Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Physical activity, weight control and obesity
Mohammad Javad Ahmadi Panjaki; Khadijeh Irandoust; Rasoul Samimi
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic liver condition that can be caused by a lack of physical activity and a decrease in cardiopulmonary function. Improving lifestyle and increasing physical activity can be effective in ameliorating the condition. Chromium supplementation has ...
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Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic liver condition that can be caused by a lack of physical activity and a decrease in cardiopulmonary function. Improving lifestyle and increasing physical activity can be effective in ameliorating the condition. Chromium supplementation has been found to be effective in improving the health of individuals with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a six-week exercise snacking program and chromium supplementation on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: In this study, 30 participants with fatty liver grade 1, 2, or 3 were randomly divided into four groups: exercise and chromium (N=8), chromium (N=8), exercise (N=7), and control (N=7). Measurements were taken for ALT and AST levels, triglycerides, body weight, age, waist circumference, and sonogram diagnosis.Findings: The results showed a significant decrease in fatty liver grade in both the exercise and chromium group (P=0.02) and the exercise group (P=0.01). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in ALT levels in the exercise and chromium group (P=0.001) after six weeks. These findings suggest that exercise snacking, either alone or with chromium supplementation, can be effective in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Conclusion: This study provides support for the use of exercise snacking, either alone or with chromium supplementation, as an effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings suggest that physical activity, in the form of exercise snacking, can be a suitable intervention for patients with NAFLD.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Exercise Metabolism
Seyed Mohammad Foad Seyed Rahmani; Bahman Mirzaei; Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie; Kayvan Khoramipour; Amir Barjaste
Abstract
Background and purpose: The aim of this study was metabolic profiling and comparing the metabolic changes of junior elite wrestlers in three weight during three simulated wrestling match using metabolomics.Materials and methods:10 elite junior participated in 3 matches (2 matches in the morning and 1 ...
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Background and purpose: The aim of this study was metabolic profiling and comparing the metabolic changes of junior elite wrestlers in three weight during three simulated wrestling match using metabolomics.Materials and methods:10 elite junior participated in 3 matches (2 matches in the morning and 1 match in the evening) in simulated conditions in one day. The wrestlers performed a wrestling match in 2 periods of 3 minutes with 30 seconds of break in between, according to the International Rules of Wrestling. Six saliva samples were taken before and after the first, second and third match.Results: The results obtained from this study proved the difference in the amount and type of metabolites between three weight categories in elite wrestlers after a simulated competition period. The results are as follows: First, the amount of energy in all three weight categories is transferred with a very high percentage at the beginning of the competition through aerobic metabolism and at the end of the competition through anaerobic metabolism and high production of lactic acid. Second, most of the metabolites that increase in expression in all three weight categories have either directly produced ATP or indirectly by connecting to the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain leading to the production of additional ATP.Conclusions: Metabolic monitoring of wrestlers showed that metabolic needs are different in three weight categories, and the coaches should consider this difference by specializing the exercises and prescribing individual training programs for the wrestlers based on the weight categories.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Resistance and aerobic exercises
fateme mehdipour; Arsalan Damirchi; payam saidie; Alia saberi
Abstract
Aim: the purpose of This study aimed to investigate the impact of 8 weeks of using three exercise regimens on glucose profiles and fat percentage in women with MS.Methods: This experimental study included 40 females diagnosed with MS (mean age: 34.30 ± 3.50). The participants were randomly assigned ...
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Aim: the purpose of This study aimed to investigate the impact of 8 weeks of using three exercise regimens on glucose profiles and fat percentage in women with MS.Methods: This experimental study included 40 females diagnosed with MS (mean age: 34.30 ± 3.50). The participants were randomly assigned to four groups (N=10): aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (AT+RT), and control. The RT involved a series of movements using weighted vests (5-10% of body weight) for three days per week. The AT sessions were conducted for two days per week, lasting 10-30 minutes (40-60% of maximum heart rate). The AT+RT group performed exercises five days per week (two days of AT and three days of RT). Data analysis employed two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 software, with a significance level of 0.05.Results: The results revealed no significant differences between groups. However, within-group analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in insulin, cortisol, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR levels compared to baseline in the intervention groups.Conclusions: These findings suggest that exercise interventions have the potential to positively influence metabolic parameters in individuals with MS. Further research is needed to explore optimal exercise protocols and long-term effects in this population.Key words: Multiple sclerosis, body composition, sugar profile
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Exercise Physiology
amir khosravi; Vahid Valipour Dehnou; Rima Shayan Nasab; sakine Jafarian
Abstract
Aim: One of the complications of menopause that plays an important role in reducing the quality of life is the reduction of body fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of whole body vibration course on myostatin and follistatin Serum in Postmenopausal Women. Methods: ...
