Mohammad Reza Fadaei chafy; Farhad Rahmani-Nia; Hamid Mohebbi; Saed Mohsen Maddah
Volume 4, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on leptin and testosterone in obese boys’ serum at different pubertal stages. Method: The cross-sectional study had a pre-test- post-test design. The subjects included 36 obese boys aged 12 to 17 years, who according ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on leptin and testosterone in obese boys’ serum at different pubertal stages. Method: The cross-sectional study had a pre-test- post-test design. The subjects included 36 obese boys aged 12 to 17 years, who according to the Tanner index, were in the stage of puberty of TS2 to TS5. The subjects were divided in to two groups, TS2, 3 (n=19, age: 13.4±0.94 years, Weight: 76.61±16.7 kg, BMI: 29.41±5.22 kg/m2) and TS4, 5 (n=17, age: 14.9±1.48 years, Weight: 93.57±16.48 kg, BMI: 30.92±3.88 kg/m2), each divided into aerobic exercise and control groups. After anthropometric measurements, fasting serum’s leptin and testosterone levels were measured. The aerobic exercise group completed 12 weeks of running, three times a week 30 minutes on average with an intensity of 60 to 85 percent of maximum heart rate. A pedometer was used to measure the level of physical activity and N4 software was used for measurement of energy intake. The statistical t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: Lean body mass increased and body fat percent decreased significantly in aerobic exercise group at both stages of puberty (P≤0.05). In aerobic exercise group decrease in BMI and body fat, was only significant in TS4, 5 (P≤0.05). serum leptin levels decreased at different stages of puberty and was at only significant in aerobic exercise group (P≤0.05); but its changes in aerobic exercise and control groups at each stage of puberty wasn’t significant. Analysis of variance showed that puberty affects leptin changes (P≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between the effect of aerobic exercise on leptin decrease and changes in testosterone in both groups (TS4, 5 and TS2, 3 ) Conclusion: The results indicated that aerobic exercise in obese adolescent boys can lead to favorable changes in body composition, along with decreased serum’s leptin. However, part of these changes result from the normal maturation process that can lead to different responses to aerobic training, though due to the low number of subjects showing it about serum’s leptin, was not possible.
masume Kazemi; Sayad Mohmmad Marandi; Ahmand Movahedian Attar; Hosin Mohammadian; Hamid Reza Sharifi Jebeli
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present investigation is evaluate the effect of L- Arginine supplements on the oxidative and nitrosative stress in liver of rats following acute exercise on a treadmill. Method: Thirty two male Vistar rats (160-210 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control (C); L-Arg treatment ...
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Aim: The aim of the present investigation is evaluate the effect of L- Arginine supplements on the oxidative and nitrosative stress in liver of rats following acute exercise on a treadmill. Method: Thirty two male Vistar rats (160-210 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control (C); L-Arg treatment (Arg); exhaustive exercise (E); and exhaustive exercise with L-Arg treatment (E + Arg). E and E+Arg groups performed a 1 hour acute running test, or until exhaustion on a treadmill (16-26 m/min) and Arg and E+Arg groups treated orally with the L-Arg (2% diet, for 30 days). Sampling was performed 1 hour after exercise. Nitric oxide production was evaluated by measuring nitrite formation, using Griess reagent. oxidant-Antioxidant’s ratio was measured as TOS/ TAC levels. Results: According to the means of the oxidant-antioxidant’s balance (E)=0.91±0.12, (SC+Arg)=0.92 0.04 and (E+Arg)=0.91±0.09, TOS/TAC decreased in (E), (SC+Arg) and (E+Arg) groups compared with control group (SC); however, this decrease was not significant. And the results showed nitric oxide in (SC) group (mean=9.01 6.31 ) was more than other groups, but there was no significant change in there. Conclusion: The results of the present study didn’t show existence of oxidative-nitrosative stress and supplementation effect in muscle 1 h after acute exercise.
H Arazi; N Dehlavinejad
Abstract
Aim: Due to improved Anaerobic performance following creatine or caffeine supplementation and ambiguity and contradiction regarding consecutive effect of creatine and caffeine supplementation, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of creatine and caffeine consecutive supplementation on ...
