hosin Molavi; Katayon Rabiei; Mohsen Mohammad Sadeghi; Jalil Raeisi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 129-139
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Cardiac disorder is a disease that affected many people. This disease not only affects the body but also results in depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two months exercise rehabilitation on anxiety and somatisation of CABG patients.
Method: ...
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Abstract
Aim: Cardiac disorder is a disease that affected many people. This disease not only affects the body but also results in depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two months exercise rehabilitation on anxiety and somatisation of CABG patients.
Method: Our subjects were 60 patients that were under surgery in one of the city’s main hospitals. From these, 930 patients who went to cardiovascular research center were put in the exercise rehabilitation group and 30 patients who did not go to rehabilitation were put to the control group. Then rehabilitation group performed 90 minutes exercise session 3 times per week for 8 weeks and the control group did not experience any beneficial physical activities. Subjects completed the SAS questionnaire before and after the rehabilitation program.In doing so we were able to assess the amount of anxiety and somatisation.
Results: The findings demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in anxiety in exercise rehabilitation group compare to the control group (p=0.014). In addition, we observed reduction in somatisation but it was not statistically significant (p= 0.25).
Conclusion: Exercise rehabilitation may be a good method to prevent mental disorder and modify the post effects of coronary artery bypass surgery.
Key words: Exercise rehabilitation, Anxiety, Somatisation, CABG patients
٭E-mail: Zahra_sdy@yahoo.com
Afshar Jafari; Ali Zarghami Khameneh
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 141-153
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of one-bout exhaustive resistance exercise on some muscular damage markers in serum of male volleyball players after different dosage of caffeine intake.
Method: Thirty male volleyball players (mean aged 21.47±1.45 years, fat 10.47±3.11 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of one-bout exhaustive resistance exercise on some muscular damage markers in serum of male volleyball players after different dosage of caffeine intake.
Method: Thirty male volleyball players (mean aged 21.47±1.45 years, fat 10.47±3.11 % and BMI 23.15±1.26 kg.m2) in a randomized semi experiment and double-blind design were allocated in three groups: supplementing groups (with 6 and 9 mg.kg-1 caffeine) and placebo group (6 mg.kg-1 dextrose). After the supplementation, all subjects were participated in one-single-session resistance weight-training (with 80% of one repetition maximum until exhaustion). Changes in muscular damage indices (total serum CK and LDH) were determined in three phases (Baseline, immediately and 24 hours after the training protocol). The normal data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni at P≤0.05.
Results: The results showed different dosage of caffeine intake had no significant effect on increased level of muscular damage serum enzymes immediately after exercise compared with the placebo group. Also, exhaustive resistance exercise increased levels of 24-hour CK and LDH significantly in all groups (P≤0.05). However, different dosage of caffeine intake had not effect on increased levels of muscle damage markers after 24 hours of exercise.
Conclusion: Based on the present findings and the execss intake of different dosage of caffeine probabley can not prevent further damage and in intraction with resistante exercise can not lead to escalation the indirect indices of muscle damage in compared with the placebo group.
Keywords: Resistance Exercise, Creatine kinase, Lactate dehydrogenase,
Caffeine
Payman Salimi; Dariyosh Sheikholeslami Vatani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 165-176
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of present study was to examine the influence of acute resistance exercise orders on response serum leptin and testosterone in overweight young men.
Method: Fourteen young men (mean age: 21.36±1.25 years and BMI: 27.95±1.88 kg/m2) were selected randomly and completed two sessions ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of present study was to examine the influence of acute resistance exercise orders on response serum leptin and testosterone in overweight young men.
Method: Fourteen young men (mean age: 21.36±1.25 years and BMI: 27.95±1.88 kg/m2) were selected randomly and completed two sessions of resistance exercise.The Exercise protocol consisted of two different protocols ]protocol A: from large to small muscles (Leg press, bench press, Lat Pull-down, overhead press, biceps curl, triceps extension (and Protocol B: from small to large muscles (Reverse Sequence of protocol B [(and with %85 of one repetition maximum (1RM) were done. For this purpose in first session randomly, half of the subjects performed protocol A and the other subjects completed the protocol B. One and two minutes rest intervals were set between sets and exercises movement, respectively. One week after, in the second session, subject’s protocols were contrary. Blood samples were collected before the exercise, immediately and 30 minutes after each exercise protocol. Hormone measurements were performed using radio immune-assay (RIA).