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Aim: One of the complications of menopause that plays an important role in reducing the quality of life is the reduction of body fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of whole body vibration course on myostatin and follistatin Serum in Postmenopausal Women. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism were selected and divided into two groups of 10: control (C) and whole body vibration training (V). Group V performed these exercises for 12 weeks and three times a week, with a frequency of 30 to 50 Hz, applying on upper and lower limb training. At the beginning and end of the study, blood serum myostatin and follistatin levels were measured using the ELISA method, , body fat percentage, body mass index, and body weight. Due to the normality of data distribution, independent t and covariance statistical methods were used for analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 12 weeks of whole body vibration training in group V significantly increased the serum levels of follistatin (P=0.001), and decreased myostatine (P=0.018) compared to the control group. There was also a significant decrease in body fat percentage (P=0.041), body mass index (P=0.044) and weight (P=0.047).Conclusions: It seems that whole body vibration training increases serum levels of follistatin and decreases myostatin in postmenopausal women, and these positive changes may play an important role in improving lean mass of postmenopausal women.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Physical fitness and sports performance
Maryam Dehghanianfard@modares.ac.ir; Hamid AghaAlinejad; Mahdiye Molanouri shamsi
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of two training methods, 3/7 and cluster set (CS), on the strength, body composition, and athletic performance of female basketball players. Methods: Twenty-one basketball players (22.23±3.8y; 165.94±6.78cm; 63.30±9.50kg), who had not ...
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Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of two training methods, 3/7 and cluster set (CS), on the strength, body composition, and athletic performance of female basketball players. Methods: Twenty-one basketball players (22.23±3.8y; 165.94±6.78cm; 63.30±9.50kg), who had not engaged in resistance training for the past 6 months, were randomly divided into three groups: 3/7, CS, and a control group. The experimental groups followed an eight-week resistance training program (three sessions/week). Pre- and post-training assessments included measurements of body composition, evaluation of maximum strength, and various athletic performance tests such as Repeated Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Repeated-Sprint Ability (RSA), 10-m sprint, T-test agility, countermovement jumps (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ). To determine the significant difference between the groups, a 3 × 2 mixed model ANOVA was performed. Results: The 3/7 group showed significant improvements in full body strength compared to the pre-test and control group. The CS group exhibited significant improvements in lower body strength. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements in CMJ, T-test time and 10-m sprint time compared to the pre-test and control group. In terms of SJ, the 3/7 group showed a significant improvement compared to the pre-test, CS group, and control group. However, no significant effects were observed on RAST, RSA, and body composition among the different protocols. Conclusions: The 3/7 training protocol, with its shorter training time and lower intensity, proves to be an effective method for enhancing maximum strength, speed, agility, and jumping ability in female basketball players while minimizing the risk of injury.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Response and adaptation to exercises
Sahar Abdolahi; Mehrzad Moghadasi; Mohammdamin Edalatmanesh; Sara Hojati
Abstract
Aim: The aim of present study was to examine the effect of effect of high intensity interval swimming on Nurr1 and mir-132 gene expression in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: In this experimental study, twenty-one male Wistar rats (weight 200 ± 10.5 grams) were selected. In fourteen ...
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Aim: The aim of present study was to examine the effect of effect of high intensity interval swimming on Nurr1 and mir-132 gene expression in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: In this experimental study, twenty-one male Wistar rats (weight 200 ± 10.5 grams) were selected. In fourteen rats, PD induced by injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine. Then, these rats were divided into PD group or training group randomly. Seven remaining rats were included in the healthy control group. The rats in the training group, performed high intensity interval swimming, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds of rest between each time for 6 weeks. Hippocampal Nurr1 and mir-132 gene expression were measured 48h after the last session of training. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test were run using SPSS-22 at the P <0.05.Results: The study results indicated that Nurr1 gene expression was lower in the PD group compare to the healthy group and training group (p=0.02 and p=0.02 respectively); while, no significant difference was observed between training group and healthy group (p=0.9). mir-132 gene expression was higher in the PD group compare to the healthy group (p=0.009); while, no significant difference was observed between PD group and training group (p=0.1) and between training group and healthy group (p=0.1).Conclusion: In summary, it seems that swimming training utilized in this study improves dopaminergic neurons survival and effective for PD.
Review Article I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Karim Azali Alamdari; Babak Ebadi Shirmard; Hadi Rohani
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim ...