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Aim: Due to improved Anaerobic performance following creatine or caffeine supplementation and ambiguity and contradiction regarding consecutive effect of creatine and caffeine supplementation, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of creatine and caffeine consecutive supplementation on lactate and adrenaline, cortisol, insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) hormones response to anaerobic test in young female handball players. Method: 30 club female handball players were randomly assigned to 4 groups: placebo, creatine (Cr group consumed 20 g of creatine, 4 doses 5 g per day for 7 days), caffeine (capsule containing 6 mg/kg Caff) and creatine-caffeine (Cr group consumed 20 g of creatine, 4 doses 5 g per day for 7 days and capsule containing 6 mg/kg Caff). 50 minutes following ingestion of the capsules (Caff/Placebo), 5ml blood sample obtained from brachial vein subjects to measure aforementioned hormones and values recorded as pre-test. Then, subjects performed the RAST protocol. Again, blood samplings were taken immediately following the protocol and as post-test values were recorded. Results: Changes of plasma levels of lactate in creatine group at posttest was higher than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference in serum levels of cortisol between intervention groups and serum levels of adrenaline in caffeine group at posttest was higher than the control group. Also, serum levels of IGF-1 in caffeine group was lower than the control group. Moreover, fatigue index and maximum power in caffeine group were higher than the control group and compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Consecutive consumption of creatine and caffeine on lactate and anabolic-catabolic hormones response likely had not ergogenic effect and only lactate response in creatine group and hormonal changes and anaerobic performance in caffeine group were significant.
A Abbasi; M Faramarzi; M Ghatreh Samani; E Bbanitalebi
Abstract
Aim: NLRP-3 Inflammasome is considered an indicator of chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which can result in secretion of IL-1β from adipose tissue. Despite numerous investigations on the underlying activation mechanisms of NLRP-3 in pathogenesis of T2DM, less ...
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Aim: NLRP-3 Inflammasome is considered an indicator of chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which can result in secretion of IL-1β from adipose tissue. Despite numerous investigations on the underlying activation mechanisms of NLRP-3 in pathogenesis of T2DM, less attention has been paid to the impact of exercise on NLRP-3. Method: Male stereptpzosin-induces diabetic rats (n=40) were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8): diabetic+ low intensity endurance training (DL), diabetic+ moderate intensity endurance training (DM), diabetic+ high intensity endurance training (DH), non-diabetic with no training(CON), and diabetic with no training(D). Eight weeks of running (four sessions per week) with different intensities were completed. Western blotting method was used to measure NLRP3. ELISA technique was used to assess serum levels of insulin and glucose. Results: Results showed that expression of NLRP-3 protein were significantly lower in endurance DM (P<0.05) and endurance DH (P<0.05) groups against DL group. Caspase-1 expression was significantly lower in DL (P=0.001), DM (P<0.05), and DH (P<0.05) compared with D group. However, no significant different was found between the training groups. Serum insulin level was significantly lower in endurance DH group compared with endurance DL group (P<0.05).In comparison with D group, significant reduction of serum glucose was observed in endurance DL group (P<0.05), endurance DM (P<0.05), and endurance DH (P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears that training with high and moderate intensities induced positive modulation in NLRP-3 expression as well as improved glycemic factors levels.
Z Shanazari; M Faramarzi; E Banitalebi; R Hemmati
Abstract
Aim: One of the most important and prevalent disorders in elderly people is age-related muscular atrophy or Sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with a significant reduction in muscle strength and volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high intensity resistance ...
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Aim: One of the most important and prevalent disorders in elderly people is age-related muscular atrophy or Sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with a significant reduction in muscle strength and volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high intensity resistance training on serum levels of myostatin and IGF-1 in elderly rats Method: thirty male Wistar rats (23 months old) were randomly divided into two experimental and control group including moderate intensity resistance training (n = 10), high intensity resistance training (n = 10) and the control group (n = 10). Resistance training included 8 weeks of climbing a ladder with high intensity (80% MVCC) and moderate intensity (60% of MVCC) and 5 days a week. After completing training, serum concentration of IGF-1 and myostatin were measured using the ELISA method. Results: Myostatin concentration in decreased in high (916.5±43.1) and moderate (958.8±36.9) intensity resistance groups and IGF-1 increases in high (156.3±15.5) and moderate (141.8±7.4) intensity resistance groups (p<0.05). Also, there was significant difference between the IGF-I levels in high and moderate resistance training (p=0.009). However, there was no significant difference in myostatin level between groups. Conclusion: It seems that resistance training with moderate and high intensity can be change the resting levels of factors associated with muscular atrophy in elderly rats. However, there id further need to evaluate in human participants.
Exercise Physiology
nooshin salehi aghdam; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; Karim Azali Alamdari; jabbar bashiri; Mir Ali Reza Nourazar
Abstract
Aim: we investigated the effects of six weeks of HIIT and curcumin supplementation on hepatic cellular death and also GSH level in male rats exposed to drinking water arsenic.Methods: 48 rats were randomized in six groups including HIIT, curcumin, HIIT+curcumin, arsenic, ethanol control and normal control. ...