Results: By using ANOVA with repeated measure (within and between subject effects) the results indicated that serum leptin concentrations in both protocols, was decreased significantly immediately and 30 minutes after exercise (P≤0.05). So, the testosterone concentration decreased significantly immediately (protocol B) and 30 minutes after exercise (in both protocol) (P≤0.05). While, there was no differences between sessions for leptin and testosterone. Moreover, there was correlation between leptin and testosterone in order B and not in order A (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Overall findings showed that the large or small muscles order used at the beginning of the exercise do not affect on the secretion hormone leptin and testosterone. Although, more research is needed to prove the link between these two hormones.
Key words: Exercise order, Leptin, Testosterone, Acute resistance exercise
Hamid Mohebbi; Arsalan Damirchi; Faras Hosseino; Farhad Rahmani nia
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was comparison between of two resistance training protocols, double pyramid and flat pyramid loading pattern, on physical fitness and body composition in young soccer players.
Method: Therefore, 39 young soccer players from Syrian super league were divided randomly ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was comparison between of two resistance training protocols, double pyramid and flat pyramid loading pattern, on physical fitness and body composition in young soccer players.
Method: Therefore, 39 young soccer players from Syrian super league were divided randomly into three; control (age: 17.76±0.6 years, weight: 71.9±4 kg, height: 176.2±5 cm and VO2max: 40.7±1.4 ml/kg/min), double pyramid (age 17.46±0.63 years, weight: 71.9±6 kg, height: 176.1±6.7 cm and VO2max 41.2±2) and flat pyramid (age: 18.16±0.83 years, weight: 73.8±7.3 kg, height176.1±5.8 cm and VO2max: 42.3±3.6 ml/kg/min) resistance training groups. The training groups participated 3 times/wk for 8 weeks in resistance training sessions in addition to daily common soccer training sessions. The control group participated only in daily common training sessions. Results: Muscle strength was improved significantly in both double pyramid and flat pyramid loading groups after eight weeks of training (P
Mohammad Mahdi Bagherpour Tabalvandani; Mohammad Reza Fadaei; Alireza Elmieh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic resistance training on the growth of muscle fibers, testosterone and androgen receptors in male rats of different age groups. 30 male Wistar rats, child (n=10), young (n=10) and elderly (n=10), were divided into two groups of training and control ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic resistance training on the growth of muscle fibers, testosterone and androgen receptors in male rats of different age groups. 30 male Wistar rats, child (n=10), young (n=10) and elderly (n=10), were divided into two groups of training and control Exercise were performed intermittently, one day for resistance and one day for aerobic for 6 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, anesthesia, blood sampling and then were killed and then gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were extracted. Blood serum was also isolated and then blood testosterone was measured by ELISA, muscle growth was measured by light microscopy and gene expression of androgen receptors was measured using Real-time pcr. The results showed that the cross- sectional of muscle fiber in all three training groups of ages contains: child (p=0.001), young (p=0.003) and elderly (p=0.001) were more than control groups. There were no significant difference in serum testosterone between training and control groups of child (p=0.6), while serum testosterone in young (p=0.008) and elderly (p=0.001) training groups were more than controls. Also there were no significant difference in expression of androgen receptors between training and control groups of child (p=0.3), young (p=0.3) and elderly (p=0.8). The results showed that resistance-aerobic exercise can cause muscle hypertrophy at different ages by increasing testosterone concentration. Resistance-aerobic training can accelerate the growth process and also prevent muscle atrophy in old age.
Nader Shavandi; Abbas Saremi; Saeideh Tabibirad
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Endothelial dysfunction is considered an important event in atherosclerosis improvement. On the other hand, diabetes is also associated with endothelial dysfunction. Among the endothelial dysfunction factors, vascular cell adhesion molecule can be mentioned. The purpose of this study was ...
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Abstract
Aim: Endothelial dysfunction is considered an important event in atherosclerosis improvement. On the other hand, diabetes is also associated with endothelial dysfunction. Among the endothelial dysfunction factors, vascular cell adhesion molecule can be mentioned. The purpose of this study was the effect of aerobic exercise on VCAM-1 and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetes women.
Method: Sixteen women suffering type 2 diabetes (aged: 50.81±7.87, weight: 75.82±15.27 kg) were randomly divided in aerobic (n=11) and control (n=5) groups. The aerobic group exercised for 8 weeks in 45-60 min sessions 3 time a week with 60% HRR. Blood samples were obtained after 10-12 overnight fasting for measuring VCAM-1 serum and insulin levels at pre-and post-exercise training. Statistical analysis was done by independent t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between aerobic and control groups in VCAM-1 serum levels (P
Exercise Physiology
Fahimeh Mehrabani; farhad rahmani nia; Javad Mehrabani; Nasrin Razavianzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the accumulation of fat in the liver increases. Exercise training can improve the condition by preventing excessive accumulation of fat in the liver as a non-pharmacological intervention and preventing the progression of ...