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Background and Aim: Many diseases cause skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction (MR) and the quantitative determination of the effect size (ES) of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) can be useful in refining exercise prescriptions for susceptible population. The aim of the present study was to determine the average ES of exercise training on skeletal muscle C/f in patients disposed to MR. Materials and Methods: A search for English articles was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases without limiting the year of publication until February 2023. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using random effect model. Correlation between variables was investigated using fixed effects model meta-regression.Results: A summary ES achieved as WMD=0.21 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.26) from the results of 308 subjects, included in 22 exercise training interventions (p=0.014, I2=44.16). No correlations were observed in between the changes in C/F and the age of subjects included in each intervention based on action of the moment’s meta-regression model (r=-0.00, p=0.92, z=0.099). Among the exercise duration categories, interventions less than 8 weeks (n=3) had the least ES on C/F (WMD=0.18), while a WMD of 0.22 were determined for both of interventions with 8 weeks (n=7) and more than 8 weeks duration (n=12) categories (z=9.68, p=0.001). Moreover, interventions in HIIT and intensive aerobic exercise training category had greater ES (WMD=0.23) compared to MICT and aerobic exercise training (WMD= 020) interventions (z=9.73, p=0.001). =
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Response and adaptation to exercises
Hossein Talebi; Tahereh Bagherpoor; Nematollah nemati
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of traditional resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises on serum levels of muscle damage indicators and motor performance of young wrestlers.Methods: Thirty young wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 control ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of traditional resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises on serum levels of muscle damage indicators and motor performance of young wrestlers.Methods: Thirty young wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into 3 control groups, traditional-resistance exercises and suspension-resistance exercises. Serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were investigated by fasting blood sampling method. Muscular strength, speed, power and agility were also respectively evaluated by one repetition maximum in chest press movement, 15 yard speed test, Sargent's jump and T test. Then, each of the training groups performed their respective exercises for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each training session lasted 30-45 minutes. At the end of 12 weeks of training, the post-test phase was conducted. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of research findings.Results: The results of two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that in the post-test stage, both traditional-resistance and suspension-resistance exercises lead to a significant improvement in strength, speed, power and agility, as well as a significant decrease in serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (p≤0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, it seems that suspension-resistance exercises, due to its unique features, can be used as a new approach alongside with traditional-resistance exercises to improve the movement performance and also reduce the levels of muscle damage indicators of young wrestlers.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Exercise Physiology
Fariba Pourasghar; jabbar bashiri; Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi; HASSAN POURRAZI; Mir Alireza Nourazar
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intense interval exercise training and melatonin supplementation on the apoptotic indices of kidney tissue in rats suffering from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (weight: 250 and 300 grams) were randomly ...
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Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intense interval exercise training and melatonin supplementation on the apoptotic indices of kidney tissue in rats suffering from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (weight: 250 and 300 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups, healthy, Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R), I/R + intense interval training, I/R + melatonin supplement and I/R + high intensive interval training + melatonin supplement. Except for the healthy group, the animals were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion in other test groups. The high intensive interval training protocol was implemented for 12 weeks (5 days per week). Caspase 3, BAX, BCL2 and TNFα gene expression indices were measured by real time PCR method. Because of the non-normal distribution of parameters, the data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test at the significance level of p
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiometabolic functions in exercise
Hadi Golpasandi; Mohammad Rahman Rahimi
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to explore the impact of aerobic exercise and green tea extract consumption on cardiac prognostic markers in men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Method: The study involved 32 male participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 50 ± 10.9 years, divided into four groups: 1) ...
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Introduction: This study aims to explore the impact of aerobic exercise and green tea extract consumption on cardiac prognostic markers in men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Method: The study involved 32 male participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 50 ± 10.9 years, divided into four groups: 1) green tea (GT), 2) green tea combined with aerobic training (GT+AT), 3) placebo (PL), and 4) placebo combined with aerobic training (PL+AT). Over an 8-week period, the AT protocol was performed for 60 minutes at an intensity of 55-65% of maximum heart rate (MHR) on a treadmill. Green tea extract was consumed at a dosage of 800 mg daily. Serum levels of cardiac markers, including GDF-15 and NT-proBNP, were assessed through blood sampling before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test.Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in serum levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the GT, GT+AT, and PL+AT groups (P
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC) license
Response and adaptation to exercises
gholamreza hamidiyan; Elaheh Piralaiy; Badrkhan Rashwan Ismael; Zahra Mehri Rokh
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, the effect of aerobic training supplemented with hydro-alcoholic extract of Vaccinium Arctostaphylos fruit on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system of the heart tissue of rats was investigated.Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: ...
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Introduction: In this study, the effect of aerobic training supplemented with hydro-alcoholic extract of Vaccinium Arctostaphylos fruit on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system of the heart tissue of rats was investigated.Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1-healthy control, 2-supplementation, 3-training, and 4-supplementation and training. Rats in the supplement groups received 250 mg of fruit Vaccinium Arctostaphylos per kg of body weight in the form of oral gavage. Aerobic training protocol included running on a treadmill at a speed of 5-24 m/min for 10-60 minutes for eight weeks, five days a week, with the principle of overload. The levels of SOD, TAC, GPX, and MDA were measured in heart tissue. Results: The results showed that the level of SOD increased significantly in the training+supplement group compared to the control group (p=0.044). The level of TAC in the supplement group was higher than the training and training+supplement groups (p
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