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Aim: we investigated the effects of six weeks of HIIT and curcumin supplementation on hepatic cellular death and also GSH level in male rats exposed to drinking water arsenic.Methods: 48 rats were randomized in six groups including HIIT, curcumin, HIIT+curcumin, arsenic, ethanol control and normal control. Arsenic 5 mg/bw.day and curcumin 15 mg/bw.day, were consumed orally for entire the study period. HIIT were conducted for six weeks (5 d/w, 60 min/session (with 4 min running at 85-90% of Vo2max and 2 min recovery at 50-60% of Vo2max intervals). Results: Arsenic exposure down regulated hepatic CK18 M65 level and also in a lesser extent; the cellular GSH content. Curcumin supplementation either alone or concomitantly with HIIT, could reverse the changes in hepatic CK18 M65 level. However; only in the HIIT+curcumin group, a remarkable elevation of hepatic GSH level was observed. Conclusion: Arsenic exposure renders liver to an increased oxidative stress and apoptosis level and the both HIIT and curcumin supplementation have appreciable effects to neutralize these hazardous effects. Moreover, only the synergistic effect of HIIT and curcumin supplementation could attenuate the liver antioxidants following arsenic exposure. However, more investigations remains to be done because of the study limitations and lack of similar evidence in this area.
ali aryashakib; Bahman Mirzaei; payam saidie
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with and without BFR on mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagy proteins of human skeletal muscle. In a cross-sectional study, five young men (age: 33.4 ± 2.30 year, weight: 79.64 ± 10.49 kg, BMI: 26.24 ± 2.27kg/cm2) ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with and without BFR on mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagy proteins of human skeletal muscle. In a cross-sectional study, five young men (age: 33.4 ± 2.30 year, weight: 79.64 ± 10.49 kg, BMI: 26.24 ± 2.27kg/cm2) performed two aerobic exercise intervention with BFR (EX+BFR) and without BFR (EX) in two separate days. The aerobic exercise included 5 bouts of 2-min activities, interspersed by 1 min active rest which performed with and without BFR. Western Blot method was used to measure the protein levels of MFN2, DRP1, BCL2 and Parkin of skeletal muscle. Data analysis was performed using T test at a significant level of 0.05. The results of the data analyze showed that both EX+BF and EX significantly increased MFN2 and Parkin and also significantly decreased DRP1 compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). However, EX+BF resulted in a significant increase protein levels of BCL2 compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). Also, EX+BF has a significant effect on MFN2, BCL2 and Parkin elevation and DRP1 decrease in compared to EX (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it seems that aerobic exercise with and without BFR is a strong stimulant for the improvement of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy of skeletal muscle.
Exercise Physiology
Navid Nateghi; Arsalan Damirchi; Javad Mehrabani; Razhan Piran
Abstract
Hypertension similar to dyslipidemia is most important cardiovascular diseases that exercise training can have a preventive and therapeutic effect on them. The effect of combined exercise training as an effective method is one of the new ways to combat hypertension and cardiovascular health. The purpose ...
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Hypertension similar to dyslipidemia is most important cardiovascular diseases that exercise training can have a preventive and therapeutic effect on them. The effect of combined exercise training as an effective method is one of the new ways to combat hypertension and cardiovascular health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercises training on cardiovascular inflammatory markers and blood pressure in hypertensive men.In this study that designed with pre-post tests with control group, 9 men (47.33±4.5 years; body mass index 33.18±5.27 kg/m2) as combined training group [COT] and 9 as control group [CON] (48.44±3.20 years; body mass index 30.51±5.35 kg/m2) were randomly selected from volunteers. Combined training (aerobic and resistance) that performed in 16 weeks consisted of 4 sessions per week (2 sessions of aerobic and dynamic resistance training, respectively). Aerobic training with 40-65% maximal oxygen uptake (70-80 minutes) and dynamic resistance training with 55% maximum repetition (70-80 minutes) were performed. Results of ANCOVA test showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure, galactin-3 and endothelin-1 plasma levels were significantly decreased in the post exercise training group as well as in the control group (p<0.05). In lipid profile, we observed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TChol) in combined exercise training group (p<0.05). It can be concluded that, the results showed that the combination of aerobic and resistance training, in addition to lowering blood pressure and improvement of dyslipidemia in men with hypertension, led to a decrease in biomarkers affecting vascular inflammation and heart failure.
Exercise Physiology
Maryam Belbasi; Asieh Abbassi Daloii; Ahmad Abdi
Abstract
Aim: Type 2 diabetes and obesity are associated with changes in the body's metabolism, which is a determining factor in the development of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks high-intensity interval training on Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) ...