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Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the accumulation of fat in the liver increases. Exercise training can improve the condition by preventing excessive accumulation of fat in the liver as a non-pharmacological intervention and preventing the progression of the disease to chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combined exercises training with two intensities on FGF-21, insulin resistance, liver enzymes and body composition of women with fatty liver.Materials and Methods: 33 women with NAFLD with a mean age of 57.7 ± 45.43 years and a body mass index of 84.32 6 6 kg/m2 randomly divided into three equal groups; aerobic interval training (AIT); high intensity interval training (HIIT); and controls. The training program was performed for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The variables were measured before and after the training program. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures (p< 0.05). Results: The results showed that HOMA-IR index and serum FGF-21 were significantly reduced in the combined training groups compared to the control (p<0.05). No significant effect or difference was observed in ALT and AST enzyme levels. Also, a significant decrease in body fat percentage was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that women with NAFLD are likely to be able to use both combined resistance training intensity and moderate to severe interval as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce fat percentage and improve insulin and FGF-21 resistance.
Exercise Physiology
Maryam Kafi; khadijeh irandoust
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the progression of colon cancer in rats and changes in the effects of IGF1 and myostatin on muscle tissue and the shape of fluctuations in atrophy and muscle wasting. Methods: The subjects ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the progression of colon cancer in rats and changes in the effects of IGF1 and myostatin on muscle tissue and the shape of fluctuations in atrophy and muscle wasting. Methods: The subjects of this study included 25 male Wistar rats (weight: 250± 30 g, age: 12 weeks) which were homogenized by weight and randomly divided into 5 groups (5 heads in each group) of healthy controls. Cancer control group, cancer group + quercetin supplement, cancer group + aerobic exercise, cancer group + quercetin supplement + aerobic exercise was evaluated. Measurements of IGF1 and myostatin in muscle tissue of rats were performed according to the standard and ELISA method. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of aerobic training in muscle tissue of mice with colon cancer had a significant effect on the mean values of myostatin (p = 0.005) and IGF1 (p = 0.019). 8 weeks of quercetin supplementation in muscle tissue of mice with colon cancer had a significant effect on mean myostatin and mean values IGF (P <0.05) in the control and experimental groups (8 weeks of quercetin supplementation) had no significant effect on mean myostatin and IGF1. (P>0/05) Conclusion: In general, the findings showed that aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation improve IGF1 and reduce myostatin in muscle tissue of mice with colon cancer.
Faegheh Khosh-khahesh; Marefat Siahkohian; Babak Nokhostin Rohi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 23-32
Abstract
AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute celecoxib administration on exercise-induced inflammation and lipid peroxidation markers.
Method: Twenty untrained, healthy male (age; 25.5±4.5 yr, weight; 72.8±7.9 kg, height; 177.3± 7.2 cm) were randomly assigned to treatment ...
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AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute celecoxib administration on exercise-induced inflammation and lipid peroxidation markers.
Method: Twenty untrained, healthy male (age; 25.5±4.5 yr, weight; 72.8±7.9 kg, height; 177.3± 7.2 cm) were randomly assigned to treatment (T) and placebo (P) groups. Blood samples were taken before, immediately, 3h and 24h after exercise. Subjects ran for 30 minutes with 75% VO2max on treadmill and 100 mg celecoxib and placebo administrated immediately and 12h after the second blood sampling to T and P groups respectively. White blood cells (WBC) and creatine kinas (CK) were measured by an autoanalyzer and malondealdehyde (MDA) by HPLC. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with bonferoni correction and unpaired t-test.
Results: WBC levels were significantly increased 3h and decreased 24h after exercise in both groups (P≤0.05), while there was no difference between the two groups, though WBC levels were lower 24h after exercise in the T group than P group. CK levels were significantly increased immediately, 3h and 24h after exercise in both groups (P≤0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups, though CK levels were increased 24h after exercise in the T group than P group. MDA levels were significantly increased immediately after exercise in both groups (P≤0.05) but there was no difference between the two groups, though MDA levels were increased 24h after exercise in T group than P group.
Conclusion: Acute celecoxib administration could not affect inflammation and oxidative stress markers.Key words: Celecoxib, Lipid peroxidation, Inflammation
Reza Rezaee Shirazi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 23-34
Abstract
Aim: The main objective of the study was to consider the impact of 12 weeks high intensity interval training on plasma Adiponectin, Leptin and insulin resistance in 20-35 years old obese males with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Method: In this study researchers used of thirty eight participants with means ...