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Aim: Type 2 diabetes and obesity are associated with changes in the body's metabolism, which is a determining factor in the development of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks high-intensity interval training on Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) levels of adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic obese rats. Method: To implementation of this experimental research, 32 obese male wistar rats (weight 320±20 gr) randomly were divided into 4 groups including obese control, shem (obese), obese diabetic, obese diabetic - high-intensity interval training. Intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide amide-streptozotocin was used to induction type 2 diabetes. high-intensity interval training program was performed 4 days a week for six weeks. VEGF-A and A-FABP levels in rat adipose tissue were measured using by ELISA kit. Results: the VEGF-A level in adipose tissue in the obese diabetic group was significantly lower than the obese control group (P=0.001). Also, A-FABP (P=0.001) and insulin resistance (P=0.004) was significantly higher in the obese diabetic group than the obese control groups. High-intensity interval training was associated with significant increase of VEGF-A and decrease A-FABP levels in adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese diabetic rats (P=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval training can help improve adipose tissue metabolic parameters and insulin resistance in obese diabetic rats.
Response and adaptation to exercises
Zahra hosseinzadeh barkusaraie; Atefeh Akef; Hamid Arazi; Javad Mehrabani; farhad rahmani nia
Abstract
Introduction & objective: Resistance training is one of the types of training methods that has the potential to improve strength, endurance and muscle strength and reduce the rate of injury and increase athletic performance in young athletes.Method: the sample size was 30 young active women (age: ...
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Introduction & objective: Resistance training is one of the types of training methods that has the potential to improve strength, endurance and muscle strength and reduce the rate of injury and increase athletic performance in young athletes.Method: the sample size was 30 young active women (age: 26.61±4.55 years, height: 166.3±4.67 cm and weight: 60.08±6.05 kg). They performed an 8-week training course, three sessions per week/1 hour. Agonist and antagonist muscles were trained in the superset and compound set protocols. The movement sets for each muscle were 4 sets. The intensity of exercise was between 80-95% RM. Rest intervals between each set were also 2 minutes. Results: The compound and superset resistance trainings had a significant effect on salivary levels of cortisol, testosterone and cortisol/testosterone ratio in young female athletes (p<0.05). This significant difference was observed in the comparison between the compound-control and superset-control groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that both training methods, especially the superstar drills, were able to affect the limb environment, muscle strength and endurance, and the percentage of body fat in active young women.
Physical activity, weight control and obesity
Mohammad Javad Ahmadi Panjaki; Khadijeh Irandoust; Rasoul Samimi
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic liver condition that can be caused by a lack of physical activity and a decrease in cardiopulmonary function. Improving lifestyle and increasing physical activity can be effective in ameliorating the condition. Chromium supplementation has ...
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Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic liver condition that can be caused by a lack of physical activity and a decrease in cardiopulmonary function. Improving lifestyle and increasing physical activity can be effective in ameliorating the condition. Chromium supplementation has been found to be effective in improving the health of individuals with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a six-week exercise snacking program and chromium supplementation on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: In this study, 30 participants with fatty liver grade 1, 2, or 3 were randomly divided into four groups: exercise and chromium (N=8), chromium (N=8), exercise (N=7), and control (N=7). Measurements were taken for ALT and AST levels, triglycerides, body weight, age, waist circumference, and sonogram diagnosis.Findings: The results showed a significant decrease in fatty liver grade in both the exercise and chromium group (P=0.02) and the exercise group (P=0.01). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in ALT levels in the exercise and chromium group (P=0.001) after six weeks. These findings suggest that exercise snacking, either alone or with chromium supplementation, can be effective in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Conclusion: This study provides support for the use of exercise snacking, either alone or with chromium supplementation, as an effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings suggest that physical activity, in the form of exercise snacking, can be a suitable intervention for patients with NAFLD.
Sirus Choobineh; Babak Ebadi; Lali Karimi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 33-45
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The present study investigates the effects of one month of fasting Ramadan on some blood variables including fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, hs-CRP, body weight, fat weight, and lean body mass.
Method: 14 healthy male soccer players (who ...
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Abstract
Aim: The present study investigates the effects of one month of fasting Ramadan on some blood variables including fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, hs-CRP, body weight, fat weight, and lean body mass.
Method: 14 healthy male soccer players (who continued their regular exercise program through Ramadan) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into fasting (age: 22.61±3.83 years, height: 174.12±6.33 cm, weight: 69.6±15.052 kg) and control groups (age: 24.7±3.54 years, height: 172.98±5.44 cm, weight: 67.74±10.15 kg). Blood samples were taken on two occasions; the first at 10 am, one day before Ramadan and the second at 5 pm of the 29th (both following 12 hours of fasting). The data was analyzed by a paried t-test (at 0.05 statistical significance level) after the normal data distribution order was verified using the k-s test.
Results: One month of fasting had no significant on any of the variables, in any group.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that fasting probably because of the previous adaptations, could have no hazardous consequences on athlete health if there is no detectable fluctuations in daily caloric intake and physical activity level.
Key words: Ramadan fasting, Blood factors, Antioxidant status
Abbasali Gaeini; Hamid Arazi; Masoud Yusefi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 79-89
Abstract
AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to obtain normative values of body fat percent for athlete and non-athlete male adolescent in Tehran city.
Method: For this reason, 619 boys (11-12 years of age) including 306 athletes among 8 sports (with mean weight 33.9±6.0 kg and height 142.4±6.9 cm) ...
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AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to obtain normative values of body fat percent for athlete and non-athlete male adolescent in Tehran city.
Method: For this reason, 619 boys (11-12 years of age) including 306 athletes among 8 sports (with mean weight 33.9±6.0 kg and height 142.4±6.9 cm) and 313 non athletes (with mean weight 33.2±7.6 kg and height 140.5±6.7 cm) were selected randomly and participated in this descriptive study. Body fat percent calculated using slaughter equation and normative values of body fat percent for both athletes and non-athletes were obtained using descriptive statistics.
Results: The findings showed that normative values of body fat percent for athletes were in ranges of 8.72-19.09. Normative values of body fat percent for non-athletes were in range of 8.36-18.73. However, there were no significant differences between norms of body fat percent in athletes and non athletes.
Conclusion: With respect to result of this study, cultureal programs account into consideration for promotion knowledge about adverse effects of sedentary life especially in children and adolescents.
Key words: Norm, Body fat percent, Athlete, Non-athlete
Payam Saidei; Hamid Mohebbi; Farhad Rahmaninia; Fahimeh Mohammad ghasemi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 89-108
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10-week negative energy balance (NEB) methods on adipocyte size and adiponectin levels in different abdominal fat depots as well as glucose and lipid variables and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet obese male wistar rats. Methodology: ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10-week negative energy balance (NEB) methods on adipocyte size and adiponectin levels in different abdominal fat depots as well as glucose and lipid variables and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet obese male wistar rats. Methodology: Study sample were consisted of sixty-four Wistar male rats (average weight; 194.5±12.6g). Blood samples were collected at 1st, 18th and 28th weeks after an overnight fasting. After first sampling, remaining 56 rats were randomly divided into control (n=16) and high-fat-diet (n=40) groups. After 18 weeks High-fat-diet group randomly divided into high-fat-diet (HFD) and negative energy balance consisted of calorie restriction, exercise training and combination (exercise training with calorie restriction) subgroups. Negative energy balance subgroups underwent an aerobic training (running) with intensity of 70 to 75% of VO2max, %25 calorie restriction and interval of both methods for 10 weeks. Adiponectin Levels and adipocyte size in retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots, insulin and glucose levels and lipid profile were measured. HOMA-IR was also calculated. Results: The results of this study indicated that in comparison to high-fat-diet, negative energy balance methods despite consumption of high fat diet, decreased adipocyte size in retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots (P<0.05) and insulin resistance index improved in line with decrease of serum concentrations of insulin, glucose and triglyceride in obese male rats (P<0.05). However although lipid profile improved, only triglyceride concentration significantly decreased (P<0.05). From negative energy balance subgroups only combination showed significant increase in adiponectin levels of studied depots compared to high-fat-diet (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that negative energy balance methods can actually decrease adipocyte size of retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots even with simultaneous consumption of high-fat-diet which is largely congruent with improvement in lipid and metabolic profile Results also indicate a superiority of aerobic training in improving the lipid profile compare to other NEB methods.
Nasrin Ramzany; Abasali Gaeini; Sirou Choobineh; Mohamadreza Kordi; Mehdi Hedayati
Volume 5, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 89-98
Abstract
Aim: RBP4 is an adipokin that participates in insulin function and glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic training on serum RBP4 levels and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic male rats. Method: Eighteen male 8-week-old wistar rats (233.6±13.1 ...
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Aim: RBP4 is an adipokin that participates in insulin function and glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic training on serum RBP4 levels and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic male rats. Method: Eighteen male 8-week-old wistar rats (233.6±13.1 g) were selected as sample research. Diabetes was induced by using nikotinamid and streptozotocin. Five days after inducing diabetes, fasting blood was measured using blood glucose strips and rats that the level of fasting blood glucose was between 400-126 mg was selected as diabetic. Rats were randomly and According to homogenization of body weight assigned into two groups including control (n=9) and trained (n=9).Rats in the training groups carried out an 8-week exercise program on a motorized treadmill with 10–25 m/min for 15-40 min/day and a 5% slope for 5 days. Serum RBP4 levels was measured with Elisa method and insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR index. Results: Induction of diabetes caused a significant increase in body weight (p=0.001) and serum RBP4 (p<0.05). Also exercise caused a significant increase in muscle weight in the training group (p<0.05). Serum RBP4 levels after training significantly decreased in comparison with control groups (p<0.05). Also glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index were significantly decreased in the training group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: it seems that 8 weeks aerobic training with 60-80% vo2max can be effective to decrease the serum RBP4 levels and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic patients.