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Aim: The main objective of the study was to consider the impact of 12 weeks high intensity interval training on plasma Adiponectin, Leptin and insulin resistance in 20-35 years old obese males with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Method: In this study researchers used of thirty eight participants with means of age 28.5±6.2 yrs, weight 95.4±11.8 kg and height 178.6±14.7 cm were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (N=18) and control (N=20) groups. The experimental group performed high intensity interval training for 36 sessions and 3 days per week. Intensity of training in the first session was determined with 90% of peak power output in subjects and 115% of peak power output in last session. The protocol training was 10 sets of 60 seconds repetitions of pedaling a bicycle ergometer with 60 seconds rest to 15% peak power output during exercise. Once normal distribution of collected data has been analyzed by K-S test, the pre and post mean difference significant has been analyzed by using t-paired test (p≤0.05). Results: After 12 weeks high intensity interval training in obese males with fatty liver, the results have shown a significant decrease in Leptin level, and a significant decrease in Insulin resistance level (p<0.05). However, the Adiponectin level had shown a significant increase between pre-test and post-test (p≤0.05). Conclusion: : Finally, the results have shown that12 weeks high intensity interval training in obese males with fatty liver could change Adiponectin, Leptin and Insulin resistance levels. Also, any decrease in body mass index and weight, resulted in disorder improvement.
Ali Reza Safarzade; Fahimeh Shafiee; Elaheh Talebi-Garakani; Rozita Fathi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 27-38
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on plasma vaspin concentration and insulin resistance index in sedentary overweight women. Methods: Twenty six sedentary overweight women (aged: 43.1 ± 12.6 year, weight: 73.4 ± 10.0 kg, BMI: 29.1 ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on plasma vaspin concentration and insulin resistance index in sedentary overweight women. Methods: Twenty six sedentary overweight women (aged: 43.1 ± 12.6 year, weight: 73.4 ± 10.0 kg, BMI: 29.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in an 8-weeks aerobic exercise training program included running with 40- 80% reserve heart rate, 20- 45 min/day. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters in addition to plasma vaspin concentration were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of the training program. To compare changes in variables according to body composition alterations, we divided the subjects into responders (defined as participants who lost ≥1% of baseline body fat percentage), and non-responders (defined as participants with no change or <1% reduction in body fat percentage). Results: After 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training we did not find any significant changes in plasma vaspin concentration. Nevertheless, body weight and body fat percentage decreased significantly (P≤0.05) and plasma vaspin concentrations increased significantly (P≤0.05) in responders, but not in non-responders. Changes in plasma vaspin concentrations were significantly correlated with changes in plasma insulin and glucose levels, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) only in non-responders. Conclusions: This study indicated that reduction in body fat percentage induced by aerobic exercise training could be an effective factor to increase plasma vaspin levels in sedentary overweight women.
R Fathi; M Baghersalimi; M Nazemi; A Khosravi
Abstract
Aim: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been proposed as a bridge between obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in serum levels of DPP-4 and HOMA2-IR after eight weeks of interval and continuous-walking in 9-11 year-old obese girls. Method: thirty two-obese ...
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Aim: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been proposed as a bridge between obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in serum levels of DPP-4 and HOMA2-IR after eight weeks of interval and continuous-walking in 9-11 year-old obese girls. Method: thirty two-obese girls (age: 9.62±0.75 years and BMI-percentile: 97.38±1.40%) volunteered in this study and were assigned to interval (n=12), continuous (n=11) and control (n=9) groups. The training were performed for 8-weeks, 3-sessions per week (30-min walking in the continuous and interval groups with 60-75%HRmax and 70-85%HRmax, respectively). Interval-walking included 2-min of walking and 1-min of active rest. After 10-hours of fasting, blood sampling was performed before the beginning of training and 72-hours after the last session. The paired t-test was used to examine the within-group changes. Results: Eight weeks of continuous and interval training did not significantly change the levels of DPP-4, insulin, glucose, and HOMA2-IR compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the interval training resulted in improvement of the body weight, BMI, and BMI percentile (p=0.004, p=0.019, p=0.022), while the BMI only tended to decrease in the continuous training group (p=0.077). Conclusion: It seems that the improvement of the body composition due to the protocol used in this study was not sufficient to make significant changes in the HOMA2-IR and DPP-4 in early-pubertal obese girls.