A Khosravi; R Fathi; M Baghersalimi; A Rasouli
Abstract
Aim: Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a hepatocyte-derived circulating factor that regulates plasma triglycerides levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of serum ANGPTL8 levels to acute exercise in physically active young men..
Method: Eleven healthy, active young ...
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Aim: Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a hepatocyte-derived circulating factor that regulates plasma triglycerides levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of serum ANGPTL8 levels to acute exercise in physically active young men..
Method: Eleven healthy, active young males (aged 24±3.63 years, BMI 22.98±2 kg/m2) volunteered for this study. Acute exercise protocol comprising 2 series of 6×10 s sprinting cycling with maximal effort and 10 min active rest (cycling with intensity 65%–75% HRmax).Blood samples were obtained at fasting state, pre-exercise (30 min after breakfast ~365 kcal), immediately, 15, 30 and 45 min after exercise for measuring serum variables. The repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test used to evaluate changes of parameters in the different times. The relationship between variables was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: The results of present study showed that ANGPTL8, glucose, insulin, lactate, TG and LDL-C levels significantly changed in any time courses of this study (p<0.05). At fasting state, 30 min after breakfast (before exercise) and post-exercise, ANGPTL8 levels not correlated with glucose, insulin, lactate, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C. There was no significant relationship between ANGPTL8 and weight, BMI and body fat percentage.
Conclusion: It seems that acute and short-term exercise is make significant changes in serum levels of ANGPTL8. On the other hand no significant relationship between ANGPTL8 and body composition may related to indvisual differences.
A Khosravi; R Fathi; M Saghebjoo
Abstract
Aim: Angiopoietin-like proteins that be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, can be potentially utilized in therapies for metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks intermittent and continuous exercise training on serum angiopoietin-like protein ...
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Aim: Angiopoietin-like proteins that be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, can be potentially utilized in therapies for metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks intermittent and continuous exercise training on serum angiopoietin-like protein 8 levels and lipid profile in 9-11 years old obese girls. Method: Thirty students aged 9 to 11 years old with a percentile of body mass index more than 90% were randomly assigned to control (n = 9), continuous training (n = 11), and intermittent exercise (12). The exercises included eight weeks of continuous and intermittent walking (3 sessions per week). The subjects underwent continuous training in the first four weeks with 60-75% HRmax and in the second four weeks with of 70-75% HRmax, and subjects with intermittent exercises in the first four weeks with intensity of 75-80% HRmax and in the second four weeks with of 80-85% HRmax. Serum levels of ANGPTL8, HDL, LDL, TG, TC and glucose was measured in pre-test and post-test. Results: The results of this study showed that in the intermittent group, ANGPTL8, TC, glucose increased (p< 0.05), and BMI and percentile of body mass index decreased (p<0.05). In the continuous group, the levels of ANGPTL8 and TC increased (p< 0.05) and BMI decreased (p<0.05). Comparison between groups showed that glucose and ANGPTL8 were not significantly different in two groups. Conclusion: The increased of angiopoietin-like protein 8 after eight weeks of continuous and intermittent exercises was independent of the type of exercise. It seems that, one of the main reasons is the increase of glucose and TC, which suggests the therapeutic potential of angiopoietin-like protein 8 in reducing these factors by inhibiting it.
S Vakil Mahallati; M ShariatZadeh Joneidi; H Rohani
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term CLA supplementation on fat burning rate during exercise in obese women. Method: The subjects of this study were 10 obese women (age 34.7±4.7 yrs, BMI 34.2±4.8 kg/m2, and weight 83.1±1.9 kg). Subjects consumed ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term CLA supplementation on fat burning rate during exercise in obese women. Method: The subjects of this study were 10 obese women (age 34.7±4.7 yrs, BMI 34.2±4.8 kg/m2, and weight 83.1±1.9 kg). Subjects consumed 1.5 g/day CLA for 7 days. An incremental exercise test on a treadmill was performed before and after the supplementation period to measure the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and corresponding intensity (FATmax). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the test for measuring the serum levels of Glycerol. Paired t-test and ANOVA with repeated measures were used to compare the means of variables. Results: There was no significant difference in mean FATmax between before and after CLA supplementation (p=0.655). Also, no significant difference was observed in MFO between before and after CLA supplementation (p=0.133). CLA supplementation after one exercise session did not have a significant effect on plasma glycerol; However, the interactive effect of these two factors was significant and increased the glycerol levels. Conclusion: In general, the findings of this study showed that CLA supplementation, at least in short-term period, does not improve the fat burning rate during exercise in obese women.
Hanie Berahman; alireza Elmiyeh; Mohammad Reza Fadaei
Abstract
Aim: It seems that exercise training may have benefits for improving metabolic syndrome and obesity. However, there are limited documents in effect of water-based rhythmic exercise training and the menopause population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of water-based rhythmic ...
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Aim: It seems that exercise training may have benefits for improving metabolic syndrome and obesity. However, there are limited documents in effect of water-based rhythmic exercise training and the menopause population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of water-based rhythmic exercise training on leptin, aldosterone and blood pressure in obese postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.Method: This study was a clinical trial performed on 31 obese and postmenopausal women aged 65-75 years with metabolic syndrome (15 in the control group and 16 in the experimental group). The participants were randomly allocated into control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed that water-based rhythmic exercise training for 12 weeks, three sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. Leptin, aldosterone and blood pressure were measured before and after the end of the intervention period in both groups. Data were analyzed using independent t – test and Covariance by SPSS software version 16.Results: Twelve weeks water-based rhythmic exercise training significantly reduced leptin (P = 0.001), aldosterone (P = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.031) in obese postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: It seems that water-based rhythmic exercise training have a positive effect on leptin, aldosterone and blood pressure on Obese postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.Keywords: leptin, aldosterone, blood pressure and water-based rhythmic exercise training.
Hamid Mohebbi; Arsalan Damirchi; Sayed saleh Safari Mosavi; Fariborz Hovanlo
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 113-123
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reduced muscle glycogen on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation was occure (Fatmax) in untrained men.
Method: Eight healthy untrained males (age: 22.2±1; body mass index: 21.9±1.5 ...
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reduced muscle glycogen on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation was occure (Fatmax) in untrained men.
Method: Eight healthy untrained males (age: 22.2±1; body mass index: 21.9±1.5 kg/m2; percent body fat (%): 15.1±1; VO2Peak: 2.82±0.41 L.min-1) participated in two studies carried out on separate days at least one week apart. Each subject in the fasting state (7:00 AM) performed graded exercise test with 3 min stages on a cycle ergometer to exhaustion, on two separate occasions randomly, in a normal glycogen state and under conditions of reduced muscle glycogen content. On one occasion, the day before the graded exercise test, subjects came to the laboratory at 18:00 pm to perform an exhaustive muscle glycogen lowering exercise. Indirect calorimetry was performed to determine oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) at during gradedexercise. Substrate oxidation, MFO and Fatmax was determined during graded exercise test, by use of the stoichiometric equations. The student’s t-test was used to analyze the variables.
Results: MFO in the lowering muscle glycogen (0.54±0.08 g.min-1) was significantly higher than in the normal muscle glycogen status (0.36±0.04 g. min-1) (P
Ahmad Mohammadi Moghaddam; Naser Behpoor; Vahid Tadibi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 115-128
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The previous research has identified that many factors can affect appetite. Exercise is one of these factors that affect appetite and subsequent energy intake rate. This study aims to examine the effect of light, moderate and high intensities of circuit resistance exercise on the appetite.
Methods: ...
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Abstract
Aim: The previous research has identified that many factors can affect appetite. Exercise is one of these factors that affect appetite and subsequent energy intake rate. This study aims to examine the effect of light, moderate and high intensities of circuit resistance exercise on the appetite.
Methods: 8 healthy men and 8 healthy women participated in this study as subjects voluntarily. Exercise activity with three intensity, light ( 30 to 40 % of 1RM), moderate (50 to 60 % 1RM) and high ( 80 to 90 % 1RM), and in six moves induding the bench press, armpits, shoulder, leg squat, back foot and leg (each session was 90 minutes) has performed. Appetite were assessed before exercise activity, immediately after, and three and six hours after exercise activity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). ANOVA with repeated measures and t-test were used to analyze the findings. The significant level was considered (P
Mehdi Hoseinzadeh; Valiallah Dabidi Roshan; Alireza Ghanbari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 141-153
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: There is massive literature regarding the benefit of exercise training on different functional systems. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of exercise training in extreme environment specially hot and humid one on cardiovascular system. The aim of the current study ...
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Abstract
Aim: There is massive literature regarding the benefit of exercise training on different functional systems. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of exercise training in extreme environment specially hot and humid one on cardiovascular system. The aim of the current study was to investigate some of the coagulant factors and QTc interval, in healthy young men as results of dehydration in sauna and rehydration followed by arm cranking exercise training.
Method: 14 healthy young wrestlers with 2 years of professional experience [weight 77.17 ± 10.20 kg, age 18.4±2.59 yrs] were assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental group lost 3-4 percent of their body weight through 10 min interval in dry sauna. To rehydrate they drank mineral water (Nestle) proportionate to the body weight loss. Both groups exercised in a 6 min high intensity arm ergometer protocol with 8×15s intervals at maximum workload and 30 s active recoveries in three trials. All the relevant parameters were measured in euhydration, dehydration, and 18 hr after dehydration trials.
Results: Fibrinogen in the experimental group was increased after dehydration and significantly reduced after rehydration. PT in the experimental group significantly reduced after rehydration compared to dehydration and rehydration. QTc in experimental group was unchanged immediately after dehydration but increased significantly after dehydration. In addition, fibrinogen variation in dehydration and rehydration trials, reduction of PT and increase of QTc in the rehydration trial was significant between groups.
Conclusion: 3-4 % dehydration by sauna and exercise training followed by that can induce to some coagulation abnormality and as well as ECG variation which can be life threatening for athletes.
Key words: Hot and humid environment, Dehydration, Coagulatory factors, Exercise training
Javad Almasi; Farzad Nazem; Ali Hydariyan Pur; Nader Farahpur
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2012
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: Rapid weight loss (RWL) methods may be cause to reduce physiological capabilities during training or competition periods. In this study, the effect of traditional methods of RWL on anaerobic performance indexes and body composition variables in young wrestlers
Method: Thirty-two free ...
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Abstract
Aim: Rapid weight loss (RWL) methods may be cause to reduce physiological capabilities during training or competition periods. In this study, the effect of traditional methods of RWL on anaerobic performance indexes and body composition variables in young wrestlers
Method: Thirty-two free style Wrestler males with 19 to 21 years old, body weight 69.28±0.45 kg, and body mass index 23.2±3.6 kg/m2, in two category of weight (60 and 66 kg) were voluntarily participated in this study.
First the subject measured reduced body weight by 5±0.1 kg in conventional method and performed, RAST test. After 6 hours with consuming fluid and diet, body composition variable and anaerobic power indexes were measured. According to weight loss recommendations of International Community, two groups of 3% and 5% weight loss were separated and related of parameters were compared.
Results: Anthropometric variables and absolute and relative anaerobic powers were changed significant in two groups after 6 hours recovery pursuant to weight reduction (P
Zinab Gurgin; Reza Gharakhanlou; Abdolhosin Parnow; Somayeh Rajabi; Mehdi Hedayati
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Abstract Aim: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are integral membrane proteins and prototypic members of the ligand-gated ion-channel super-family. The Purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on the content of nAChR in fast ...
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Abstract Aim: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are integral membrane proteins and prototypic members of the ligand-gated ion-channel super-family. The Purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on the content of nAChR in fast skeletal muscles of male Wistar rats.
Method: Thirty male Wistar rats (220±15 gr) randomly were divided to four groups and followed 12 weeks of training according to the protocols. Animals of the endurance training group were exercised on treadmill for 12 weeks, 5 times a week, and 60 minutes a day at velocities up to 30 m/min. Animals of the Resistance group were housed in metal cage with a 2m high wire-mesh tower, with water bottles set at the top. Concurrent training group did both resistance and endurance trainings. Forty-eight hours after last session of protocols, animals were anaesthetized and the tibialis anterior (AT) was removed. For nAChR assay and for data analysis, ANOVA and independent- samples t- test were used.
Results: Data analysis showed that fast muscle nAChR content significantly difference between endurance, resistance and concurrent training groups with control group (P
Nahid Bijeh; Hasan Faraji; Babisan Askari; Asra Askari; Saeid Ramezani
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 11-21
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the response of the visfatin to acute endurance exercise pre and post 8-weeks trainingin untrained obese healthy men. Method: Twenty two subjects (age 29.06±3.83 years, weight 90.96±4.68 kg, height 171.3±4.88 cm, and BMI 30.76±1.8 ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the response of the visfatin to acute endurance exercise pre and post 8-weeks trainingin untrained obese healthy men. Method: Twenty two subjects (age 29.06±3.83 years, weight 90.96±4.68 kg, height 171.3±4.88 cm, and BMI 30.76±1.8 kg/m2) were volunteered to participate in the current study. The subjects were divided randomly into two experimental (n=11) and control (n=11) groups. Experimental group participated in 8-week endurance training program three times per week. Exercise intensity increased from 60 percent of maximum heart rate to 65 to 70 percent after 4thweeks until the end of training program. Acute exercise test (cycle ergometer exercise, 30 min at 60 percent of maximum heart rate) were employed before and after training period. Blood samples were collected before, immediately, and 30 min after acute exercise at before and after endurance training period to measure plasma visfatin variations. Results: The results by two-way Anova with analysis showed before training period, visfation levels changes were not sigificant after acute exercise , immediately and 30 min aftery in both groups. Conclusion: These data indicate that endurance training is associated with decrease in resting plasma visfatin and body fat in obese men. Moreover, one bout of endurance training can decrease the plasma visfatin in response to acute exercise.
